ライフサイエンスコーパス: limb bud

1 LPM induces ectodermal Fgf8 expression and a limb bud.

2 ic hedgehog (Shh) expression in the anterior limb bud.

3 n to promote Shh expression in the posterior limb bud.

4 ng to inhibit Shh expression in the anterior limb bud.

5 nication between cells within the developing limb bud.

6 oper patterning and growth of the developing limb bud.

7 at the apical ectodermal ridge (AER) of the limb bud.

8 anterior-posterior patterning of the amniote limb bud.

9 BMP4 represses Runx2 expression in the early limb bud.

10 he anterior-posterior axis of the vertebrate limb bud.

11 tic removal of several BMP activities in the limb bud.

12 ridge (AER) as a new signaling center in the limb bud.

13 og (Shh) mRNA to the posterior margin of the limb bud.

14 imiting Shh expression to the margins of the limb bud.

15 ecule Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) in the developing limb bud.

16 ShhN across the anteroposterior axis of the limb bud.

17 y promotes the spread of Shh gradient in the limb bud.

18 of the ZPA, is absent from the dolphin hind-limb bud.

19 ore posteriorly in the proximal third of the limb bud.

20 s widespread cell death within the embryonic limb bud.

21 cluding NCAM and collagen II (Col2a1) in the limb bud.

22 on of the skeletal architecture in the avian limb bud.

23 cells migrate from adjacent somites into the limb bud.

24 for the spatiotemporal control of Shh in the limb bud.

25 nt along which cells move to shape the early limb bud.

26 n the developing eye, pharyngeal arches, and limb bud.

27 sing on its regulation of Grem1 in the mouse limb bud.

28 ecific transcriptional activity in the mouse limb bud.

29 ate Shh expression at an ectopic site in the limb bud.

30 ntral nervous system, facial structures, and limb buds.

31 genes more frequently in male gonads than in limb buds.

32 velopment of the heart, branchial arches and limb buds.

33 the order observed in either mouse or chick limb buds.

34 al termination consistent with that in chick limb buds.

35 y reduced in the distal mesenchyme of mutant limb buds.

36 proximodistal axis in the early stage 19-22 limb buds.

37 e development of contralateral, un-amputated limb buds.

38 he basal state of appendage development from limb buds.

39 al insects produce appendages from embryonic limb buds.

40 -specific differentiation of Dicer-deficient limb buds.

41 d Fgf10 is nearly abolished in double mutant limb buds.

42 arlier, coinciding with the elongation of T3 limb buds.

43 an anencephalic head, spine, upper and lower limb buds.

44 s in mice such as somites, neural tubes, and limb buds.

45 cal ectodermal ridge (AER) of the developing limb buds.

46 transcriptional regulators required in early limb buds.

47 patterning and skeletal morphogenesis of the limb buds.

48 2 chromatin complexes from mouse embryos and limb buds.

49 h ligands to ectopic sites in the developing limb buds.

50 delamination and migration of cells into the limb buds.

51 e we show that during early outgrowth of the limb bud, a small cohort of cells express the orphan gen

52 ICM of the blastocyst, the myotomes, and the limb bud AER, is regulated by distinct enhancer elements

53 MO2 is also expressed in developing tail and limb buds, an expression pattern we now show to be recap

54 ed to ectopic Shh expression in the anterior limb bud and a preaxial polydactyly (PPD) skeletal pheno

55 istal subridge mesodermal cells of the chick limb bud and also by the AER itself.

56 FGF signaling regulates development of the limb bud and formation of the mesenchymal condensation a

57 hylome in RA FLS, we recently identified the limb bud and heart development (LBH) gene as a key dysre

58 ogenitor cells from different regions of the limb bud and identified unique cellular properties that

59 that developmental interactions between the limb bud and its innervation can be determinative for ad

60 expression to the proximal mesenchyme in the limb bud and later to chondrocytes associated with the f

61 ema to single-cell RNA-seq data from axolotl limb bud and limb regeneration stages shows that Polypte

62 establishes the anteroposterior axis of the limb bud and maintains proliferative expansion of limb e

63 ression of genes functioning in the proximal limb bud and orchestrates the establishment of anterior

64 (MPCs) have migrated from the somites to the limb bud and populated the prospective muscle masses.

65 surprisingly similar to that of the Xenopus limb bud and the zebrafish caudal fin, despite the diffe

66 pernumerary subclavian arteries in talpid(3) limb buds and abnormal expression of an artery-specific

67 is substantially restricted to the terminal limb buds and craniofacial processes during early develo

68 cription factors, expressed in the embryonic limb buds and ectoderm, are disease genes for these cond

69 Maximal expression of SPG20 in the limb buds and forebrain during embryogenesis may explain

70 ation sequencing (ChIP-seq) using developing limb buds and male gonads from embryos of two vertebrate

71 olecular dimorphisms between male and female limb buds and provide experimental evidence that the dig

72 expressed in central regions of early chick limb buds and proximal two thirds of later limbs, wherea

73 In the limb buds and somites, cartilage cell lineage differenti

74 with cartilage and tendon cell types in the limb buds and somites.

75 on for the loss of digit asymmetry in bovine limb buds and suggests that modifications affecting the

76 skeletal mesenchymal cells from mouse embryo limb buds and whole limb explants.

77 Limb-bud and heart (LBH) is a novel key transcriptional

78 Lbh (limb-bud and heart) is a novel, highly conserved putativ

79 or role for this enhancer resides within the limb bud, and it serves to maintain a level of Tcfap2a e

80 ogenic lineage, located in the center of the limb bud, and soft connective tissue lineages located in

81 r and anterior regions of distal E10.5 mouse limb buds, and analysis in E10.5 dissected limb buds the

82 is repression occurs both in mouse and chick limb buds, and is dependent on high FGF activity.

83 s comparable to its expression in developing limb buds, and it thus is an important marker for dediff

84 ally expressed in apoptotic regions of chick limb buds, and MafB/cFos heterodimers repressed apoptosi

85 , developing brain, craniofacial structures, limb buds, and tail bud.

86 A major function of the limb bud apical ectodermal ridge (AER) is to produce fib

87 BMP receptor gene Bmpr1a specifically in the limb bud apical ectodermal ridge (AER), a source of FGF

88 PKA levels in the limb bud are high posteriorly and low anteriorly, sugges

89 show that the mesenchymal cells of the early limb bud are not disorganized within the ectoderm as pre

90 Both mouse and chicken mutant limb buds are broad and short.

91 the ectodermal compartment, using the mouse limb bud as a model.

92 ubpopulation of Myf5(+ve) progenitors in the limb buds at the late embryonic stage ( approximately E1

93 al epithelium of regenerating Xenopus laevis limb buds, at the appropriate time and place to play a r

94 lank, a difference also seen at 3 days, when limb budding begins.

95 onse of the flank could help ensure that the limb bud bulges out from, rather than becoming engulfed

96 e, does not regulate cell orientation in the limb bud but instead establishes a gradient of cell velo

97 hh expression in the posterior margin of the limb bud, but how this polarity is established is not cl

98 e Fgf4 for Fgf8 expression in the developing limb bud by concomitantly activating a conditional Fgf4

99 oss of Vhl in mesenchymal progenitors of the limb bud caused severe fibrosis of the synovial joints a

100 -function allele is activated in a wild-type limb bud causes formation of a supernumerary posterior d

101 Primary chick limb bud cell cultures infected with Shox showed an init

102 on studies using micromass cultures of mouse limb bud cells further supported the conclusion that Cyp

103 raction profiles between proximal and distal limb bud cells isolated from mutant stocks where various

104 ndent Shh signaling, was induced in anterior limb bud cells resulting in extra digits.

105 se results, Ddrgk1-/- mice displayed delayed limb bud chondrogenic condensation, decreased SOX9 prote

106 oreover, expression of SoxB1 proteins in the limb bud confers on mesodermal cells the potential to ac

107 s of MafB, cFos and cJun in developing chick limb buds control the number of apoptotic cells, and tha

108 ein in the posterior mesenchyme of the mouse limb bud correlates with a long-range chromatin interact

109 We found that premature AER loss in mutant limb buds delayed generation of autopod progenitors, whi

110 ra, sometimes multiple digits, from anterior limb bud demonstrating the negative role in Shh signalin

111 atory module at the time and place of distal limb bud development when the GCR participates in initia

112 P-D-patterning gene expression during early limb bud development, providing genetic evidence that AE

113 During limb bud development, these activities encoded by the ZR

114 However, cetacean embryos do initiate hind-limb bud development.

115 he timing of myogenic gene expression during limb bud development.

116 They also retain H3K27ac enrichment in limb buds devoid of GLI activator and repressor, indicat

117 In the emerging limb buds, different subgroups of Hoxd genes respond fir

118 Interestingly, altered limb bud dimensions in Vangl2 mutants also affect limb g

119 sion of Hox constructs throughout the entire limb bud during development.

120 tive enhancer responsible for patterning the limb bud during development.

121 ing the postrelease spread of Shh across the limb bud during early development.

122 egulated in the proximal central core of the limb bud during the formation of the precartilage conden

123 al tissue, hindgut, heart, lung, kidney, and limb buds during midgestation.

124 eles were removed either from the developing limb bud ectoderm (using Msx2-Cre) or from the mesenchym

125 it has been stated that Hh signaling in the limb bud ectoderm cannot occur because components of the

126 etic ablation of Rac1 in the mouse embryonic limb bud ectoderm disrupts canonical Wnt signaling and p

127 d targets of Hh signaling are present in the limb bud ectoderm including the apex of the bud.

128 e expression is specifically elevated in the limb bud ectoderm of IKK-alpha-deficient mice.

129 g pathway and targets of this pathway in the limb bud ectoderm.

130 ion, of tetrads and rosettes in Fgfr2 mutant limb-bud ectoderm.

131 as elucidated the multiple roles of FGFR1 in limb bud establishment, growth and patterning.

132 imal elements are differentially affected in limb buds exposed to radiation at early stages.

133 birth defect is mimicked in developing chick limb buds exposed to X-irradiation.

134 Limb bud expression depended on a cluster of HOX binding

135 wo candidates, Igfbp4 and Fstl, interdigital limb bud expression was reduced in Hoxa13 mutants.

136 In a nascent limb bud, FGFR1 promotes the length of the proximodistal

137 with elevated expression in the prospective limb bud field, is capable of inhibiting Hand2/Tbx3 expr

138 ayed upregulation of Gli3 in the prospective limb bud field.

139 In the early limb bud, for instance, Sonic hedgehog (Shh) is expresse

140 Although numerous molecules required for limb bud formation have recently been identified, the mo

141 ntral nervous system and the early stages of limb bud formation of the developing embryo.

142 of expression in the hindlimb field, during limb bud formation, alters neither limb outgrowth nor ex

143 outgrowth along the PD, AP and DV axes after limb bud formation.

144 lements is distinctly regulated early during limb-bud formation.

145 Our data indicate that the cetacean hind-limb bud forms an AER and that this structure expresses

146 pression at the distal edge of the embryonic limb bud, forms abnormally in the absence of Megf7.

147 However, studies on early limb buds found that Twist1(-/-) mutant limb mesenchyme

148 imb field mesoderm leading to bulging of the limb buds from the body wall.

149 d more frequently in SOX9 binding regions in limb bud genes compared with those in male gonad genes.

150 xpression during the first day and blastemal/limb bud genes peaking at 7 to 14 days.

151 binding regions was significantly higher in limb bud genes.

152 As the limb bud grows, the proximal limb is established through

153 ene expression regulation without disturbing limb bud growth.

154 number and volume density differences: 4-day limb buds had 2- to 2.5-fold as many cells per unit area

155 The chick limb bud has been used as a model system for studying pa

156 For more than a century, the vertebrate limb bud has served as a model for studying cell signall

157 on tibial pioneer neurons in the developing limb bud have been well characterized in the grasshopper

158 In cuttlefish limb buds, Hedgehog is expressed anteriorly.

159 On the other hand, in the limb bud, Hh signaling represses hypaxial myoblast diffe

160 to restrict Shh expression to the posterior limb bud, how they function together remains unclear.

161 Rspo2 is expressed in the AER of all limb buds, however the stunted phenotype is significantl

162 for appropriate muscle development in chick limb buds; however, Fgfr4 null mice show no phenotype.

163 find that upon ectopic expression in distal limb buds, HOXA11 binds sites normally HOX13-specific.

164 eleted VHL in mesenchymal progenitors of the limb bud, i.e. in cells not yet committed to the chondro

165 atin immunoprecipitation sequencing in chick limb buds identified potential target genes and regulato

166 fers a first step for creating an artificial limb bud in culture and might open the door to inducing

167 ression of Has2 in the mesoderm of the chick limb bud in vivo results in the formation of shortened a

168 raverse long distances within the vertebrate limb bud in vivo.

169 f Engrailed-1 (En1) expression in the AER of limb buds in which Bmp2 and Bmp4 had been removed indica

170 on only in the Shh-expressing regions of the limb bud, in a conformation consistent with enhancer-pro

171 Hes1 inactivation in the limb bud increased femoral length and trabecular number.

172 n of chondrocyte progenitors in the proximal limb-bud independently of known P-D patterning markers a

173 ipitation of DNA-Gli3 protein complexes from limb buds indicated that Gli3 strongly binds to the Has2

174 is expressed in the distal mesenchyme of the limb bud, induces premature expression of both Myf5 and

175 This work shows that limb buds initiate earlier than previously thought, as a

176 , including limb positioning (Hoxc6, Hoxd9), limb bud initiation (Pitx1, Tbx4, Tbx5), and limb bud ou

177 hought to play a key instructive role during limb bud initiation and subsequent patterning.

178 However, inactivation after limb bud initiation causes an upregulation of two AER-FG

179 striction of Shh expression to the posterior limb bud is essential for its polarizing effect.

180 of myogenic cells from the somites into the limb bud is followed by their extension from the proxima

181 Has2 expression in the limb bud is lost in Shh null and expanded anteriorly in

182 During this phase, the limb bud is prepatterned into anterior and posterior reg

183 location on the surface of the middle of the limb bud is sufficient to induce ectopic expression of T

184 -feedback loop crucial for the initiation of limb budding is activated.

185 f VEGF and Ang2a expression by Shh in normal limb buds is accompanied by vascular remodelling.

186 Our finding that the sequence in mouse limb buds is different led us to explore alternative mec

187 g region, at the posterior of the vertebrate limb bud, is pivotal in determining digit number and ide

188 l ligands may be expressed in the developing limb bud, it was possible that loss of Jagged2 disabled

189 cellular and molecular events that shape the limb bud itself have remained largely unknown.

190 imb development starts with the formation of limb buds (LBs), which consist of tissues from two diffe

191 ed BMP signaling in the mesoderm between the limb buds leads to abnormal somite differentiation and a

192 gestation in a proximal-dorsal region of the limb bud, leads to the elimination of enough mesenchymal

193 abrogates ectopic Shh expression in anterior limb buds, limits overexpression in the zone of polarizi

194 In addition, Sox9-expressing limb bud mesenchymal cells also contributed to tendon an

195 analysis system to track the fate of single limb bud mesenchymal cells at different times in early l

196 er (R26R) mice revealed that Sox9-expressing limb bud mesenchymal cells gave rise to both chondrocyte

197 pression of chondrogenic and matrix genes in limb bud mesenchymal cells in micromass culture.

198 rough disruption of Tsc2 in craniofacial and limb bud mesenchymal progenitors.

199 y)-cre line led to Fgfr1 inactivation in all limb bud mesenchyme (LBM) cells during limb initiation.

200 is expressed and transcriptionally active in limb bud mesenchyme and in mesenchymal condensations.

201 e associated with decreased proliferation of limb bud mesenchyme and small cartilaginous condensation

202 t severely impairs Tcfap2a expression in the limb bud mesenchyme but generates only a modest reductio

203 terior and posterior polarity of the nascent limb bud mesenchyme by impacting Gli3 and Tbx3 expressio

204 Deficiency of VHL in limb bud mesenchyme does not alter the timely differenti

205 Conditional knockout of Hif-1alpha in limb bud mesenchyme does not impair mesenchyme condensat

206 8 function in the forelimb AER, we show that limb bud mesenchyme fails to survive in the absence of b

207 ent, and its conditional deletion from early limb bud mesenchyme in mice severely affects both initia

208 ing the Cre/loxP system in mice, we rendered limb bud mesenchyme insensitive to BMP signals through t

209 , we conditionally inactivated Hif-1alpha in limb bud mesenchyme using a Prx1 promoter-driven Cre tra

210 ial glycosyltransferase for HS synthesis, in limb bud mesenchyme using the Prx1-Cre transgene.

211 is dynamically expressed in the early distal limb bud mesenchyme, with expression becoming downregula

212 ed to inhibit Shh expression in the anterior limb bud mesenchyme.

213 opment, we deleted POR specifically in mouse limb bud mesenchyme.

214 tor, is disrupted specifically in the bovine limb bud mesenchyme.

215 tured chondrocytic cells and differentiating limb-bud mesenchyme.

216 es, it has been shown that activation in the limb bud mesoderm is required for normal limb developmen

217 tivated the gene for HA synthase 2, Has2, in limb bud mesoderm using mice that harbor a floxed allele

218 he Prx1(cre) transgene to inactivate Bmp4 in limb bud mesoderm.

219 We have found that chondrogenesis in limb bud micromass cultures similarly entails a loss of

220 ucleotides to manipulate Barx2 expression in limb bud micromass cultures, we determined that Barx2 is

221 using several mammalian cell lines and chick limb bud micromass cultures, we determined that mutant R

222 In limb bud micromass cultures, which faithfully mimic in v

223 ndrogenesis were examined in E11.5 long-term limb bud micromass cultures.

224 ed light on the cellular basis of vertebrate limb bud morphogenesis and uncover new layers to the seq

225 findings imply that IRX3/5 coordinate early limb bud morphogenesis with skeletal pattern formation.

226 haviour that possibly contributes to altered limb bud morphogenesis.

227 ng limb, and Northern blot analysis of chick limb bud mRNA shows that APBP-1 mRNA expression is inver

228 we provide evidence that Msx1 expression in limb bud muscle precursor cells is dependent on the cano

229 t/TCF and the Msx1/Pax3/MyoD pathways within limb bud muscle precursor cells.

230 pport the expression of the Msx1 gene within limb bud muscle precursor cells.

231 drives the proximal-distal elongation of the limb bud necessary to set the stage for subsequent morph

232 We show that, in the limb bud of the embryonic day 9.5 embryo, where Hoxd is

233 In the limb buds of both p63 and Dlx5;Dlx6 murine models of SHF

234 ive tumor edges, and in the neural crest and limb buds of mouse embryos.

235 In developing limb buds of mutant mice, chondrogenic differentiation o

236 f cWnt signaling to specify osteoblasts from limb bud or bone marrow progenitors.

237 mbinase expression to inactivate Hes1 in the limb bud or in osteoblasts.

238 does not regulate myogenic initiation in the limb bud or maintenance in the first or second branchial

239 loping eye, brain, mandibular processes, and limb buds or pectoral fins.

240 ike cells, the developmental ontology of the limb bud, or definitive endoderm.

241 Sonic hedgehog (Shh) expression in the limb bud organizing centre called the zone of polarizing

242 Together with previous lineage studies of limb buds, our results indicate that, at the pelvic leve

243 ollowed by their extension from the proximal limb bud out onto the thorax.

244 limb bud initiation (Pitx1, Tbx4, Tbx5), and limb bud outgrowth (Shh, Fgf10), and studied their expre

245 Limb bud outgrowth in chicken embryos is initiated durin

246 icle morphogenesis as well as the AER during limb bud outgrowth in humans, whereas it is not required

247 Limb bud outgrowth is driven by signals in a positive fe

248 revealed an obligatory role for COUP-TFII in limb bud outgrowth since mutant cells are unable to cont

249 to play a critical role in the initiation of limb bud outgrowth via restriction of Fgf10 expression t

250 hindlimb field confirms its requirement for limb bud outgrowth.

251 n the brain, peripheral nerves, spinal cord, limb buds, palate, heart, and otic vesicles.

252 t to be a key signaling molecule involved in limb bud patterning along the proximodistal or anteropos

253 Med31 mutants have normal limb bud patterning but defective or delayed chondrogene

254 ist1 activity thresholds contribute to early limb bud patterning, and suggest how particular combinat

255 s an in vivo requirement for BBS function in limb bud patterning.

256 ite segmentation, it is essential for proper limb bud positioning.

257 cellular automaton model for the behavior of limb bud precartilage mesenchymal cells undergoing chond

258 pattern formation, IRX3/5 help to shape the limb bud primordium by promoting the separation and inte

259 ectodermal or mesenchymal compartment of the limb bud receives the Jagged2 signal.

260 n the posterior mesenchyme of the developing limb bud regulates patterning and growth of the developi

261 ascades that control apoptosis in developing limb buds remain largely unclear.

262 but only ACM can rescue MNs after unilateral limb bud removal.

263 tissue and molecular interactions within the limb bud required for patterning and morphogenesis of th

264 Proper outgrowth of the limb bud requires a positive feedback loop between Sonic

265 In the mouse, limb bud-restricted spatiotemporal Shh expression occurs

266 Analysis of the compound mutant limb buds revealed that, in addition to sustaining cell

267 In addition, anterior limb buds show aberrant Gli3 processing, consistent with

268 romosome conformation capture from embryonic limb buds showed that the enhancer cluster activated sev

269 tant embryos exhibited growth defects in the limb buds similar to those of Hand2 null embryos.

270 on of these signals is essential to restrict limb bud size.

271 of known P-D patterning markers and overall limb-bud size.

272 correlates with the spatiotemporal domain of limb bud-specific Shh expression, but close Shh and ZRS

273 posterior limb margins over a wide range of limb bud stages.

274 trongly expressed in the pharyngeal arch and limb bud, supporting a site- and stage-specific requirem

275 d distal regions of genes more frequently in limb buds than in male gonads, while SOX9 bound to the p

276 is a secreted molecule made in the posterior limb bud that affects patterning and development of mult

277 s expressed in muscle precursor cells of the limb bud that also express Pax3.

278 ubapical mesenchymal cells of the developing limb bud that are undergoing proliferation, directed mig

279 ide evidence from mouse conditional knockout limb buds that the bHLH family transcription factor gene

280 hin neighboring subregions of the developing limb bud, the compound patterns did not show signs of cr

281 primitive mesenchymal cells of the embryonic limb bud, the EF mice were noted to have a number of dev

282 sitioning of the limbs, the formation of the limb bud, the establishment of the principal limb axes,

283 In the developing limb bud, the expression of HMGN1 is complementary to So

284 e critical signaling center of the posterior limb bud, the Zone of Polarizing Activity (ZPA), as has

285 gl2 alters the shape and dimensions of early limb buds: the width and thickness are increased, wherea

286 e limb buds, and analysis in E10.5 dissected limb buds themselves, we show that there is a loss of po

287 ating and extending axons to the base of the limb bud, they display spontaneous, highly rhythmic, and

288 lock in polarizing region cells of the chick limb bud times the duration of Sonic hedgehog (Shh) expr

289 caused by a higher liquid-like cohesivity of limb bud tissue compared with flank.

290 odermal ridge (AER) at the distal tip of the limb bud to direct outgrowth along the proximal to dista

291 uced by this effect will cause the incipient limb bud to phase separate from the surrounding flank, w

292 Through analysis of the early limb bud transcriptome, we identified a posteriorly-enri

293 ic expression of Chrdl1 throughout the avian limb bud using viral misexpression resulted in an oligod

294 idge (AER) at the distal tip of the tetrapod limb bud was shown to produce signals necessary for deve

295 ressed in the apical ectodermal ridge in the limb bud, we demonstrate that the Fgf9-/- limb phenotype

296 expression to the marginal mesenchyme of the limb bud, we undertook a series of grafting and extirpat

297 ssues including, classically, the developing limb bud where it controls digit number and identity.

298 e of limb level somites and migrate into the limb bud where they form the dorsal and ventral muscle m

299 In the limb bud, Wnt5a signaling gradient controls limb elongat

300 created and screened an E11.5-E12.5, distal limb bud yeast two-hybrid prey library.