ライフサイエンスコーパス: lightning

1 requency electromagnetic radiation as normal lightning.

2 water-rich volcanic eruption accompanied by lightning.

3 ntly disorganized discharges and some simple lightning.

4 of the sporadic E layer can be attributed to lightning.

5 charges, which are thought to originate from lightning.

6 way electrons is an important process during lightning.

7 ely rare, or very different from terrestrial lightning.

8 h as ultraviolet light, corona discharge, or lightning.

9 these new unconventional HSIL lines against lightning.

10 nterintuitively benefit from being struck by lightning.

11 dation of nitrogen oxides formed by volcanic lightning.

12 ions in the presence of nitrogen oxides from lightning.

13 ort during this secondary period of observed lightning.

14 sm indicate the meltglass was not created by lightning.

15 lectromagnetic pulses associated with Jovian lightning.

16 gy distribution frequency of cloud-to-ground lightning.

17 own about cloud electrochemistry, except for lightning, a natural hazard that is nearly impossible to

18 In this paper, we develop B-Lightning, a novel and robust method designed to identif

19 tality rates for this site, we conclude that lightning accounts for 40.5% of the mortality of large t

20 To determine the effects of lightning activity in the atmospheres of other planets f

21 craft observations show that the presence of lightning activity is not confined to the terrestrial at

22 Lightning activity may also occur in Titan's thick atmos

23 th its tropical location in a region of high lightning activity, indicate a potentially transformativ

24 p convection and chemistry demonstrates that lightning also directly generates the oxidants OH and th

25 frequency in tropical savannas suggests that lightning also influences savanna tree mortality rates a

26 ns of an active storm system possessing both lightning and condensation of water.

27 early day and early night, under both cyclic lightning and constant lightning conditions.

28 eter measurements, we observed a sequence of lightning and electrical activity during one of Mount St

29 We suggest that the co-location of lightning and ionospheric enhancement can be explained b

30 iter's atmosphere, under the ionosphere, the lightning and radio emission detector measured radio fre

31 licated fire histories suggest that abundant lightning and suitable climate conditions drove frequent

32 Given the noise of lightning and the Schumann resonances, near field magnet

33 ography), ignition source (anthropogenic vs. lightning), and decade.

34 These constraints probably exclude nebula lightning, and also make formation far from the nebula m

35 ch signals are characteristic of terrestrial lightning, and are commonly heard on AM (amplitude-modul

36 to which the stimulus belongs (e.g., snake, lightning, and fish) [11].

37 th the number of trees killed and damaged by lightning, and patterns of plant damage indicated that t

38 , representing the high voltage component of lightning, applied across a 4 cm air gap between a varie

39 trends and increased ignitions by humans and lightning are breaching fire refugia; hence, the surviva

40 Saint Elmo's fire and lightning are two known forms of naturally occurring atm

41 discharges, including from thunderstorms and lightning associated with volcanic eruptions.

42 Here I present a hypothesis that lightning associated with volcanic island eruptions crea

43 ging techniques to study extremely transient lightning-associated events confirms that electrical bre

44 the New Horizons spacecraft have identified lightning at high latitudes above Jupiter up to 80 degre

45 eifera tree > 60 cm in diameter is struck by lightning at least five times during its lifetime, confe

46 e obtained for 4 negative strokes in natural lightning at the Lightning Observatory in Gainesville, F

47 The existence of lightning at Venus has, however, remained controversial.

48 tive burning practices, along with a natural lightning-based fire regime, promoted long-term stabilit

49 Adding coarse sea spray can reduce the lightning by 90% regardless of fine aerosol loading.

50 wn as sea spray, weakens the cloud vigor and lightning by producing fewer but larger cloud drops, whi

51 However, lightning can also induce extreme pressure-temperature e

52 ves have demonstrated that thunderstorms and lightning can have substantial impacts in the nighttime

53 rious types of measurements demonstrate that lightning can interact with the lower ionosphere.

54 Lightning-caused disturbance is highly variable in terms

55 These patterns indicate that lightning-caused disturbance plays a major and largely u

56 fire season was three times longer than the lightning-caused fire season and added an average of 40,

57 e use the first systematic quantification of lightning-caused mortality to show that lightning is a m

58 In 2009, a lightning-caused wildfire burned through the experiment.

59 Cloud-to-ground lightning (CG) flash data from the National Lightning De

60 ther and increased biomass but marginally by lightning changes.

61 o-ground flashes, upon connection to another lightning channel - without any masking by cloud.

62 dependent network models: as in real life, a Lightning channel is opened with a probability that depe

63 The first period of lightning coincided with the rapid growth of the ash clo

64 s and two vegetation ashes from the 2020 LNU Lightning Complex Fire in California were treated with c

65 ration values, that for the range of indoors lightning conditions were estimated in the range 5.7 x.

66 ht, under both cyclic lightning and constant lightning conditions.

67 from negative ones, and why cloud-to-ground lightning connects to the ground multiple times.

68 om remote sensing to terahertz generation to lightning control.

69 Therefore, lightning could have been a significant source of prebio

70 d gases in volcanic eruptions accompanied by lightning could have been common on the early Earth.

71 In the atmosphere of the primordial Earth, lightning could have been the major source of many of th

72 ) measurements were obtained from the Global Lightning Dataset (GLD360).

73 rs, thus showing the importance of combining lightning datasets across multiple frequencies to charac

74 t cannot be explained by seasonal and annual lightning densities.

75 ng fine aerosols significantly increases the lightning density for a given rainfall amount over both

76 me location and within just a few hours of a lightning detection (on the night side).

77 lightning (CG) flash data from the National Lightning Detection Network matched against satellite-ma

78 ity from lightning strikes, we estimate that lightning directly damages c.

79 In 2002 it was discovered that a lightning discharge can rise out of the top of tropical

80 riments, this research shows that within the lightning discharge channel there is an ideal melting zo

81 ions show that the fraction of the energy in lightning discharge channels that is radiated in the vis

82 ermal reduction, photochemical reactions, or lightning discharge could have converted atmospheric N2

83 Complete evolution of a lightning discharge, from its initiation at an altitude

84 lar process occurs as the result of volcanic lightning discharge, when airborne volcanic ash is trans

85 a knowledge of the optical properties of the lightning discharge.

86 st with the observations of other parts of a lightning discharge.

87 Lightning discharges can produce transient gamma-ray emi

88 erties of whistler-mode signals generated by lightning discharges in Venus' clouds.

89 Jovian rapid whistlers at a cadence of a few lightning discharges per second, comparable to observati

90 background, sometimes abruptly terminated by lightning discharges(1,3-5).

91 gths and is the initiating event of numerous lightning discharges.

92 ent easily detected signals from terrestrial lightning during a later fly-by of Earth (at a global fl

93 Despite the frequent occurrence of volcanic lightning during explosive eruptions and convincing labo

94 t may result from the occurrence of volcanic lightning during explosive eruptions.

95 canic ash despite the frequent occurrence of lightning during explosive eruptions.

96 sive radio signals were detected from Saturn lightning during the approach and first orbit.

97 Ninety-one percent of the lightning during the event was observed by only one of t

98 ing Network observed two distinct periods of lightning during this eruption totaling 75 unique lightn

99 fees or, alternatively, the maximal cost the Lightning ecosystem may impose for a given average volum

100 sions in the mesosphere induced by transient lightning electric fields above thunderstorms.

101 nse to the brightest spectral line of Jovian lightning emission, the 656.3-nanometre Halpha line of a

102 s a potential useful pathway for elucidating lightning energy and damage potential of strikes.

103 provide a low-latitude channel to transport lightning energy to the magnetosphere.

104 times precipitated water mass to discharged lightning energy with an efficiency of 1%.

105 kA) were similar to those initiating normal lightning events (34 kA).

106 rs, because they apparently initiated normal lightning events at essentially the same location after

107 entage of CIDs preceding (initiating) normal lightning events from 6.8% to 43%.

108 ng superbolts are the most powerful and rare lightning events with intense optical emission, first id

109 17,20-22) and cause multiple cloud-to-ground lightning events(1).

110 followed and preceded by other NLDN-reported lightning events.

111 If lightning exists in the venusian atmosphere, it is eithe

112 eholds over 2008-2010, we first document the lightning-fast adoption of mobile money in Kenya, which

113 Tpaint uses further approximations to obtain lightning-fast estimation optimized for genome-wide rela

114 l, the important novelty is speed: where the lightning-fast HHblits needed on average about two minut

115 Heartbeats, muscle twitches, and lightning-fast thoughts are all manifestations of bioele

116 red to existing approaches in that it (i) is lightning-fast, consuming only few seconds of CPU time t

117 successional stages than landscapes under a lightning fire regime, and differences are of scale, not

118 iginal hunting fires with those dominated by lightning fires.

119 ning during this eruption totaling 75 unique lightning flash occurrences over five hours (57 in cloud

120 Here we propose that the lightning flash rate is proportional to the convective a

121 e unique dataset we have compiled, show that lightning flash rates were strongly correlated (R = 0.77

122 ted with PVD are typically quick (96%), with lightning/flash morphology (96%), white (87%), temporall

123 production explain the impressive number of lightning flashes (~100,000) recorded near the volcano f

124 observations show that many or possibly all lightning flashes are initiated by fast positive breakdo

125 Lightning flashes are known to initiate in regions of st

126 Here we report optical observations of lightning flashes by the Juno spacecraft with energies o

127 Lightning flashes have been observed by a number of miss

128 in the time series of total cloud-to-ground lightning flashes over the contiguous United States (CON

129 atmosphere caused by intense cloud-to-ground lightning flashes, manifesting an impulsive coupling mec

130 es may be the missing link in explaining why lightning flickers with multiple discharges, but this re

131 Lightning forms a network of plasma channels propagating

132 Climate change affects lightning frequency and wildfire intensity globally.

133 Given lightning frequency data from the Earth Networks Total L

134 Any changes in cloud-to-ground lightning frequency due to climatic change will alter tr

135 The similarly high lightning frequency in tropical savannas suggests that l

136 and to evaluate whether spatial variation in lightning frequency is associated with variation in trop

137 Higher lightning frequency was positively associated with woody

138 rtality rates; projected 25-50% increases in lightning frequency would increase large tree mortality

139 Lightning-generated OH in all storms happening at the sa

140 Lightning-generated whistlers profoundly affect the ener

141 in the inner belt and slot region, driven by lightning-generated whistlers.

142 n on other planets, including Jupiter, polar lightning has been known only on Earth.

143 Although lightning has been seen on other planets, including Jupi

144 ches have been negative and the existence of lightning has remained controversial.

145 Previous observations of lightning have been limited by camera sensitivity, dista

146 lectromagnetic impulses induced by Jupiter's lightning have been recognised to produce both low-frequ

147 Our approach involves classifying lightning-ignited versus anthropogenic wildfires, and es

148 models designed to characterize and predict lightning-ignited wildfires on a global scale.

149 ally than those sparked by human activities, lightning-ignited wildfires play a substantial role in c

150 es to a greater percentage of burned area in lightning-ignited wildfires than in human-ignited wildfi

151 s have steadily increased the global risk of lightning-ignited wildfires.

152 global differences between anthropogenic and lightning-ignited wildfires.

153 tents of human-ignited wildfires relative to lightning-ignited wildfires.

154 er power-law exponents for anthropogenic vs. lightning ignition sources; and (iv) calculate recurrenc

155 abundant fires set by humans and infrequent lightning ignitions occurred during periods when warm, d

156 The occurrence of lightning in a planetary atmosphere enables chemical pro

157 Here we report the first simulations of lightning in planetary atmospheres by laser-induced plas

158 n, rather than the EMPs being from "regular" lightning in TGF-producing thunderstorms.

159 ler' signals provided the first evidence for lightning in the atmosphere of Venus.

160 s that the amount of trace gases produced by lightning in the jovian atmosphere must be larger than p

161 For that reason, lightning inception is typically hidden from sight of ca

162 Lightning increases the atmosphere's ability to cleanse

163 the calculations used in previous studies of lightning-induced damage to infrastructure materials to

164 Potential impacts of lightning-induced plasma on cloud ice formation and prec

165 en airborne volcanic ash is transformed into lightning-induced volcanic spherules (LIVS).

166 secrets such as what are the conditions for lightning initiation and what is driving the discharge t

167 e a serendipitous recording of bidirectional lightning initiation in virgin air under the cloud base

168 an typically detect only some aspects of the lightning initiation process and subsequent development

169 In this work, we represent the lightning initiation scenario as a sequence of two trans

170 This case reveals natural lightning initiation, propagation and a return stroke as

171 waves that transfer energy from the site of lightning into the ionosphere, or vertical electrical di

172 Lightning is a dangerous yet poorly understood natural p

173 Lightning is a major agent of disturbance, but its ecolo

174 n of lightning-caused mortality to show that lightning is a major cause of death for the largest tree

175 Lightning is a natural phenomenon, and extra high voltag

176 Lightning is among the most energetic manifestation of e

177 Since lightning is an electric discharge phenomenon, there are

178 Lightning is an important agent of plant mortality and d

179 ric response to low-pressure systems without lightning is detected, we conclude that this localized i

180 l question in lightning studies concerns how lightning is initiated inside storms, given the absence

181 Furthermore, the effect of regional U.S. lightning is propagated through large areas of the North

182 Summer lightning is shown to play a dominant role in controllin

183 vement disorder characterized by involuntary lightning jerks and dystonic movements and postures alle

184 ng the dart leader phase of rocket-triggered lightning, just before and possibly at the very start of

185 Lightning killed 56% of 93 directly struck trees and cau

186 s(18-21), which indicates the involvement of lightning leaders in their generation.

187 optical emissions (777.4 nm OI emitted from lightning leaders) remained near cloud top (15 to 20 km

188 essful leader branches, are as bright as the lightning leaders, and report several other optical char

189 t, with a current density well below that of lightning leaders.

190 The data also indicate that the lightning-like discharge channel can extend above thunde

191 yndrome characterized by myoclonic seizures (lightning-like jerks), generalized convulsive seizures,

192 frequency ground stations of the World-Wide Lightning Location Network.

193 se data were analyzed, along with correlated lightning location system data, to determine the trigger

194 Here, we use data from a unique lightning location system to show that some individual t

195 combination of the space-based Geostationary Lightning Mapper (GLM) and ground-based Earth Networks T

196 he charge transfer and optical Geostationary Lightning Mapper data are now matched unambiguously to t

197 ield antenna systems, and for two seasons, a Lightning Mapping Array.

198 Other technology such as lightning mapping systems based on radio waves can typic

199 chanisms for the generation of the secondary lightning maxima are discussed based on the presence and

200 frequency data from the Earth Networks Total Lightning Network and historical total tree mortality ra

201 ically convenient - to open a channel on the Lightning Network and transact "off chain".

202 In this paper, we model the emergence of the Lightning Network as a (bond) percolation process and we

203 The Lightning Network is a so-called second-layer technology

204 arating regions in the phase space where the Lightning Network is sustainable or not is elucidated.

205 (GLM) and ground-based Earth Networks Total Lightning Network observed two distinct periods of light

206 l volume of transactions that would make the Lightning Network sustainable for a given level of fees

207 nal radio and optical data indicate that VHF lightning networks detect emissions from streamer corona

208 s(22), or why the current in cloud-to-ground lightning never goes to zero(23).

209 ep convective clouds, where it is mixed with lightning NO(x).

210 stent with the rate expected for terrestrial lightning), no similar signals were detected from Venus.

211 d improve the precision and accuracy for our lightning observation techniques.

212 optically observed for the first time at the Lightning Observatory in Gainesville, Florida.

213 negative strokes in natural lightning at the Lightning Observatory in Gainesville, Florida.

214 remote sensing are combined to characterize lightning occurrence during the 3 June 2018 Volcan de Fu

215 , and this could have resulted in infrequent lightning occurrence.

216 thermal shock from impact or volcanic plume lightning on ancient Mars.

217 Previous observations of lightning on Jupiter have revealed both its frequency of

218 lies that multiple mechanisms for generating lightning on Jupiter need to be considered for a full un

219 ignificant amounts of HCN are also formed by lightning on Jupiter.

220 Although much evidence has been reported for lightning on Venus, some searches have been negative and

221 t of the explosion itself, the fact that the lightning onset was delayed and continued after and well

222 -such as shock waves, solar flares or nebula lightning--operate on different length scales that have

223 ions favourable for fire ignition-usually by lightning or human activity-and spread(1-3).

224 vinces, where water availability is high and lightning or storm incidence is low.

225 istent with volcanic, cosmic, anthropogenic, lightning, or authigenic sources.

226 rical and experimental studies showed that B-Lightning outperforms existing methods in terms of sensi

227 sional radio interferometric observations of lightning over the Netherlands with unprecedented spatio

228 ne, deep tropical convection with associated lightning, oxidation photochemistry and the low ambient

229 n parallels those determined for a number of lightning parameters measured in actual atmospheric disc

230 der channel, which has broad implications to lightning physics beyond that of gigantic jets.

231 The results of this study indicate that lightning plays a critical and previously underestimated

232 Lightning plays an important role in atmospheric chemist

233 Here, we introduce 'Lightning Pose', an efficient pose estimation package wi

234 Our knowledge about the fine structure of lightning processes at Jupiter was substantially limited

235 However, it was still uncertain if Jovian lightning processes have the fine structure of steps cor

236 nd soil emissions) are compared with that of lightning-produced NO(x).

237 Calculations show that lightning produces a significant fraction of the nitric

238 However, it is not yet understood how lightning produces an enormous number of relativistic el

239 he secretary bird, which kills its prey with lightning-quick kicks to the head.

240 Lightning rates and optical powers were similar at each

241 ldfires, but the impact of global warming on lightning rates is poorly constrained.

242 n climate variation causes huge fires in the lightning region.

243 ree survival with respect to the severity of lightning-related tree damage and death are likely to in

244 emulating the carrier transport mechanism in lightning return strokes.

245 es ambient amounts within centimeters of the lightning rod and on high-voltage electrical power lines

246 The enhanced lightning rod effect surrounding the seized target virus

247 nhanced (1)O(2) nanoplatforms exploiting the lightning rod effect, or plasmon hot spots, in anisotrop

248 Calculations show that corona on lightning rods can annually generate OH that is 10-100 t

249 nt and that corona are easier to generate on lightning rods than on the inlet.

250 n have become political, social, and medical lightning rods, polarizing opinion among members of the

251 and the second one is from streamers to the lightning seed.

252 Lightning sensitivity to global temperature change (+1.6

253 ng the event was observed by only one of the lightning sensors, thus showing the importance of combin

254 lectric charges about the plume to form the 'lightning sheath' that was so prominent in the recent er

255 Why lightning sometimes has multiple discharges to ground is

256 ts) in HF in 1998, research has proceeded at lightning speed, and numerous preclinical and clinical s

257 vast majority of the United States, whereas lightning-started fires were dominant in only 0.7 millio

258 occurred where fuel moisture was higher than lightning-started fires, thereby helping expand the geog

259 The common phenomenon of lightning still harbors many secrets such as what are th

260 el of forest development under a gradient of lightning strike frequency to analyse long-term dynamics

261 A novel lightning strike location system together with field sur

262 st the potential of a direct replacement for lightning strike solutions and to enhance the efficiency

263 The fulgurite may have been created by a lightning strike that combined sand with material from d

264 ltimately a consequence of the energy of the lightning strike that formed it, and hence fulgurites ma

265 Lightning strikes are known to morphologically alter and

266 proxy is applied to 11 climate models, CONUS lightning strikes are predicted to increase 12 +/- 5% pe

267 Cloud-to-ground lightning strikes could have generated high concentratio

268 Lightning strikes could likewise provide a continual sou

269 tellite sensors to quantify the geography of lightning strikes in terrestrial tropical ecosystems, an

270 Lightning strikes kill hundreds of millions of trees ann

271 idespread phosphorus reduction, arguing that lightning strikes on early Earth potentially formed 10-1

272 systems received an average of 100.4 million lightning strikes per year, and the frequency of strikes

273 When lightning strikes soil, it may generate a cylindrical tu

274 Lightning strikes thousands of tropical trees every day,

275 Lightning strikes were more frequent in forests, savanna

276 e we show that the energy per unit length of lightning strikes within quartz sand has a geometric mea

277 P anions that have been detected recently in lightning strikes, eutrophic lakes, geothermal springs,

278 vely assessed tree damage and mortality from lightning strikes, we estimate that lightning directly d

279 tmospheric pollution and, ultimately, taming lightning strikes.

280 ed by extracting the high energy tail of the lightning stroke signals measured by the very low freque

281 A long-standing but fundamental question in lightning studies concerns how lightning is initiated in

282 Upward lightning studies took place in Rapid City, South Dakota

283 B-Lightning successfully identified new senescence markers

284 Lightning superbolts are the most powerful and rare ligh

285 Lightning Terminators show maximum incorporation rates (

286 class of 3'-OH unblocked nucleotides, called Lightning Terminators, which have a terminating 2-nitrob

287 dden, unexpected, appearing like "flashes of lightning", these insights have the hallmarks of critica

288 Lightning thus appears to be initiated exclusively in th

289 mating with high accuracy the probability of lightning to ignite a fire based on a wide spectrum of f

290 ularities along the line of propagation from lightning to Juno.

291 that posed by the risk of death related to, lightning, tornadoes, or similar remote events.

292 B-Lightning uses an iterative approach to enrich a small s

293 z to 5.6 MHz) radio signals, possibly due to lightning, were also detected.

294 In nature, electrical injury occurs due to lightning, which also carries the highest mortality.

295 is is consistent with observations of jovian lightning, which is an indicator of moist convection.

296 Our analysis shows that climate-lightning-wildfire interactions involve multiple compens

297 Occasionally, lightning will exit the top of a thunderstorm and connec

298 inated air masses generated large amounts of lightning with positive polarity (+CGs).

299 Nine trees of other long-lived taxa survived lightning with similar benefits.

300 h an atmospheric region that did not support lightning within at least 100 kilometers and more likely