ライフサイエンスコーパス: mating type

1 induced by crossing two strains of the same mating type.

2 plete gene pairs representing each potential mating type.

3 ; however, >99% of isolates are of the alpha mating type.

4 and even examples in which organisms switch mating type.

5 age of diploids and the rarely reported MATa mating type.

6 ut appeared to be more virulent than the (-) mating type.

7 clinical isolates presented belonged to (-) mating type.

8 t B. emzantsi isolates belonged to the alpha mating type.

9 duced an asymmetric response of the opposite mating types.

10 show fixed sequence differences between the mating types.

11 e at 37 degrees C and were heterothallic for mating types.

12 eukaryote Tetrahymena thermophila has seven mating types.

13 a transmembrane domain that is shared by all mating types.

14 strength dependent on the number of resident mating types.

15 s capable of sexual reproduction between two mating types.

16 ring between complementary self-incompatible mating types.

17 k of male/female roles associated with their mating types.

18 hism due to balancing selection on sexes and mating types.

19 mation and pathological effects of different mating types.

20 species can switch between MATa and MATalpha mating types.

21 le of cellular signaling in the evolution of mating-types.

22 ng types or that appear not to have distinct mating types [1, 2].

23 romones secreted by opaque cells of opposite mating type [8] or the hypoxic condition of host niches

24 Kat1 induces mating-type switching from mating type a (MATa) to MATalpha in the yeast K. lactis.

25 ERAD substrates, mutated transporter of the mating type a pheromone, Ste6* (sterile), and cystic fib

26 Exposure of haploid yeast cells, carrying mating type "a," to "alpha pheromone" stimulates polariz

27 Budding yeast cells exist in two mating types, a and alpha, which use peptide pheromones

28 S. pombe, the S. japonicus cells switch cell/mating type after undergoing two consecutive cycles of a

29 (94%) of the strains possessed the MATalpha mating type allele, and five were MATa.

30 driven by low invasion probabilities of new mating type alleles, with established resident alleles b

31 stercoreus has a higher estimated number of mating-type alleles (MAT-A= 39, MAT-B= 24) than other sp

32 We speculate that the increased number of mating-type alleles is the result of a recent range and

33 on as two subpopulations possessing opposite mating-type alleles, which exchange genes only when a se

34 t site at the nearly silent or poorly active mating type alpha (MATalpha) locus and expresses Ho endo

35 te fungi, which have been jointly scored for mating type and a range of polymorphic molecular markers

36 on from vegetative and gametic cells of each mating type and from zygotes.

37 The ratios of each mating type and the proportion of haploids were comparab

38 code regulators of the two different haploid mating types and of the diploids formed by their conjuga

39 enome evolution at important loci, including mating-type and effector loci.

40 rph, revealed conserved and seemingly intact mating-type and meiosis loci typical of Ustilaginales.

41 establishment probability of a newly arising mating type, and the mean time to extinction of a reside

42 amydomonas reinhardtii, with two equal-sized mating types, and oogamous multicellular species such as

43 Although (+) mating type appeared to be more virulent, most of our cl

44 Where mating types are equally abundant, we show that, for a n

45 ing mate-recognition system in which the two mating types are under different levels of purifying sel

46 nly when they recognize cells of a different mating type as non-self.

47 ly, homothallic yeast cells can switch their mating type as often as every generation by a highly cho

48 ndings showed that both species exist in two mating types at similar ratios and produce gliotoxin.

49 d M. irregularis is heterothallic having two mating types - bearing either SexP or SexM allele.

50 Interestingly, AD hybrids with only one mating type behaved differently, with the virulence of a

51 research on the fungal life cycle revealed a mating type bias phenomenon.

52 As a result, the identified mating type bias strongly promotes inbreeding, which we

53 Schizosaccharomyces pombe cells switch mating type by replacing genetic information at the expr

54 extend beyond the genes determining sexes or mating types, by several successive steps of recombinati

55 HAP2 deletion strains of complementary mating types can recognize one another and form pairs; h

56 xceptions are synIII, which lacks the silent mating-type cassettes, and synXII, specifically when the

57 mating type genes during fusion of opposite mating-type cells and sexual sporulation in the multicel

58 A roulette-like method for mating type choice in Tetrahymena adds an interesting ne

59 of recombination cessation on the dimorphic mating-type chromosomes has been conflictingly reported.

60 The relatively recent discovery of dimorphic mating-type chromosomes in fungi can aid the understandi

61 and pseudoautosomal regions, and then to the mating-type chromosomes of an anther-smut fungus Microbo

62 Here, we studied the mating-type chromosomes of two anther-smut fungi with un

63 restriction digest optical maps for the two mating-type chromosomes shows that divergence extends ov

64 genomic characteristics, including dimorphic mating-type chromosomes, that make this genus anexcellen

65 r without recombination suppression in their mating-type chromosomes, we inferred the ancestral gene

66 , sometimes encompassing vast regions of the mating-type chromosomes.

67 r a range of ages (0.9-2.1 million years) in mating-type chromosomes.

68 Thus, transcription of two lncRNAs governs mating-type control of gametogenesis in yeast.

69 f two long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) mediates mating-type control of sporulation.

70 sion yeast, cells alternate between P- and M-mating type, controlled by the alternate alleles of the

71 itch from mitosis-to-meiosis in the opposing mating type, coupled with the transcriptional induction

72 The strong mating-type-dependent bias in the choice of the donors i

73 at the UPR is tightly interlinked with the b mating-type-dependent signaling pathway that regulates p

74 ognition in both ciliates, the mechanisms of mating type determination differ widely, ranging from Me

75 rangements make this a fascinating system of mating type determination.

76 New multiplex PCR assays were developed for mating-type determination for C. beticola.

77 r understanding of how a master regulator of mating-type determination in an ancestral unicellular sp

78 ary strata did not include genes involved in mating-type determination.

79 quity of sexual reproduction in algae, their mating-type-determination and sex-determination mechanis

80 M. violaceum has A1 and A2 mating types, determined by mating-type-specific 'sex ch

81 R) is a key shared property of some sex- and mating-type determining (mat) chromosomes identified to

82 ession as a mechanism for the maintenance of mating-type determining chromosomal regions.

83 h a much higher divergence in and around the mating-type determining pheromone receptor locus in the

84 Further analyses of the mating type distribution in a-alpha coinfected mice sugg

85 fferentiation of Galphas in conjunction with mating-type diversity.

86 ecombination factors, which is important for mating-type donor selection and for the biased gene conv

87 Mating type E depends on expression of the transmembrane

88 t allows budding yeast cells to switch their mating type evolved from a newly discovered family of ge

89 od was subsequently devised to determine the mating type for a set of 47 isolates from across the geo

90 kers to the mating-type locus, inequality of mating-type frequencies, mutation rate, and selection on

91 DNA methylation levels in plus versus minus mating type gametes followed by chloroplast DNA hypermet

92 gulation and molecular functions of the matA mating type gene in a homothallic system.

93 The Aspergillus nidulans mating type gene matA and the human SRY (Sex-Determining

94 Furthermore, the MAT1-1-1 mating-type gene, known primarily for a role in governin

95 fertile and self-sterile strains, found four mating type genes (MAT1-1-1, MAT1-1-5, MAT1-2-1 and MAT1

96 hallism), is determined by the expression of mating type genes at mat loci.

97 molecular basis of homothallism and role of mating type genes during a self-fertile sexual cycle rem

98 s for receptors, pheromones, G proteins, and mating type genes during fusion of opposite mating-type

99 and pheromones control sexual identity, the mating-type genes (mat A and mat a) must be in two diffe

100 pansions of recombination suppression beyond mating-type genes in fungi ('evolutionary strata'), whic

101 attention has been paid to the switching of mating-type genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, a process

102 The existence of strata devoid of mating-type genes, despite the lack of sexual antagonism

103 ional sex-related genes, the distribution of mating-type genes, detection of recombination from popul

104 ts suggest that YV150 isolates with opposite mating-type have either strongly restrained or lost sexu

105 This ploidy effect is independent of mating type heterozygosity and not further enhanced by i

106 ct from the one used to attract the opposite mating type, highlights the existence of a sophisticated

107 In budding yeast, telomeres and the mating type (HM) loci are found in a heterochromatin-lik

108 ly distinct groups that correlate with their mating type; IA(s) values show high linkage disequilibri

109 ent to disrupt chromatin silencing and yeast mating-type identity as indicated by a lack of growth re

110 Mating type in Saccharomyces cerevisiae is determined by

111 nformation regulator (Sir) proteins regulate mating type in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

112 e is evidence suggesting virulence vary with mating types in fungi, including the Mucorales.

113 ess accounts for the maternal inheritance of mating types in Paramecium tetraurelia, a long-standing

114 of dimorphic sexes and their relationship to mating types in unicellular species are not understood.

115 these risk factors via stimulation of silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog 1 (SIRT1),

116 hCG signaling activates silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog 1 (SIRT1),

117 sion correlated with increased SIRT1 (silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog 1) levels a

118 This is dependent on silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog 5 (Sirt5)-m

119 class III histone deacetylase SIRTs (silent mating type information regulation 2 homologs) and SIRT1

120 ciated with a significant increase in silent mating type information regulation 2 homologue 1 (SIRT1)

121 KEY POINTS: Silent mating type information regulation 2 homologue 1 (SIRT1)

122 tion of two intact but unexpressed copies of mating-type information at the heterochromatic loci, HML

123 late G1 in haploid mother cells to initiate mating-type interconversion.

124 es the differentiation of yeast cells of one mating type into a distinct new cell type.

125 s differentiated from a germline nucleus and mating type is decided by a stochastic process.

126 c closeness and the similarity of their MTL (mating-type like) loci, some Metschnikowia species may p

127 ida albicans must undergo homozygosis at the mating type-like locus MTL[1, 2], then switch from the w

128 silencing defect was not limited to cryptic mating type loci and was associated with broad changes i

129 the maintenance of silencing at telomere and mating type loci but not at the ribosomal DNA locus.

130 atin at telomeres and the homothallic silent mating type loci require the Sir3 protein.

131 molecular markers of silencing at the silent mating type loci under conditions of limiting Sir3 prote

132 both telomere-proximal genes and the silent mating type loci, and transcriptional activation of hund

133 In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the two cryptic mating type loci, HML and HMR, are transcriptionally sil

134 ng with unique evolutionary trajectories for mating type loci.

135 The silenced chromatin at the cryptic mating-type loci (HML and HMR) of Saccharomyces cerevisi

136 heterochromatin at telomeres and the silent mating-type loci (HML/HMR).

137 these two species displayed linkage between mating-type loci and their respective centromeres.

138 somes of two anther-smut fungi with unlinked mating-type loci despite a self-fertilization mating sys

139 ced heterochromatin formation at the cryptic mating-type loci HMR and HML via Rif1, a telomere regula

140 chromosomal fusion underlying the linkage of mating-type loci in fungi and provided evidence for mult

141 The suppression of recombination at mating-type loci in fungi has long been recognized and m

142 vidence for recombination suppression around mating-type loci in fungi, sometimes encompassing vast r

143 he genomic location and DNA sequences of the mating-type loci of S. japonicus differ vastly from thos

144 e compatibility as direct linkage of the two mating-type loci under the automictic mating (intratetra

145 binds to core X sequences in addition to the mating-type loci, HML and HMR.

146 rst step in the evolution of non-recombinant mating-type loci, paving the road for the evolution of a

147 of whether the cells express the a- or alpha-mating-type loci, which control the expression of other,

148 , plant self-incompatibility loci and fungal mating-type loci.

149 stitutive heterochromatin at centromeric and mating-type loci.

150 chromatin structures at telomeres and silent mating-type loci.

151 omeres, ribosomal DNA (rDNA) and the cryptic mating-type loci.

152 ochromatin found at telomeres and the silent mating-type loci.

153 r alternative allele combinations at the two mating-type loci.

154 hich is independent of the regulation of the mating type locus (MTL).

155 increase cell size of the small-size mutant mating type locus 3-4 (mat3-4), which contains a defecti

156 n invasion by manipulating the fission yeast mating type locus boundary using a single-cell spreading

157 Candida albicans strains homozygous at the mating type locus can switch from white to opaque, and m

158 The germline mating type locus consists of a tandem array of incomple

159 We report here that the somatic mating type locus contains a pair of genes arranged head

160 n Candida albicans that positively regulates mating type locus MTLalpha gene expression and thereby r

161 Here, we characterized the mating type locus of M. irregularis and the mating type

162 ient fork movement in the ribosomal DNA, the mating type locus, tRNA, 5S ribosomal RNA genes, and gen

163 formation at centromeres, telomeres, and the mating type locus.

164 actions between the Aa and Da alleles of the mating type locus.

165 te new gene pair is assembled at the somatic mating type locus; the incomplete genes of one gene pair

166 ively sexual haploids possessing a biallelic mating-type locus (e.g., Chlamydomonas, ascomycete fungi

167 Pheromone receptors encoded by the mating-type locus (MAT) mediate reciprocal pheromone sen

168 howed a highly unstable rearrangement at the mating-type locus (mat1) in fission yeast.

169 nt', installed during DNA replication at the mating-type locus (mat1), imparts competence for cell ty

170 , controlled by the alternate alleles of the mating-type locus (mat1).

171 cell-size regulatory gene(s) to an ancestral mating-type locus as a possible step in the evolution of

172 we report the discovery and analysis of the mating-type locus of the model organism Dictyostelium di

173 f recombination cessation in stages from the mating-type locus toward the pseudoautosomal regions was

174 ize--anisogamy--involves genes linked to the mating-type locus, as was predicted theoretically.

175 tromeric repeats, telomeric regions, and the mating-type locus, consistent with inhibition of the his

176 ine the effects of linkage of markers to the mating-type locus, inequality of mating-type frequencies

177 However, at the mating-type locus, Swi6 recruitment is defective in the

178 generate heterochromatin at telomeres and a mating-type locus.

179 fraction between the genetic marker and the mating-type locus.

180 utation from the HMalpha locus into the MAT (mating type) locus has provided the genetic evidence tha

181 identity is determined by genes at the MAT (mating-type) locus; mating occurs between MATa and MATal

182 NA-strand-specific epigenetic imprint at the mating-type locus1 initiates the recombination event, wh

183 viously identified a mutation, suppressor of mating type locus3 15-1 (smt15-1), that partially suppre

184 ubstitutions at a faster rate than the other mating type (mat A) and thus may be in the early stages

185 e bipolar mating systems with a single large mating type (MAT) locus that represents a derived state

186 s at least 6 Mbp ( approximately 63%) of the mating-type (mat) chromosome in N. tetrasperma and is as

187 However, using knowledge of mating-type (MAT) gene organization, we now describe con

188 elevated temperature, srs2, rad51-I345T, and mating-type (MAT) heterozygosity resulted in almost comp

189 Genes governing mating are encoded by the mating-type (MAT) loci and influence pathogenesis, popul

190 elucidate the structure and functions of the mating-type (MAT) locus and establish that C. lusitaniae

191 yeasts is determined by the genotype at the mating-type (MAT) locus, but yeast species differ widely

192 id cells, requiring the genome to have three mating-type (MAT)-like loci and a mechanism for silencin

193 e diversity, and contain different ratios of mating types MAT1-1 and MAT1-2.

194 Duplication of the mating type matA(HMG) gene in this haploid organism trig

195 id strains fall into two distinct and stable mating types (MATa and MATalpha), whereas homothallic sp

196 Haploid opaque cells of opposite mating type mate efficiently to regenerate the diploid f

197 and the mean of gamete size (volume) of each mating type measured agree closely with the prediction f

198 ctions between cilia of mating type plus and mating type minus gametes mediated by adhesion receptors

199 PAM product serves as a chemoattractant for mating-type minus gametes but repels plus gametes.

200 Genomic PCR of mating type (MT)-locus genes revealed asexual thalli car

201 long been known to present a wide variety of mating type numbers and modes of inheritance, but only r

202 the sibling species Paramecium septaurelia, mating type O is determined by coding-sequence deletions

203 tionary pressures that control the number of mating types observed in natural populations, which rang

204 lates positively with the expected number of mating types observed.

205 isiae has a complex system for switching the mating type of haploid cells, requiring the genome to ha

206 we show that HAP2 is expressed in all seven mating types of T. thermophila and that fertility is onl

207 ts evolution, we sequenced 12 genomes (6 per mating type) of this species and identified the genomic

208 es in sexual fertility, and the influence of mating type on the severity of cutaneous infection.

209 strains were then used to test the impact of mating type on virulence.

210 Most ascomycetes have two mating types: one (called alpha in yeasts and MAT1-1 in

211 ention, self-incompatibility systems such as mating types or sexes appear to be derived limitations t

212 uding outbreeding systems with more than two mating types or sexes, unisexual selfing, and even examp

213 omothallic species are those that can switch mating types or that appear not to have distinct mating

214 etermined the multilocus sequence type (ST), mating type, ploidy, and allelic profile.

215 s reinhardtii, interactions between cilia of mating type plus and mating type minus gametes mediated

216 In sexual crosses with spa19 as the mating type plus parent, however, PS+ genomes are transm

217 We further show that the low number of mating types predicted in the rare-sex regime is primari

218 mating type locus of M. irregularis and the mating type ratio of 17 clinical isolates in China.

219 a haplo-lethal allele that is linked to one mating type region.

220 protein Amo1 has been proposed to tether the mating-type region and its boundaries to the nuclear env

221 ition, we show that the N. tetrasperma mat a mating-type region appears to be accumulating deleteriou

222 sed for recombination in the heterochromatic mating-type region during meiosis and several mutants de

223 e, assembly of heterochromatin at the silent mating-type region is critical for cell fate determinati

224 ion was strongly silenced in the relocalized mating-type region through mechanisms that differ from t

225 ocalization of a heterochromatic region, the mating-type region, from its natural location at the spi

226 but in M cells it spreads across the silent mating-type region, including mat2-P.

227 sess self-incompatible gametes determined at mating-type regions of suppressed recombination, likely

228 Crosstalk between UPR and the b mating-type regulated developmental program adapts ER ho

229 This is the result of diploidy, not mating type regulation.

230 The two yeast mating types secrete peptide pheromones that bind to GPC

231 enter meiosis is controlled by nutrient and mating-type signals that regulate expression of the mast

232 We observed mating type-specific differences in chloroplast DNA meth

233 We identified 361 gametic genes with mating type-specific expression patterns and 627 genes t

234 Each gene encodes a mating type-specific segment and a transmembrane domain

235 um has A1 and A2 mating types, determined by mating-type-specific 'sex chromosomes' that contain 1-2

236 not significantly different between the two mating-type-specific chromosomes nor between the non-rec

237 g state are derepressed to establish the new mating-type-specific gene expression program coincident

238 etylation of nucleosomes in the promoters of mating-type-specific genes requires the corepressor Ssn6

239 imilar levels of genetic degeneration in the mating-type-specific regions of the non-recombining 'sex

240 ysis of the processes in the non-recombining mating-type-specific regions of the smut fungus Microbot

241 Our data show genetic continuity between the mating-type specification and sex determination pathways

242 om its ancestral role in C. reinhardtii as a mating-type specifier, to become a determinant of sperm

243 ontributions, a pair of congenic a and alpha mating type strains was generated by a series of 11 back

244 s involving forced heterokaryons of opposite mating-type strains show that presence of one receptor a

245 g-4 behave normally in crosses with opposite mating-type strains.

246 etic marker, genetic differentiation between mating-type subpopulations is a simple function of the e

247 , (2) association of additional functions to mating-type, such as uniparental mitochondria inheritanc

248 ient limitation via the transcription factor mating type switch 1 (Mts1).

249 acers and a region immediately preceding the mating type switch locus Mat1, and the mechanism of pola

250 Our results suggest that the frequency of mating type switch might control the trade-off between d

251 ological processes, such as budding, mating, mating type switch, consumption of nutrients, and cell d

252 We further show that the mating type switch-activating protein Sap1 is a GRF in S

253 lencing" is found in the yeast S. cerevisiae mating-type switch [1, 2].

254 appear to be important for cell survival and mating-type switch in haploid yeast.

255 latory transcription factors ensures a rapid mating-type switch.

256 bits ascospore dimorphism and unidirectional mating type switching - self-fertile strains derived fro

257 Thus, mechanisms for mating type switching have evolved multiple times, indic

258 lactis, a DNA rearrangement associated with mating type switching requires a domesticated transposas

259 encing phenomena observed in fungi including mating type switching, telomere position effect (TPE), s

260 ylation of histone H3 tails affects SWI/SNF (mating type switching/ sucrose non fermenting) and RSC (

261 the studies that deciphered the mechanism of mating-type switching and revealed the phenomenon of gen

262 lthough the 3-locus MAT-HML-HMR mechanism of mating-type switching as seen in Saccharomyces cerevisia

263 h genetically diverse partners, as inhibited mating-type switching causes mother cells to shun their

264 The mating-type switching endonuclease HO plays a central ro

265 Kat1 induces mating-type switching from mating type a (MATa) to MATal

266 allism, and regarding whether the process of mating-type switching had a single origin [3-5].

267 We find that mating-type switching has arisen independently at least

268 general question in the specific context of mating-type switching in budding yeast, which is a model

269 (Ho-endo), a nuclear protein that initiates mating-type switching in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

270 gene transposition model as the mechanism of mating-type switching in the budding yeast Saccharomyces

271 Mating-type switching is induced by a DNA double-strand

272 Saccharomyces cerevisiae mating-type switching is initiated by a double-strand br

273 Here, we propose a quantitative model of mating-type switching predicated on the assumption of DS

274 t these factors must be rapidly removed upon mating-type switching to allow the master regulators of

275 nt to the adaptive value of homothallism and mating-type switching to unicellular fungi.

276 ment homing are very similar to those during mating-type switching, and indicate that HO is a domesti

277 /3 heterochromatin, the origin of ascomycete mating-type switching, and panascomycete synteny at the

278 A novel mating-type switching-defective mutant showed a highly u

279 l for cell fate determination in the form of mating-type switching.

280 la, a ciliated protozoan with seven sexes or mating types that bypasses the production of male gamete

281 ry probability distribution of the number of mating types, the establishment probability of a newly a

282 from two N. tetrasperma strains of opposite mating type to determine whether structural rearrangemen

283 tor IME4 allows cells expressing the haploid mating type to sporulate with kinetics that are indistin

284 ones that stimulate opaque cells of opposite mating type to undergo mating.

285 me aid in simultaneous dissemination of both mating types to new locations in the environment.

286 nisms have shed light on the transition from mating types to sexes, and brown algae, which are a mode

287 t importantly, our data provide evidence for mating-type transcription factor functions that reach fa

288 d Th-1, Th-2 and Th-17 cells numbers in each mating type treated mice showed that the severity and di

289 ty and disease progress were enhanced in (+) mating type treated mice.

290 le genetic locus specify this species' three mating types: two versions of the locus are entirely dif

291 Differences in gamete size between the two mating types underlie sexual selection.

292 ound in South American isolates but only one mating type was found in Central American isolates, supp

293 A single mating type was found in the new species Aspergillus pse

294 ) as the average sequence divergence between mating types was only 2% in the SR region.

295 e pairs of interactions in cells of opposite mating type were revealed by this study, including bilat

296 acteristics, exoantigens profile, and fungal mating types were evaluated.

297 Interestingly, both mating types were found in South American isolates but o

298 Two A and B alleles but only two mating types were identified.

299 dinutans, but in Aspergillus parafelis, both mating types were present.

300 genes are sufficient to determine two of the mating types, whereas homologs of both these genes are r

301 lonial genera from this group have classical mating types with equal-sized gametes, while larger mult