ライフサイエンスコーパス: marinum

1 e secreted protein fraction of Mycobacterium marinum.

2 colony-forming units in aged cultures of M. marinum.

3 nits from frogs chronically infected with M. marinum.

4 ns of innate susceptibility to Mycobacterium marinum.

5 a where they are productively infected by M. marinum.

6 affect macrophage infection by Mycobacterium marinum.

7 rulence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and M. marinum.

8 the virulence of both M. tuberculosis and M. marinum.

9 hat oxyR is not critical for virulence in M. marinum.

10 usively at the actin-polymerizing pole of M. marinum.

11 onin support intracellular replication of M. marinum.

12 he fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster with M. marinum.

13 ible to tuberculosis caused by Mycobacterium marinum.

14 culosis, and 85.9% homology to Mycobacterium marinum.

15 nfection of J774 macrophage-like cells by M. marinum.

16 Cultures of a biopsy of the lesion grew M. marinum.

17 in the nontuberculous pathogen Mycobacterium marinum.

18 dentified immediately upstream of katG in M. marinum.

19 inst predation by the marine ciliate Uronema marinum.

20 trates in ESX-1 function and secretion in M. marinum.

21 iron uptake and PDIM and PGL synthesis in M. marinum.

22 and human THP-1 macrophages infected with M. marinum.

23 acterium Bacillus subtilis, or Mycobacterium marinum.

24 igosaccharide IV (LOS-IV) from Mycobacterium marinum.

25 are important for bacterial virulence of M. marinum.

26 ical medium, correlates with virulence in M. marinum.

27 ysis of culture filtrates from Mycobacterium marinum.

28 , Mycobacterium bovis BCG, and Mycobacterium marinum.

29 .46 degrees C (53.69 to 55.23 degrees C); M. marinum, 58.91 degrees C (58.28 to 59.55 degrees C); rap

30 rty-two slowly growing NTM, including 7/7 M. marinum, 7/7 M. kansasii, and 7/11 of other less commonl

31 ial response of neutrophils to Mycobacterium marinum, a close genetic relative of M. tuberculosis use

32 tation in the erp homologue of Mycobacterium marinum, a close genetic relative of M. tuberculosis.

33 ible to tuberculosis caused by Mycobacterium marinum, a close genetic relative of the causative agent

34 Mycobacterium marinum, a close relative of the human pathogen Mycobact

35 ture determination of NAT from Mycobacterium marinum, a close relative of the pathogenic Mycobacteriu

36 Finally, we show that Mycobacterium marinum, a model organism for M. tuberculosis, encounter

37 equences during infection with Mycobacterium marinum, a natural fish pathogen.

38 Mycobacterium marinum, a natural pathogen of fish and frogs and an occ

39 Here we show that Mycobacterium marinum, a natural pathogen of fish and frogs and an occ

40 r lytic activity, we leveraged Mycobacterium marinum, a nontubercular pathogen and a model for Mycoba

41 use of human tuberculosis, and Mycobacterium marinum, a nontubercular pathogen with a broad host rang

42 Mycobacterium marinum, a relatively rapid-growing fish and human patho

43 rine RAW264.7 macrophages with Mycobacterium marinum, a surrogate model organism for M. tuberculosis,

44 Mycobacterium marinum, a well-recognized cutaneous pathogen, is usuall

45 bited granulomas and tolerated persistent M. marinum accumulation.

46 acting protein, and Cdc42 does not affect M. marinum actin tail formation, excluding the participatio

47 -binding basic motif in N-WASP eliminates M. marinum actin tail formation.

48 dentification and characterization of the M. marinum actin-based motility factor designated mycobacte

49 Challenge with Mycobacterium marinum activated Th1-mediated immune protective respons

50 M. marinum AhpC levels detected by immunoblotting, were inc

51 In the environment, M. marinum also interacts with amoebae, which may serve as

52 ubstrate pair EsxB_1/EsxA_1 in Mycobacterium marinum Although this substrate pair was hardly secreted

53 In Mycobacterium marinum, an established model for ESX-1 secretion in Myc

54 e inactivated the oxyR gene in Mycobacterium marinum, an organism used to model M. tuberculosis patho

55 ind to the oxyR-ahpC promoter region from M. marinum and additional mycobacterial species.

56 constructs between MycP(1) and MycP(5) in M. marinum and analyzed their effect on ESX-1 and ESX-5 sec

57 , the opportunistic strains M. abscessus, M. marinum and M. avium, and the nonpathogenic strain M. sm

58 recent publication in PNAS reported that M. marinum and M. bovis bacillus Calmette-Guerin produce a

59 teriostatic/bactericidal activity against M. marinum and M. tuberculosis in vitro.

60 of the closely related species Mycobacterium marinum and Mycobacterium avium harboring insertions in

61 to characterize an outbreak of Mycobacterium marinum and other nontuberculous mycobacterial skin and

62 including Saprochaete suaveolens, Geotrichum marinum and Saprochaete gigas were diverging significant

63 no-glycerol, was purified from Mycobacterium marinum and subsequently identified as a 5-O-mycolyl-bet

64 f mariner-based transposon mutagenesis of M. marinum and that M. marinum can be used to study the fun

65 e opportunistic human pathogen Mycobacterium marinum and the characterization of this mutant and its

66 cobacterial pathogenesis using Mycobacterium marinum and the goldfish, Carassius auratus.

67 Interestingly, mel(2) is unique to M. marinum and the M. tuberculosis complex and not present

68 The largest regulon is observed in M. marinum and the smallest in M. abscessus.

69 ely related to M. ulcerans and Mycobacterium marinum, and as further evidence is gathered, it will mo

70 bacterial models, including M. bovis BCG, M. marinum, and M. smegmatis have significantly contributed

71 Mycobacterium ulcerans and Mycobacterium marinum are closely related pathogens which share an aqu

72 te that the levels of ESX-1 substrates in M. marinum are fine-tuned by negative feedback control, lin

73 Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium marinum are thought to exert virulence, in part, through

74 with Salmonella typhimurium or Mycobacterium marinum at earlier stages of development, the innate imm

75 Xenopus laevis to study host responses to M. marinum at two distinct life stages, tadpole and adult.

76 SX-5a deletion mutant in the model system M. marinum background was deficient in the secretion of som

77 mplex protein mixture from the Mycobacterium marinum bacterial secretome.

78 Intracellular M. marinum blocked vacuolar acidification and failed to col

79 etic loci required for ESX-1 secretion in M. marinum but also provide an explanation for the observed

80 hese genes in M. bovis, M. bovis BCG, and M. marinum but not in several other Mycobacterium species,

81 or ESX-5-mediated secretion in Mycobacterium marinum, but for which the role in secretion is not know

82 e in the virulence of M. tuberculosis and M. marinum, but the precise molecular and cellular mechanis

83 olated from the photochromogen Mycobacterium marinum by heterologous complementation of an M. marinum

84 her LOS composition affects the uptake of M. marinum by professional phagocytes.

85 level, M. ulcerans is distinguished from M. marinum by the presence of a virulence plasmid which enc

86 results in iniBAC induction in Mycobacterium marinum By transposon mutagenesis, we identified that th

87 sposon mutagenesis of M. marinum and that M. marinum can be used to study the function of M. tubercul

88 These findings show that M. marinum can escape into the cytoplasm of infected macrop

89 we find that susceptibility to Mycobacterium marinum can result from either inadequate or excessive a

90 M. marinum causes a chronic granulomatous, nonlethal diseas

91 Mycobacterium marinum causes long-term subclinical granulomatous infec

92 M. marinum causes systemic disease in fish but produces loc

93 Mycobacterium marinum causes tuberculosis-like disease in fish and amp

94 ed substrates indicated that M. bovis and M. marinum cell extracts contain PLC and PLD activities, bu

95 ope, we found that the majority of viable M. marinum cells were in nonacidic vacuoles that did not co

96 This method has enabled us to isolate 12 M. marinum clones that contain promoter constructs differen

97 nts against 60 recent clinical strains of M. marinum collected from 10 geographic sites within the Un

98 However, we were also able to show that M. marinum contains an even larger set of host-specific vir

99 Therefore, M. marinum contains different sets of virulence factors tha

100 num by heterologous complementation of an M. marinum cosmid library in the nonchromogen Mycobacterium

101 vely control esx-1 gene expression in the M. marinum cytoplasm through the conserved WhiB6 transcript

102 . marinum wild-type (WT) strain or by the M. marinum DeltaesxBA complemented strain, M. marinum Delta

103 and found that the esxBA-knockout strain (M. marinum DeltaesxBA) upregulated miR-147 to a level that

104 . marinum DeltaesxBA complemented strain, M. marinum DeltaesxBA/pesxBA, suggesting that the ESX-1 sys

105 We confirm the previous finding that M. marinum DeltaRD1 mutants are attenuated in adult zebrafi

106 Here we show that M. marinum DeltasecA2 was attenuated for virulence in both

107 M. marinum DeltasecA2 was more sensitive to SDS and had uni

108 We describe a case of Mycobacterium marinum demonstrating robust cord formation.

109 omMycobacterium tuberculosisandMycobacterium marinum Determination of the structures of two complexes

110 Inactivation of oxyR in M. marinum did not affect either virulence in a fish infect

111 we describe a laboratory animal model for M. marinum disease in the leopard frog (Rana pipiens), a na

112 ge infection, we conducted a screen of an M. marinum DNA library that provides 2.6-fold coverage of t

113 Interestingly, M. marinum enters fish monocytes at a 40- to 60-fold-higher

114 ude that ESX-1 plays an essential role in M. marinum escape from the MCV.

115 cing pores in MCV membranes, facilitating M. marinum escape from the vacuole and cell-to-cell spread.

116 e results suggest that ESAT-6 secreted by M. marinum ESX-1 could play a direct role in producing pore

117 In this study, we have examined nine M. marinum ESX-1 mutants and the wild type by using fluores

118 We employed a collection of Mycobacterium marinum ESX-1 transposon mutants in a macrophage infecti

119 on macrophages: macrophages infected with M. marinum-expressing PGL-1 also damage axons.

120 Mycobacterium marinum, found commonly in salt water and freshwater, is

121 similarities between M. tuberculosis and M. marinum genes in this region that we designate extRD1 (e

122 ted a library of 200-1000 bp fragments of M. marinum genomic DNA inserted upstream of a promoterless

123 by other methods, 9 were PCR positive for M. marinum group species, 8 were IHC positive, and 3 were p

124 Mycobacterium marinum grows at an optimal temperature of 33 degrees C,

125 We demonstrate here that M. marinum grows within Dictyostelium discoideum cells, all

126 M. marinum has become an important model system for the stu

127 An unusual clade of M. marinum has been reported from fish in the Red and Medit

128 Mycobacterium marinum has recently been used as a model for aspects of

129 tural fish pathogens including Mycobacterium marinum has significantly advanced our understanding of

130 Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium marinum, have up to five of these systems, named ESX-1 t

131 M. marinum hemolysis is a proxy for phagolytic activity.

132 regulation of M. tuberculosis genes whose M. marinum homologs are induced in chronically infected fro

133 Disruption of the M. marinum homologue of Rv3881c, not previously implicated

134 erminants of susceptibility to Mycobacterium marinum identified a hypersusceptible mutant deficient i

135 ver, our results show that, although anti-M. marinum immune responses between tadpoles and adults are

136 pattern and that the LOS pathway used by M. marinum in macrophages is conserved during infection of

137 isplayed synergism with isoniazid against M. marinum in murine macrophages, whereas # 5175552 signifi

138 lna, Sweden) to susceptibility testing of M. marinum in order to assess the activities of eight antim

139 ESX-5a is important for the virulence of M. marinum in the zebrafish model.

140 cells as well as the effects on growth of M. marinum in these cells.

141 However, analysis of Mycobacterium marinum in zebrafish has shown that the early granuloma

142 g M. avium, M. fortuitum, M. gordonae, or M. marinum incubated with various concentrations of ciprofl

143 c siRNA were more resistant to Mycobacterium marinum-induced phagosome arrest, associated with increa

144 for the large-scale longitudinal study of M. marinum-induced tuberculosis in adult zebrafish where bo

145 We provide evidence that M. marinum induces membrane pores approximately 4.5 nm in d

146 that metabolism is profoundly affected in M. marinum-infected flies.

147 Mycobacterium marinum-infected zebrafish are used to study tuberculosi

148 Here, we deploy Mycobacterium marinum-infected zebrafish larvae for in vivo characteri

149 We monitored transparent Mycobacterium marinum-infected zebrafish live to conduct a stepwise di

150 We report a case of cutaneous Mycobacterium marinum infection in a renal transplant recipient.

151 e pathogenesis associated with Mycobacterium marinum infection in the fly.

152 responses in vivo, we studied Mycobacterium marinum infection in two different hosts: an established

153 zebrafish embryos to image the events of M. marinum infection in vivo.

154 Here, we use the zebrafish-Mycobacterium marinum infection model as a whole-animal screening plat

155 e previously developed a zebrafish embryo-M. marinum infection model to study host-pathogen interacti

156 ous granuloma in the zebrafish-Mycobacterium marinum infection model, which is characterized by organ

157 cobacteria growth, we examined Mycobacterium marinum infection of Drosophila S2 cells.

158 Consequently, M. marinum infection of mammals is restricted largely to th

159 approach to track PDIM during Mycobacterium marinum infection of zebrafish.

160 ) using the zebrafish model of Mycobacterium marinum infection provides new insights into the role of

161 We examined organs of frogs with chronic M. marinum infection using transmission electron microscopy

162 mutant zebrafish are hypersusceptible to M. marinum infection, demonstrating that the control of fis

163 protect zebrafish larvae from Mycobacterium marinum infection, suggesting a vulnerability of Ndh-2 i

164 venous and hindbrain routes of Mycobacterium marinum infection, which are indistinguishable by measur

165 ing protein, IipA, in the pathogenesis of M. marinum infection.

166 on is systemically reduced as a result of M. marinum infection.

167 ish models of inflammation and Mycobacterium marinum infection.

168 e empiric drug selection for contemporary M. marinum infections and also provide evidence that the Et

169 rafish embryo infection model that allows M. marinum infections to be visualized in real-time, compar

170 used to identify cases in an outbreak of M. marinum infections.

171 We also found that M. marinum inhibits lysosomal fusion in fish monocytes, ind

172 M. marinum initially proliferated inside the phagocytes of

173 its close pathogenic relative Mycobacterium marinum, initially infect, evade, and exploit macrophage

174 e different, tadpoles are as resistant to M. marinum inoculation as adult frogs.

175 M. marinum inoculation triggered a robust proinflammatory C

176 he co-dependent secretion is required for M. marinum intracellular growth in macrophages, where the M

177 IL-6 and IL-10 and significantly reduced M. marinum intracellular survival.

178 ts of the mimics of their counterparts on M. marinum intracellular survival.

179 increase in transcript levels of the anti-M. marinum invariant TCR rearrangement (iValpha45-Jalpha1.1

180 Mycobacterium marinum is a pathogenic mycobacterial species that is cl

181 Mycobacterium marinum is a promiscuous pathogen infecting many vertebr

182 Mycobacterium marinum is a waterborne pathogen responsible for tubercu

183 Virulent M. marinum is able to escape from the Mycobacterium-contain

184 reconstituting these cells, we find that M. marinum is able to use either WASP or N-WASP to induce a

185 Mycobacterium marinum is an established model for discovering genes in

186 M. marinum is closely related to M. tuberculosis, which cau

187 Mycobacterium marinum is closely related to Mycobacterium tuberculosis

188 M. marinum is closely related to the Mycobacterium tubercul

189 fibroblasts lacking both WASP and N-WASP, M. marinum is incapable of efficient actin polymerization a

190 Actin tail formation by M. marinum is markedly reduced in macrophages deficient in

191 ude that the MMAR_0039 gene in Mycobacterium marinum is required to promote Esx-1 export.

192 d cathepsin D comparable to those for the M. marinum isolate.

193 nstrate the best in vitro potency against M. marinum isolates to be as follows (rank order): trimetho

194 opulation of vesicles that contained live M. marinum labeled with the lysosomal glycoprotein LAMP-1,

195 M. marinum lacking the mag24 gene were less virulent, as de

196 We conclude that M. marinum, like M. tuberculosis, can circumvent the host e

197 Mycobacterium marinum, like Mycobacterium tuberculosis, is a slow-grow

198 ere associated with significantly reduced M. marinum loads.

199 We have found a Mycobacterium marinum locus of two genes that is required for both inv

200 We too find ESX-1 of M. tuberculosis and M. marinum lyses host cell membranes.

201 n whole-cell extracts of M. tuberculosis, M. marinum, M. bovis, and M. bovis BCG, but this activity w

202 M. fortuitum, M. marinum, M. scrofulaceum, M. avium, and M. chelonae grew

203 We recently constructed a Mycobacterium marinum mel2 locus mutant, which is known to affect macr

204 These observations demonstrate that the M. marinum mel2 locus plays a role in resistance to ROS and

205 dentified inhibitors targeting Mycobacterium marinum MelF (Rv1936) by in silico analysis, which exhib

206 Furthermore, the M. marinum melF mutant displays a defect at late stages in

207 ical and infection assays showed that the M. marinum mimG mutant, an Rv3242c orthologue in a pathogen

208 activity was assessed against Mycobacterium marinum (Mm) (a model for Mtb), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (

209 esxA/esxB knockout strains of Mycobacterium marinum (Mm) and Mtb.

210 a in vivo, we used a zebrafish Mycobacterium marinum (Mm) infection tuberculosis model.

211 nd the second vector tested in Mycobacterium marinum (Mm).

212 tudy, we utilize the zebrafish-Mycobacterium marinum model to show mycobacteria drive host hemostasis

213 Here, using the zebrafish-Mycobacterium marinum model, we found that mycobacterial granuloma for

214 In order to advance the utility of the M. marinum model, we have developed efficient transposon mu

215 Using the zebrafish-Mycobacterium marinum model, we identify the basis of granuloma macrop

216 Within 1 day of injection of Mycobacterium marinum, MsNramp expression was highly induced (17-fold

217 We found that an M. marinum mutant with mutation of the first gene in the me

218 M. marinum mutants in genes homologous to Rv3866-Rv3868 als

219 The M. marinum mutants showed decreased virulence in vivo and f

220 sed to identify the loci responsible, and M. marinum mutants were constructed in the genes involved.

221 M. marinum mutants with mutations in mel(1) and mel(2), con

222 Mycobacterium marinum mutants with transposon insertions in the beta-k

223 homologues complemented the corresponding M. marinum mutants, emphasizing the functional similarities

224 In Drosophila infected with Mycobacterium marinum, mycobacterium-induced STAT activity triggered b

225 contrast to M. ulcerans and conventional M. marinum, mycolactone F-producing mycobacteria are incapa

226 We have also determined the structure of M. marinum NAT in complex with CoA, shedding the first ligh

227 ly, the principal CoA recognition site in M. marinum NAT is located some 30 A from the site of CoA re

228 disrupted after infection with Mycobacterium marinum or after sterile damage caused by chemical compo

229 In zebrafish infected with Mycobacterium marinum or Mycobacterium tuberculosis, excess tumor necr

230 Depending on the dose of M. marinum organisms administered, an acute or chronic dise

231 with doses between 10(2) and 10(9) CFU of M. marinum organisms.

232 ntified genes expressed specifically when M. marinum persists within granulomas.

233 M. tuberculosis (and M. marinum) PGL promotes bacterial spread to growth-permiss

234 We characterized the Mycobacterium marinum phagosome by using a variety of endocytic marker

235 its close pathogenic relative Mycobacterium marinum, preferentially recruit and infect permissive ma

236 cytic cells from fish, a natural host for M. marinum, provide an extremely valuable model for the ide

237 in enhanced intracellular replication of M. marinum relative to the control wild-type strain.

238 ike T (iT) cells in host defenses against M. marinum remain unclear.

239 th essential genes of M. tuberculosis and M. marinum, respectively.

240 Furthermore, adult anti-M. marinum responses induced active granuloma formation wit

241 tified 22 gene products from the wildtype M. marinum secretome in a single CZE-tandem mass spectromet

242 In this study, we have examined the M. marinum secretomes and identified four proteins specific

243 tank water, in which case infection with M. marinum should be considered.

244 biopsy can lead to improved diagnosis of M. marinum SSTIs compared to relying solely on mycobacteria

245 An M. marinum strain bearing a transposon-insertion between th

246 t an infection caused by a drug-resistant M. marinum strain in an otherwise healthy patient.

247 zebrafish are exquisitely susceptible to M. marinum strain M.

248 The DeltambtK M. marinum strain was attenuated in macrophage and Galleria

249 We identified a noncytotoxic M. marinum strain with a transposon insertion in a predicte

250 the loss of WhiB6 resulted in a virulent M. marinum strain with reduced ESX-1 secretion.

251 nt, an Rv3242c orthologue in a pathogenic M. marinum strain, was strongly attenuated in adult zebrafi

252 wild type and DeltaRD1 mutant Mycobacterium marinum strains in a zebrafish embryo model of tuberculo

253 Mutation of two PE-PGRS genes produced M. marinum strains incapable of replication in macrophages

254 decreased, and WhiB6 was not detected in M. marinum strains lacking genes encoding ESX-1 components.

255 pe and the complemented DeltamimG:Rv3242c M. marinum strains showed prominent pathological features,

256 in was only marginally active against the M. marinum strains tested (MIC90, at the National Committee

257 d a genetic screen to identify Mycobacterium marinum strains which failed to lyse amoebae.

258 We generated M. marinum strains with deletions in conserved NAT genes an

259 Characterizing a collection of M. marinum strains with in-frame deletions in each of the k

260 Together, these data demonstrate that M. marinum subversion of host actin polymerization is most

261 ila melanogaster infected with Mycobacterium marinum suffer metabolic wasting similar to that seen in

262 ork in zebrafish infected with Mycobacterium marinum suggests that granulomas contribute to early bac

263 that this gene plays additional roles in M. marinum survival in the host.

264 In addition, M. marinum survives and replicates in fish monocytes while

265 el for the three-dimensional structure of M. marinum TesA (TesAmm) and demonstrate that a Ser-to-Ala

266 ble and elicit weaker immune responses to M. marinum than adults.

267 subset of proteins in M. tuberculosis and M. marinum that are important for bacterial virulence of M.

268 M. marinum that polymerized actin were free in the cytoplas

269 scribe an acylase (CmCDA from Cyclobacterium marinum) that catalyzes the N-acylation of glycosamine w

270 the gene expression profile of Mycobacterium marinum, the cause of fish and amphibian tuberculosis, d

271 preferentially expressed when Mycobacterium marinum, the cause of fish and amphibian tuberculosis, r

272 results, 11 of 27 (41%) were positive for M. marinum; the remainder showed no growth.

273 flandii, and the fish pathogen Mycobacterium marinum; the structural diversity in the mycolactone cla

274 d mel(2) are important for the ability of M. marinum to infect host cells.

275 ified two loci that affect the ability of M. marinum to infect macrophages, designated mel(1) and mel

276 ylate can alter the grazing preference of U. marinum to other bacteria in the community, thereby infl

277 vis Bacille Calmette-Guerin or Mycobacterium marinum to thiacetazone, a second line antitubercular dr

278 show here that superinfecting Mycobacterium marinum traffic rapidly into preexisting granulomas, inc

279 have shown that superinfecting Mycobacterium marinum traffic rapidly to established fish and frog gra

280 A screen of Mycobacterium marinum transposon mutant library led to isolation of ei

281 PE_PGRS proteins by screening Mycobacterium marinum transposon mutants for secretion defects.

282 show that flies infected with Mycobacterium marinum undergo a process like wasting: They progressive

283 eloped an in vitro model for the study of M. marinum virulence mechanisms using the carp monocytic ce

284 ylic acid reductase (CAR) from Mycobacterium marinum was found to convert a wide range of aliphatic f

285 erp-deficient M. marinum was growth attenuated in cultured macrophage mon

286 novel locus required for ESX-1 export in M. marinum was identified outside the RD1 locus.

287 M. marinum was isolated from his bone marrow.

288 ence for cell-to-cell spread by wild-type M. marinum was obtained by microscopic detection in macroph

289 Intracellular growth of M. marinum was shown to mimic the properties previously obs

290 um tuberculosis and Mycobacterium leprae, M. marinum was shown to possess a closely linked and diverg

291 insertion mutant (cpsA::Tn) of Mycobacterium marinum was studied.

292 Four reference strains of M. marinum were tested on five occasions with eight drugs (

293 for the intracellular pathogen Mycobacterium marinum whether it uses conserved strategies to exploit

294 levels of ESX-1 substrates in Mycobacterium marinum WhiB6 is a transcription factor that regulates e

295 ped a cutaneous infection with Mycobacterium marinum, which apparently resolved following local heat

296 ificantly higher than that induced by the M. marinum wild-type (WT) strain or by the M. marinum Delta

297 They also suggest that M. marinum will be useful as a model system for studying th

298 be involved in the early interactions of M. marinum with macrophages.

299 Using Mycobacterium marinum-zebrafish and the surrogate MsmRv3242c infection

300 Using the Mycobacterium marinum-zebrafish model, Cronan et al. (2016) now show t