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1 th grey and white matter, suggesting neural 'masculinization'.
2 ed that increased GABA neonatally results in masculinization.
3 to C. elegans caused only very weak, if any, masculinization.
4 imonious explanation for temperature-induced masculinization.
5  female determiner 2 (Nlfmd2) also conferred masculinization.
6 female at birth) take testosterone to induce masculinization.
7  overexpression of MoY in XX embryos induces masculinization.
8 red a concomitant development to ensure male masculinization.
9  conditional deletion of Ihh inhibits penile masculinization.
10 nce testosterone production for hypothalamic masculinization.
11 rogramming by fetal androgen exposure during masculinization.
12 POA and whether they influence developmental masculinization.
13 testosterone production by fetal LC to drive masculinization.
14 rogens, despite their known critical role in masculinization.
15 is ultimately determined by androgen-induced masculinization.
16 ing the pathway of steroid-independent brain masculinization.
17 tivity lead to varying degrees of defects in masculinization.
18           The data reveal that developmental masculinization and fertility are normal in mutant males
19 n is essential for normal reproductive tract masculinization and has highlighted that measuring AGD i
20 astrocytes are also critical contributors to masculinization and illustrate the importance of nonneur
21 yperandrogenism and is an important cause of masculinization and infertility in women.
22 signaling prevents PGE(2)-induced behavioral masculinization and whether activation of glutamate rece
23 reasts, genital feminization, chest, genital masculinization, and experience of care.
24  function, such as Menidia, feminization and masculinization are equally detrimental.
25 ebra finch, steroids that impact song system masculinization are most likely not synthesized from the
26 nalysis of the quantitative genetic basis of masculinization, as indicated by the anogenital distance
27         Testosterone has a key role in brain masculinization, but its direct effects are relatively p
28                                          The masculinization, but not the suppression of XO lethality
29 xposed to endocrine disrupters, specifically masculinization by exposure to androgens and feminizatio
30                       Measures of behavioral masculinization correlate with a twofold increase in spi
31 ren born with congenital genitourinary tract masculinization disorders by array-comparative genomic h
32 tive urogenital traits observed in boys with masculinization disorders such as cryptorchidism, urethr
33 es to dibutyl phthalate (DBP), which induces masculinization disorders, dose-dependently prevented th
34  strongly androgenic, thereby explaining the masculinization effects.
35 re is family-specific and typically leads to masculinization (female-to-male sex reversal), resulting
36 each male and female is a mosaic of relative masculinization, feminization, and sameness, which theor
37         Wild populations could be at risk of masculinization from ESD due to globally increasing wate
38 othesis that either prenatal feminization or masculinization hormone influences in utero or later soc
39 he mechanisms underlying temperature-induced masculinization in fish.
40 rvous system, such that pan-neuronal genetic masculinization in hermaphrodites generates male-typical
41 , such as sel-10(n1074), cause a more severe masculinization, including a reversal of the life versus
42 tional prostaglandin synthesis prevents this masculinization, indicating a positive feedforward proce
43                                         This masculinization is associated with transmission of the S
44                                Additionally, masculinization is generally more detrimental to populat
45                                     Although masculinization is well studied, no unifying concept exp
46 g Y-specific, showing that the neo-Y and its masculinization likely resolve sexual antagonism.
47 ed FSD emerged only recently and that female masculinization may be the ancestral lemur condition, an
48                             We conclude that masculinization might constitute an alternative mechanis
49 l females, suggesting that AVP(PVN) neuronal masculinization occurs between E11 and P0.
50     Prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) mediates the masculinization of adult sex behavior in rats in respons
51  anti-androgens or androgens and showed that masculinization of all reproductive tract tissues was pr
52                                      Greater masculinization of association networks relates to later
53                    Ht31 does not prevent the masculinization of behavior by ACPD plus kainate cotreat
54 mined that PKA signaling is required for the masculinization of behavior by PGE(2).
55 PGE(2), EP(2) and EP(4) are required for the masculinization of behavior by PGE(2).
56 54 myosin heavy chain promoter caused strong masculinization of both C. briggsae and C. elegans herma
57 ckdown of Nlfmd in female nymphs resulted in masculinization of both the somatic morphology and doubl
58 s, including suppression of XO lethality and masculinization of both XX and XO animals.
59 ne during early development is necessary for masculinization of brain structures in rodents.
60 o effect of LBN in males on puberty onset or masculinization of certain brain regions, suggesting LBN
61                                          The masculinization of DE in OS female twins is unlikely to
62 activation in the neonatal brain, and led to masculinization of dendritic spine density in the female
63  differences in microglia, estradiol-induced masculinization of dendritic spine density, and adult co
64 r with the finding of rapid androgen-induced masculinization of female vocalizations, provides an inv
65                              Androgen-driven masculinization of females was also confined to the same
66 actions between brothers and sisters lead to masculinization of females, which can induce fitness con
67  combined loss of RUNX1 and FOXL2 results in masculinization of fetal ovaries.
68 to oogenesis at 25 degrees C, resulting in a masculinization of germline (Mog) phenotype.
69             Loss of sel-10 results in a mild masculinization of hermaphrodites, whereas dominant alle
70 tagonist exposed from E13.5 to E15.5 blocked masculinization of males.
71 event downstream of Sry that is critical for masculinization of mammalian embryos.
72                                        Thus, masculinization of MePD astrocytes is a result of both A
73 al androgen receptors (ARs) are required for masculinization of MePD astrocytes, as these measures ar
74                        Moreover, the genetic masculinization of neurons in an otherwise wild-type her
75 es increases astrocyte survival and prevents masculinization of play.
76 in the sex-determining gene tra-3 results in masculinization of somatic tissues, consistent with QKI-
77 e two signaling pathways interact to control masculinization of the brain and behavior remains to be
78 lular and molecular mechanisms mediating the masculinization of the brain in animal models reveal a c
79                                              Masculinization of the brain occurs during a restricted
80              Biological factors, such as the masculinization of the central nervous system by prenata
81 ell differentiation, testis morphogenesis or masculinization of the embryos.
82 androgen receptor (AR) gene cause incomplete masculinization of the external genitalia by disrupting
83                                              Masculinization of the external genitalia in humans is d
84 nd Wt1 (Arg495Gly/Arg495Gly) XX mice display masculinization of the fetal gonads.
85         We show here that mag-1(RNAi) causes masculinization of the germ line (Mog phenotype) in RNA-
86                                              Masculinization of the human fetus depends, therefore, o
87 S exposure is likely to pose minimal risk to masculinization of the human fetus.
88  differences primarily arose due to hormonal masculinization of the male brain (and to a lesser exten
89 rogen receptors (ERs) alone mediate prenatal masculinization of the mouse brain to organize reproduct
90                             Steroid-mediated masculinization of the rat amygdala during perinatal dev
91 or activation has been shown to be vital for masculinization of the rodent brain, our results indicat
92                   These results suggest that masculinization of the song system is not determined sol
93 ogen receptor (AR) mRNA were measured, since masculinization of the song system is, in part, accompli
94   Adult androgen exposure can induce partial masculinization of the syrinx, but other factors must be
95  46XX females can result in vaginal atresia, masculinization of the urethra, a single urogenital sinu
96                   Lack of Wnt4 gives rise to masculinization of the XX gonad and we showed previously
97  led to feminization of the X chromosome and masculinization of the Y chromosome.
98                                          The masculinization of these cells is independent of AR but
99 xists for both AR and SNX2 to be involved in masculinization of these two brain regions.
100                                    Selective masculinization of third-order neurons transforms their
101 tions at the perineum play a crucial role in masculinization of this neural system.
102 ice, a targeted deletion of Wnt-4 causes the masculinization of XX pups.
103 his sex steroid receptor is associated with "masculinization" of adolescent cortical maturation.
104 gross changes in general behaviour, and (4) 'masculinization' of FruM-expressing neurons in females i
105 nt stages of X differentiation, resulting in masculinization or demasculinization of the X-chromosoma
106  it unlikely that in utero femininization or masculinization or socialization effects of growing up w
107 sent genetic evidence that the sel-10(n1074) masculinization phenotype is dependent upon skr-1 and cu
108 ound resulted in a highly penetrant germline-masculinization phenotype.
109 versing treatment itself interfered with the masculinization process, or that a male genome is requir
110 ar to androgen production/action during the 'masculinization programming window' (MPW; e15.5-e18.5).
111 t androgen production/action during a fetal 'masculinization programming window'.
112 to propose that the natural process of brain masculinization puts males at risk by moving them closer
113                           Disorders of fetal masculinization, resulting in hypospadias or cryptorchid
114 neural development generally and song system masculinization specifically.
115 ch activates two processes in male neonates; masculinization, the development of male-type behaviors,
116  the innate immune system in directing brain masculinization, the evidence for which we review here.
117 warmer temperatures could suffer accelerated masculinization, underscoring the broad taxonomic threat
118 n is maintained by the active suppression of masculinization via DNA methylation.
119 theoretical framework of female phenotypical masculinization via intrauterine position phenomenon.
120 s that implicates (as a putative mechanism) 'masculinization' via androgen exposure; however, relativ
121 of dying out but with less extreme pressure, masculinization will not be detectable since the proport
122 of both phenotypic and genetic components in masculinization with effects being greater in females.

 
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