ライフサイエンスコーパス: luminance

1 get differed from the background only by the luminance.

2 als impair spatial vision when combined with luminance.

3 instructed to attend orientation relative to luminance.

4 definition of color as being independent of luminance.

5 ng 20% of trials contained a brief change of luminance.

6 ixed but varies with every change of ambient luminance.

7 they maintained stable responses within each luminance.

8 nued with progressively increasing levels of luminance.

9 ce decrements, independent of the background luminance.

10 to encoding contrast modulations around mean luminance.

11 l features, such as motion energy or (local) luminance.

12 isual system to estimate depth from relative luminance.

13 y response where the pupil size changes with luminance.

14 retinal sensitivity at scotopic and photopic luminances.

15 cing the blind spot at scotopic and photopic luminances.

16 in M-P streams in macaque: (1) color versus luminance, (2) binocular disparity, (3) luminance contra

17 rs using a questionnaire that focused on low luminance activities (LLQ) than one focused on daytime a

18 ts' decline in self-reported problems in low luminance activities emphasizes the importance of questi

19 isual acuity, Smith-Kettlewell Institute low-luminance acuity score, and reading speed.

20 ity, and results of the Smith-Kettlewell low-luminance acuity test (SKILL).

21 While luminance adaptation can begin at the retinal photorecep

22 hysics of color vision, temporal vision, and luminance adaptation.

23 ported joint tuning of V1 cells for relative luminance and binocular disparity is well matched to a p

24 mmercial filter designed for this purpose on luminance and chromatic contrast response, estimated wit

25 We investigated if luminance and chromatic signals comparably sustain proce

26 movements provides the signals for detecting luminance and color edges in natural scenes.

27 aces with averted or directed gaze, with the luminance and color of face stimuli calibrated to select

28 circadian entrainment, and may contribute to luminance and color perception.

29 embedded in complex scenes that vary in both luminance and colour.

30 Luminance and contrast are two major attributes of objec

31 Luminance and contrast information received by visual ne

32 primary visual cortex (V1) to stimuli whose luminance and contrast were simultaneously changed by 50

33 The visual system does this by adapting to luminance and contrast.

34 nvisible stimuli increased with the stimulus luminance and decreased with the stimulus complexity.

35 ages by exaggerating the correlation between luminance and depth.

36 en perfectly matching the average background luminance and independent of the elementary motion of an

37 luded a pre-processing stage involving local-luminance and local-contrast "gain control", a "blob ana

38 Both normal-luminance and low-luminance visual acuities were measure

39 Previous work has shown that luminance and luminance gradients are important in glow

40 rate their responses with small increases in luminance and need bright backgrounds to approach the li

41 opaque depending on the relationship between luminance and perceived 3D surface orientation, (ii) ill

42 and parvocellular ganglion cell responses to luminance and red-green modulations, respectively.

43 des (LEDs) with low turn-on voltages, higher luminance and sharp, color-pure electroluminescence are

44 mains are found with both uniform changes in luminance and single light/dark edges, and include neuro

45 This is accomplished by the introduction of luminance and spatial noise thereby eliminating these tw

46 Here we studied the impact of stimulus luminance and stimulus complexity on the extent of uncon

47 ized by physical attributes relating to both luminance and texture.

48 Outstanding luminance and transparency are essential for such "see-t

49 o first-order stimuli, defined by changes in luminance, and global features of second-order stimuli,

50 e substrate than rock pool crabs for colour, luminance, and pattern.

51 while keeping the chromaticity, the average luminance, and the skewness constant.

52 y functions identified distinct profiles for luminance- and texture-defined gratings across spatial f

53 ese results establish that the processing of luminance- and texture-defined information develop diffe

54 n of boundaries defined by first-order cues (luminance) as well as second-order cues (contrast, textu

55 s in the upper left quadrant, oscillating in luminance at different frequencies (individual alpha fre

56 isual objects or gaze cause counterchange of luminance at high-contrast borders.

57 isual objects or gaze cause counterchange of luminance at high-contrast borders.

58 g started with dark-adapted eyes and a scene luminance attenuated 8 log units from the maximum attain

59 ings highlight the importance of pattern and luminance based camouflage properties, and the effective

60 on more complex stimulus features than local luminance-based cues was used to classify the novel stim

61 rs similar to those well-established for the luminance-based motion of objects in space are applied t

62 rmance limitations of existing chromatic and luminance-based sensing techniques.

63 ea, best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), low-luminance BCVA, and low-luminance visual acuity deficit.

64 m does not only rely on differences in local luminance but can also take into account differences in

65 re often defined, not only by differences in luminance, but also by "second-order" contrast or textur

66 are typically associated with differences in luminance, but discontinuities in texture also play an i

67 position, scalable to a wide range of visual luminance, but with an aspect-ratio and an extent much l

68 But how the polarity of luminance change is represented in the activity of corti

69 such as contraction, wide-field rotation or luminance change.

70 n also varied with a bouton's preference for luminance changes and direction or axis of motion, with

71 These movements yield abrupt luminance changes on the retina, which elicit robust neu

72 ional motion information from spatiotemporal luminance changes on the retina.

73 We found that response tuning to luminance changes precedes tuning to contrast changes in

74 eurons, the onset time of response tuning to luminance changes was shorter than that to contrast chan

75 hocuproine layer yields a 3-fold increase in luminance compared to the unmodified device.

76 correlation, and visual difficulty under low luminance conditions, as measured by Low Luminance Quest

77 n difficulties seeing at night and under low luminance conditions.

78 This implies a hypersensitivity to low luminance contrast and abnormal rapid blood oxygenation

79 One stimulus had low luminance contrast and moved with high coherence, wherea

80 st that aposematic prey patterns with a high luminance contrast can benefit from increased survival t

81 human vision performs spatial integration of luminance contrast energy, where signals are squared and

82 more than one feature domain, we found that luminance contrast has a dominant effect in determining

83 contrast in warning patterns to test if high luminance contrast in aposematic signals is important fo

84 lso highlights the importance of considering luminance contrast in future work investigating why apos

85 stems theory across cortical depth holds for luminance contrast manipulations in sub-millimeter lamin

86 monotonic-saturating increase of firing with luminance contrast of the stimulus and are able to adapt

87 Regardless of whether it is for detecting luminance contrast or for recognizing objects in a clutt

88 Luminance contrast sensitivity and colour vision are con

89 0 hue test (FM 100), and measurements of the luminance contrast sensitivity at 11 spatial frequencies

90 rsus luminance, (2) binocular disparity, (3) luminance contrast sensitivity, (4) peak spatial frequen

91 of the chromatic content in the noise on the luminance contrast threshold was also investigated.

92 Luminance contrast threshold was dependent on the chroma

93 noise saturation conditions and compared to luminance contrast thresholds estimated using the same t

94 In this current study estimate of luminance contrast thresholds were conducted using a nov

95 The luminance contrast thresholds were estimated for differe

96 locations was guided by a different feature (luminance contrast).

97 amplitude across cortical depth scales with luminance contrast, and that this scaling is identical a

98 d that their selectivity strongly depends on luminance contrast, shifting to higher spatial frequenci

99 eractions among basic stimulus dimensions of luminance contrast, spatial frequency, and temporal freq

100 pended lawfully on stimulation intensity and luminance contrast.

101 hat they contain a high level of achromatic (luminance) contrast, for example, many warning signals c

102 The most well-known properties are the luminance, contrast, and similarity of the background to

103 , where each bin corresponds to a particular luminance, contrast, and similarity.

104 of boundaries that are invariant to the cue (luminance, contrast, texture, motion) that defines them.

105 culate nucleus was only modulated by 3 to 9% luminance contrasts compared to controls.

106 of the superior colliculus responses to the luminance contrasts compared to controls.

107 For this, we use stimuli with different luminance contrasts to elicit different BOLD response am

108 on level-dependent signal saturation to high luminance contrasts.

109 ues, including both first-order cues-such as luminance correlation over time-and second-order cues, b

110 ter response suppression in boutons tuned to luminance decrements versus increments, and in boutons p

111 crease their responses roughly linearly with luminance decrements, independent of the background lumi

112 lectively tuned to a diverse range of narrow luminance decrements.

113 features, to which we have now added narrow luminance decrements.

114 Low-luminance deficit (LLD) was calculated as the difference

115 VA), low-luminance visual acuity (LLVA), low-luminance deficit (LLD), microperimetry percent-reduced

116 0.0278), low-luminance VA (P = 0.0010), low-luminance deficit (P = 0.0031), and mesopic (P = 0.0018)

117 ally significant correlation between the low-luminance deficit at baseline and the progression of GA

118 sions and tended to increase as baseline low-luminance deficit increased (all patients).

119 Low-luminance deficit was significantly worse at the final v

120 of vision (low-luminance visual acuity, low-luminance deficit, and microperimetric sensitivity) from

121 ual acuity, low luminance visual acuity, low luminance deficit, contrast sensitivity, light sensitivi

122 mixed cones and rods (low-luminance VA, low-luminance deficit, mesopic light sensitivity), or rods (

123 e measured throughout the study, and the low-luminance deficits were calculated as the difference bet

124 Sensitivity to luminance-defined gratings reached maturity in childhood

125 in develops is based largely on the study of luminance-defined information processing.

126 al representations were less robust than for luminance-defined stimuli.

127 chanisms underlying the visual perception of luminance-defined surfaces and the preference for black

128 in the water column to remain cryptic at iso-luminance depth.

129 The extent of spatial integration for luminance detection (Ricco's area) and object recognitio

130 t of spatial integration required for either luminance detection or object recognition.

131 acutes exhibited spontaneous improvements in luminance detection perimetry, but spontaneous recovery

132 n discrimination and integration, as well as luminance detection perimetry, just as it does in chroni

133 In this study, we used a speeded luminance detection task.

134 to undescribed vertebrate pathway that links luminance detection to motor output.

135 improvements in subacutes were restricted to luminance detection; discrimination abilities only recov

136 n backgrounds, by varying contrast along the luminance dimension and along the two cone-opponent colo

137 ent Gabors was modulated along single colour/luminance dimensions or co-modulated along multiple dime

138 ial noise to mask the use of these cues in a luminance discrimination task.

139 e inverse rationale could also be applied to luminance discrimination, if spatial and chromatic noise

140 Manipulating the SD of the luminance distribution affected not only the expected ta

141 igate how the standard deviation (SD) of the luminance distribution of food images influences the per

142 d a novel AR system capable of modifying the luminance distribution of foods in real-time using dynam

143 tlined here was used to change the SD of the luminance distribution of the food while keeping the chr

144 rance properties (specifically the SD of the luminance distribution while keeping other aspects of im

145 mato ketchup (Experiment 2) having different luminance distributions and evaluated the taste on sampl

146 ontains information about both direction and luminance downstream neurons are faced with the challeng

147 scales describing functional problems in low luminance: driving, emotional distress, mobility, extrem

148 on voltage (3 and 4 V) and exhibited maximum luminance efficiencies of 0.62, 0.57, and 1.9 cd/A and b

149 trate an operational lifetime to 90% initial luminance estimated at over 20 000 h at 100 cd m(-2) .

150 voke first-order mechanisms exploiting local luminance features.

151 y are well established (e.g., sensitivity to luminance flicker is substantially higher on mean-gray s

152 splayed behavioral responses to increases in luminance, flicker, coarse spatial patterns, and element

153 wide-field neurons respond to low-frequency luminance fluctuations.

154 f features present in the world-contrast and luminance for vision, pitch and intensity for sound-and

155 s hypothesis by manipulating the contrast of luminance gradients and the surface geometries to which

156 Previous work has shown that luminance and luminance gradients are important in glow perception [1,

157 We show that (i) identical luminance gradients can appear either translucent or opa

158 ivid illusory motion in stationary, periodic luminance gradients that contain no true motion.

159 responses to drifting and contrast-reversing luminance gratings as well as contrast modulation gratin

160 nt, small-molecule, green OLEDs with maximum luminance >/=10 000 cd m(-2) , maximum luminous efficien

161 sent spatiotemporally modulated UV and green luminance in any region of the visual field of an awake,

162 ulation responses to abrupt local changes of luminance in cat V1.

163 d decreases) induced by simple light pulses, luminance increases, and naturalistic movies in treated

164 The spatial arrangement of luminance increments (ON) and decrements (OFF) falling o

165 vertebrates, evidence supports separation of luminance increments and decrements (ON and OFF channels

166 tic constriction of the pupil in response to luminance increments.

167 its with ON as well as OFF responses to fast luminance increments.

168 to flicker at 11 Hz (test) at constant mean luminance induced a slow reduction of PERG amplitude to

169 at the rate of statistics not available from luminance information alone.

170 t to the SC have been reported to carry only luminance information and not color information.

171 Most neurons carried luminance information in the early response stage, while

172 while all neurons carried both contrast and luminance information in the late response stage.

173 it a turn-on voltage of 2.4 V, and a maximum luminance intensity of 15 960 cd m(-2) at 8.5 V.

174 (EQE) of 14% at 1000 cd m(-2); their maximum luminance is 4.5 x 10(4) cd m(-2) (corresponding to an E

175 sponse suggests that cortical processing for luminance is not as slow as previously thought.

176 that during natural viewing the response to luminance is suppressed, leaving a relatively pure motio

177 using split-grating stimuli constructed from luminance (L), luminance-modulated noise (LM) and contra

178 s are recombined in postreceptoral channels [luminance, L + M; red-green, L - M; blue-yellow, S - (L

179 ts demonstrated remnant cone vision but at a luminance level 2 log brighter than normal.

180 with scotopically-matched test trials at any luminance level even though they were able to perform co

181 trol participants, passed MLMT at the lowest luminance level tested (1 lux), demonstrating maximum po

182 ched control trials were interleaved at each luminance level to determine the existence of any vision

183 They encode global luminance levels critical for light-mediated non-image f

184 one vision at 5 log attenuation and brighter luminance levels.

185 points such as ETDRS visual acuity (VA), low luminance (LL) 2.0ND ETDRS VA, MNREAD as well as newly d

186 udy investigated how contrast sensitivity to luminance- (luminance-modulated noise) and texture-defin

187 ed with the LC, the results suggest that non-luminance-mediated changes in pupil diameter might refle

188 a, and ability to perform standardised multi-luminance mobility testing (MLMT) within the luminance r

189 l relationship between superimposed periodic luminance-modulated (LM) and contrast-modulated (CM) sti

190 n discrimination task involving first-order, luminance-modulated gratings to the contrast-modulated g

191 less selective to contrast-modulated than to luminance-modulated gratings, but respond with broadly s

192 ting stimuli constructed from luminance (L), luminance-modulated noise (LM) and contrast-modulated no

193 ated how contrast sensitivity to luminance- (luminance-modulated noise) and texture-defined (contrast

194 l relationship between superimposed periodic luminance modulation (LM) and contrast modulation (CM) s

195 onger surface-related activation to negative luminance modulation.

196 were stimulated with flickering, full-field luminance noise at all times.

197 a half-lifetime of over 250 h at an initial luminance of 100 cd m(-2).

198 and 74.5 lm W(-1) for power efficiency at a luminance of 1000 cd m(-2) , which maintained the high l

199 ts an estimated LT97 of 2057 h at an initial luminance of 1000 cd m(-2) , while maintaining an extern

200 e initial luminance) of > 60 h at an initial luminance of 1000 cd m(-2) .

201 nic devices can achieve a non-output coupled luminance of 25,900 cd/m(2) with power efficiencies that

202 RGCs, we used a 1-second 470-nm flash with a luminance of 250 cd/m(2).

203 tors, we used a 1-second 640-nm flash with a luminance of 250 cd/m(2).

204 H3NH3PbBr3/F8/Ca/Ag structure, we achieved a luminance of 364 cd m(-2) at a current density of 123 mA

205 The device is demonstrated with a maximum luminance of 730 cd/m(2) and power efficiency of 1.7 lm/

206 D has a long lifetime of 96 h at its initial luminance of 730 cd/m(2), primarily due to the fact that

207 ticipants attended either the orientation or luminance of a peripheral grating.

208 gh voltage stress, a burst of extremely high luminance of over 30,000 cd/m(2) was observed.

209 (bpy)(+) was used in the emissive layer, the luminance of red-orange-colored light was enhanced by a

210 t affect detection thresholds, including the luminance of the background, the contrast of the backgro

211 We found that the perceived luminance of the frogs changed depending on the immediat

212 ns they are also sensitive to changes in the luminance of the stationary stimulus.

213 These implants encode luminance of the visual scene into electrical stimulatio

214 By modulating the luminance of visual stimuli and the amplitude of auditor

215 29 nm, and a T80 (time to 80% of the initial luminance) of > 60 h at an initial luminance of 1000 cd

216 monstrate operational lifetimes (50% initial luminance) of 36 h at an elevated driving current of 20

217 s to increases and the other to decreases in luminance (ON and OFF responses).

218 report increasing visual problems under low luminance or glare conditions, yet there is limited unde

219 boundaries defined by differences either in luminance or in texture contrast.

220 IAF and 5 Hz luminance oscillations modulated detection performance a

221 We achieve sky-blue LEDs with a record luminance over 5100 cd/m(2) at 489 nm, and an operating

222 ignal prior light exposure and environmental luminance over long periods of time.

223 Photoreceptors adapt to changes in luminance over multiple time scales ranging from tens of

224 rom ion migration, which causes overshoot of luminance over time during operation and reduces its ope

225 e 3D/2D hybrid PeLEDs with extremely reduced luminance overshoot and 21 times longer operational life

226 The luminance overshoot ratio of 3D/2D hybrid PeLED is only

227 re rare, despite the separation of color and luminance pathways early in the visual system of many sp

228 oes not generalize to contrast perception or luminance perception.

229 OLEDs reached a peak current efficiency and luminance performance of 48 cd/A and 93,000 cd/m(2), res

230 Different luminance-polarities increased N2 amplitude only, sugges

231 monstrate a robust modular representation of luminance polarity (ON or OFF) in the superficial layers

232 spatial configuration, shape complexity, and luminance polarity of elements affect numerosity estimat

233 considering how color processing complements luminance processing, rather than being independent of i

234 Here, we discover that ambient luminance profoundly transforms how mouse primary visual

235 We investigate whether responses on a Low Luminance Questionnaire (LLQ) in patients with a range o

236 Patient-reported responses on a Low Luminance Questionnaire (LLQ) were obtained at baseline

237 ficulties in daytime activities, and the Low Luminance Questionnaire (LLQ) where items are focused on

238 low luminance conditions, as measured by Low Luminance Questionnaire (LLQ).

239 luminance mobility testing (MLMT) within the luminance range evaluated, were eligible.

240 a diffuse transition from background to frog luminance rather than a sharp, highly salient edge.

241 l stimulus presentation regardless of target luminance relative to background, and auditory stimuli a

242 ERG cone and rod luminance response functions were recorded in 150 patien

243 The early luminance response suggests that cortical processing for

244 with a computational model that uses greater luminance/response saturation in ON than OFF pathways an

245 We first replicated the luminance results on human observers and found unexpecte

246 We investigated the effects of changing the luminance SD distribution of Baumkuchen (a German baked

247 ctory bulb innervate the retina and increase luminance sensitivity.

248 arized light following its conversion into a luminance signal by diattenuating macular structures.

249 d and eye movements incessantly modulate the luminance signals impinging onto the retina during natur

250 Luminance signals of each wavelength and color signals p

251 esults strongly suggest that ipRGCs transmit luminance signals retrogradely to the outer retina throu

252 rection causes these delayed and non-delayed luminance signals to arrive simultaneously at a subseque

253 the retina make little or no contribution to luminance signals, leading to the conclusion that S-cone

254 object contours which are already defined by luminance signals, or are these processes unaffected by

255 cells are key integrators of vestibular and luminance signals.

256 When the two squares changed luminance simultaneously in opposite polarities, we dete

257 Responses to both color and luminance squares early after stimulus onset were simila

258 Overall responses to whole-field luminance steps did not vary with the position of the SI

259 uiring a saccade either toward a large, high-luminance stimulus or the inhibition of this prepotent r

260 se in favor of a saccade toward a small, low-luminance stimulus.

261 he stimulus presentation whereas response to luminance surfaces showed a slow neuronal 'filling-in' o

262 ond to positive (white) and negative (black) luminance surfaces, and the stronger contribution of V1

263 echanisms that compute local contrast, local luminance temporal modulations in the black and white di

264 We measure the relative brightness of mid-luminance test disks embedded in gray-scale images, and

265 cts can be defined by several "cues" (color, luminance, texture, etc.), and humans can integrate sens

266 uits that process spatio-temporal changes in luminance to extract visual motion cues have been the fo

267 nce detectors and provide a local measure of luminance to regulate functional adaptation in the mamma

268 Even figures that are similar in pattern and luminance to the visual surroundings can be distinguishe

269 veral perceptual dimensions (color, texture, luminance) to improve recognition.

270 Across each luminance transition, most ganglion cells exhibited qual

271 ct, rather than its size per se or change in luminance, triggered the escape response.

272 to produce low- cost light source with high luminance, using TADF molecules.

273 worse contrast sensitivity (P = 0.0278), low-luminance VA (P = 0.0010), low-luminance deficit (P = 0.

274 ive foci also were associated with worse low-luminance VA (P = 0.0117).

275 rast sensitivity), mixed cones and rods (low-luminance VA, low-luminance deficit, mesopic light sensi

276 filtering operations on the pixels' absolute luminance value.

277 s temporal structure not only at the rate of luminance variations, but also at the rate of statistics

278 y restricted compared with the corresponding luminance variations.

279 compare the progression of self-reported low luminance visibility problems and self-reported visibili

280 study introduces a new method to investigate luminance vision intended for both basic science and cli

281 Both normal-luminance and low-luminance visual acuities were measured throughout the s

282 ded best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), low-luminance visual acuity (LLVA), low-luminance deficit (L

283 st-corrected visual acuity (P = 0.0444), low-luminance visual acuity (P = 0.0151), and light sensitiv

284 gic features were associated with poorer low-luminance visual acuity and rod-mediated dark adaptation

285 l acuity (BCVA), low-luminance BCVA, and low-luminance visual acuity deficit.

286 and 12 months for control participants; low luminance visual acuity was performed at baseline and at

287 anges in best-corrected visual acuity or low luminance visual acuity were identified in all groups ov

288 tions were also measured: visual acuity, low luminance visual acuity, low luminance deficit, contrast

289 raphics and clinical measures of vision (low-luminance visual acuity, low-luminance deficit, and micr

290 en study groups in the rate of change of low-luminance visual acuity, microperimetric mean sensitivit

291 in best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), low-luminance visual acuity, microperimetric mean sensitivit

292 ction decline, including microperimetry, low-luminance visual acuity, reading speed assessments, and

293 Microperimetric sensitivity and low luminance visual acuity.

294 squares, which simultaneously counterchanged luminance, we discovered propagating activity that was s

295 The device produces constant luminance when stretched up to an area strain of 1500%.

296 perception of temporal contrast (changes in luminance with time) at mesopic light levels, where both

297 h (time to 80% of the 1,000 cd m(-2) initial luminance) with a chromaticity coordinate of (0.16, 0.31

298 h (time to 80% of the 1,000 cd m(-2) initial luminance) with chromaticity coordinates of [0.15, 0.29]

299 itions has indicated a substantially greater luminance within the uterus than previously thought [5].

300 This passive change in luminance, without significant modification of hue, sugg