ライフサイエンスコーパス: medulla

1 doses of 3.0-6.6 Gy (cortex) and 2.7-5.1 Gy (medulla).

2 nput from the secondary visual neuropil (the medulla).

3 anges of 6.1-8.9 Gy (cortex) and 2.1-5.4 Gy (medulla).

4 ing from 3.0-6.6 Gy (cortex) and 2.7-5.1 Gy (medulla).

5 associated with the development of a thymic medulla.

6 ursing towards the dorsomedial aspect of the medulla.

7 litating neurons of the rostral ventromedial medulla.

8 t to the rostral aspect of the ventrolateral medulla.

9 election in the cortex and activation in the medulla.

10 ink and feel and the function of the adrenal medulla.

11 observed in the Arc and in the ventrolateral medulla.

12 ac1-Pet1 soma resident largely in the caudal medulla.

13 derived mononuclear phagocytes (MNPs) to the medulla.

14 sm and the structural integrity of the renal medulla.

15 echolaminergic neurons, in the ventrolateral medulla.

16 bodies subsequently move to cover the entire medulla.

17 nsive involvement of glomeruli, vessels, and medulla.

18 arby neurons located within the ventromedial medulla.

19 e nucleus of the solitary tract (NST) in the medulla.

20 on of the capillary endothelium in the renal medulla.

21 role for S1P in positioning cells within the medulla.

22 along the nephron and in the outer and inner medulla.

23 CBF) by activating the rostral ventrolateral medulla.

24 n the temporal cortex, occipital cortex, and medulla.

25 ritical maturation events occur later in the medulla.

26 he pancreas, spleen, renal cortex, and renal medulla.

27 inhibitor, MS275, was delivered to the renal medulla.

28 n, and affect to the function of the adrenal medulla.

29 targets in the magnocellular nucleus of the medulla.

30 5c, and Tm20 in the second optic neuropil or medulla.

31 e cerebral cortex have access to the adrenal medulla.

32 us (RTN) reside in the rostral ventrolateral medulla.

33 ely low (<10%) in the renal cortex and renal medulla.

34 abundance of IRBIT and L-IRBIT in the outer medulla.

35 ible for acid-mediated currents in the mouse medulla.

36 pathway through the rostral ventral lateral medulla.

37 onstrate accurate drug delivery to the renal medulla.

38 ne alterations primarily involving the renal medulla.

39 th a major sympathetic effector, the adrenal medulla.

40 of oxygen, were determined in the cortex and medulla.

41 e hypothalamus and the rostral ventrolateral medulla.

42 ood tumor in sympathetic ganglia and adrenal medulla.

43 slices that were predominantly the cortex or medulla.

44 the cytosol in chromaffin cells from adrenal medulla.

45 by physiologic uptake by the normal adrenal medulla.

46 ACA to the circadian clock via the accessory medulla.

47 ell as aquaporins within the inner and outer medulla.

48 regulating jugular sensory processing in the medulla.

49 he abundance of NBCn1 and NBCn2 in the outer medulla.

50 ous stimulation) of the rostral ventromedial medulla.

51 mpathetic, paravertebral ganglia outside the medulla.

52 rm a dense neural network within the ovarian medulla.

53 oject caudally to the posterior ventromedial medulla.

54 ches respiratory nuclei in the ventrolateral medulla.

55 sion of aquaporin (AQP)-2 in the renal inner medulla.

56 vents controlling tolerance induction in the medulla.

57 exo-miRs was significantly altered in renal medulla.

58 (95% CI: 1.27 m/sec, 1.38 m/sec; P = .03) in medulla.

59 artly through their projection to the caudal medulla.

60 th a major sympathetic effector, the adrenal medulla.

61 thymocytes out of the thymic cortex into the medulla.

62 trigeminal spinal tract (sp5) in the lateral medulla.

63 standard deviation) and 31 msec +/- 6; renal medulla, 1702 msec +/- 205 and 60 msec +/- 21; renal cor

64 8 was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in the medulla (176%), pons (146%), midbrain (101%), hippocampu

65 1)C-PK11195 showed a higher BPND only in the medulla (32%).

66 increase) and the reticular formation of the medulla (6.5-fold increase).

67 e the processes that give rise to the thymus medulla, a site that nurtures self-tolerant T-cell gener

68 he dorsal vagal complex, A5, rostral ventral medulla, A1, and midline raphe, as well as sympathetic p

69 800 retinotopically organized columns in the medulla act as functional units for processing visual in

70 % reduced eNOS protein levels in their inner medulla along with a significant rise in BP relative to

71 Activation of ASICs in the medulla also triggered neuronal excitation.

72 ascular contact at the rostral-ventrolateral medulla, altered baroreflex blood pressure regulation an

73 Chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla (AM) represent the main neuroendocrine adrenergi

74 n species (ROS) levels in the CB and adrenal medulla (AM).

75 photic entrainment pathways to the accessory medulla (AME), the circadian clock of the Madeira cockro

76 ophaea) maderae, is located in the accessory medulla (AME).

77 reBotzinger complex (preBotC) of the ventral medulla and a network of brainstem and spinal premotor n

78 by MS LECs may retain neutrophils in the LN medulla and allow lymph-borne pathogens to clear, preven

79 sory molecule mainly expressed in the thymic medulla and B cells.

80 nerated without respiratory gating and renal medulla and collecting system were more resistant to BH

81 eased early after uninephrectomy in both the medulla and cortex (P < .003), from 28.9 sec(-1) +/- 2.3

82 remained significantly decreased in both the medulla and cortex at 3 (P < .01) and 12 (P < .01) month

83 in expression was also observed in the renal medulla and cortex of Heph/Cp KO mice.

84 c(-1) +/- 2.3 to 26.4 sec(-1) +/- 2.5 in the medulla and from 18.3 sec(-1) +/- 1.5 to 16.3 sec(-1) +/

85 he retinotopic connections received from the medulla and from the lobula, and the presence of large t

86 in mediating tubular cross-talk in the outer medulla and in suppressing neutrophil infiltration after

87 develops in sympathetic ganglia and adrenal medulla and is elicited by forced Lin28B expression.

88 amma-aminobutyric acid immunostaining of the medulla and LOX were compared between the praying mantis

89 e transport kinetics of the AuNPs in cortex, medulla and pelvis of the normal and injured kidneys, we

90 lls were found in the human renal cortex and medulla and provide targets for HLA-specific IgE.

91 ted decreased iron accumulation in the renal medulla and significant attenuation of the renal inflamm

92 ding projections to the rostral ventromedial medulla and spinal cord, as an essential descending inhi

93 holamines from secretory vesicles in adrenal medulla and sympathetic axons.

94 n rats, cortical influences over the adrenal medulla and the kidney originate mainly from 2 motor are

95 inotopic inputs from columnar neurons of the medulla and the lobula.

96 for the whole renal parenchyma, cortex, and medulla and was correlated with quantitative B-mode find

97 ns were performed in the kidneys (cortex and medulla) and livers of 27 adult pigs.

98 reduced the ER stress response in cortex and medulla, and also inhibited renal apoptosis.

99 -regulated with ENHO in liver, ileum, kidney medulla, and lung.

100 In the kidney cortex, kidney medulla, and lungs, the TH-associated signature was dete

101 op carcinoma in the thymus, stomach, adrenal medulla, and mammary gland but not in other organs typic

102 ne, and choline that localize to the cortex, medulla, and renal pelvis, respectively.

103 We then labeled cell types in the PAG, LPB, medulla, and spinal cord to better define the specific t

104 ASIC1a and ASIC2 are widely expressed in rat medulla, and the expression level is higher at neonatal

105 ) or Wnt/beta-catenin signaling in the renal medulla, and their involvement in the regulation of intr

106 hery of the lymph node, predominantly in the medulla, and we found that expression of SPNS2, expressi

107 r oxygen-sensing probes in the renal cortex, medulla, and within a bladder catheter in sheep.

108 The collecting tubules and renal medulla are derived from Pax2-positive ureteric bud epit

109 In Drosophila, the T4 cells of the medulla are directionally selective and necessary for ON

110 in CIPA, but chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla are spared.

111 In the thymus, distinct cortex and medulla areas emphasize the division of labor in selecti

112 Moreover, by identifying the ventrolateral medulla as a direct source of metabolic information to t

113 icient mice suggest the rostral ventromedial medulla as an important site of the cannabinoid-mediated

114 n independently of the phenotypic sex of the medulla as long as oestrogen is provided.

115 g increase in urea transporters in the renal medulla as the result of increased protein intake promot

116 their central targets in the spinal cord and medulla as well as in the nucleus of the solitary tract,

117 However, this was confined to the medulla, as the histone H3-acetylation was similar in th

118 th the neocortex as well as brainstem dorsal medulla autonomic microcircuits.

119 hat leptin stimulates a hypothalamus-adrenal medulla-BAT axis, which is necessary and sufficient to i

120 Discrete regions of the rostral ventromedial medulla bidirectionally influence pain perception, and l

121 ist rimonabant into the rostral ventromedial medulla blocked acetaminophen-induced antihyperalgesia,

122 the human thymus, FAT10 is localized in the medulla but not the cortex.

123 ence that the kidney epithelium in the outer medulla can regulate granulopoiesis.

124 Rostral ventrolateral medulla catecholaminergic neurones (RVLM-C1) modulate sy

125 n of catecholaminergic rostral ventrolateral medulla catecholaminergic neurones (RVLM-C1) to both hae

126 a frog, concluding that piercing the spinal medulla causes immediate death.

127 tion of moving bright edges (ON motion) with medulla cells Mi1 and Tm3 providing spatially offset inp

128 5 mum(3) for lamina cells and 3.8 mum(3) for medulla cells.

129 We show that only in DRA medulla columns both R7 and R8 photoreceptors target to

130 be the cellular and synaptic architecture in medulla columns located downstream of photoreceptors in

131 l artery flow probes in the renal cortex and medulla, combination fiber-optic probes comprising a flu

132 ound to be significantly higher in the renal medulla compared to the cortex.

133 visual projection neurons of the optic lobe medulla, completing a three-legged circuit that we call

134 loid cell (vs lymphocyte) recruitment to the medulla, confirmed by videomicroscopy.

135 otential were performed in the ventrolateral medulla containing the pre-BotC region.

136 The medulla contains over 80 types of neuron, which belong t

137 cipal cells in the inner stripe of the outer medulla converted to intercalated cells after genetic in

138 Seizure-related SDs in the ventrolateral medulla correlated with respiratory suppression.

139 hifts of spectral response properties in the medulla correlating with projection regions of photorece

140 Increased adrenal medulla-derived plasma catecholamines were necessary and

141 s factor receptor superfamily have on thymus medulla development and formation, and highlight the imp

142 Because the accessory medulla displayed SIFamide immunoreactivity and injectio

143 study of diversity and variability of Distal medulla (Dm) neurons, multicolumnar local interneurons i

144 be work on both the initial emergence of the medulla during embryogenesis, and the maintenance of the

145 A neuron subpopulations in the ventrolateral medulla during normoglycemia elicits these CRRs in a sit

146 ng embryogenesis, and the maintenance of the medulla during postnatal stages.

147 asses through the nephron and into the renal medulla, electrolytes, water, and urea are reabsorbed th

148 ently fail to sustain AIRE expression in the medulla, escaping medullary negative selection.

149 ergic circuits from the rostral ventromedial medulla facilitate activation of second-order neurons in

150 were reduced within the MR and ventrolateral medulla following 30 d of increased InCO(2); 3) markers

151 impact that T-cell development has on thymus medulla formation.

152 neocortex, whereas in spinal cord, pons, and medulla GPR88 expression remains discrete.

153 The majority of tumors within H3-Pons and-H3-Medulla harbors H3F3A mutations but shows distinct methy

154 n data, distinct clusters termed H3-Pons, H3-Medulla, IDH, and PA-like, each associated with unique g

155 ion was reduced in both the renal cortex and medulla in SS(Nox4-/-) rats fed an HS diet.

156 the rostrocaudal extent of the ventrolateral medulla, in Sprague Dawley rats treated with hydralazine

157 he T-bet(+) IELp population localized to the medulla, included cells restricted by non-classical MHC

158 ggest that ASICs are highly expressed in the medulla including the VLM, and activation of ASICs in th

159 triggered typical ASIC-type currents in the medulla, including the VLM.

160 aorta, but >1000 genes altered in the renal medulla, including those regulating the endogenous nitri

161 g cascades independently of RAS in the renal medulla, including Wnt/beta-catenin signaling, cyclooxyg

162 peralgesia, while local rostral ventromedial medulla injection of AM 404 reduced hyperalgesia in wild

163 The differentiation of the medulla is a cell-autonomous process based on chromosoma

164 CB2 receptors in adult rostral ventromedial medulla is altered in persistent inflammation.

165 However, the renal medulla is devoid of classic lymphatics.

166 ound eye photoreceptor neurons terminated in medulla layer ME2 without direct contact to ipsilateral

167 We find that, within a medulla layer, processes of the cells of a given Dm neur

168 processes of the same cell type in different medulla layers.

169 for spreading depolarization (SD) in dorsal medulla, leading to cardiorespiratory collapse.

170 n microarray data from the kidney cortex and medulla, liver, lungs, and spleen were used from previou

171 actions involve separate oscillators in the medulla, located respectively in the pre-Botzinger compl

172 with skin and murine renal biopsy including medulla (M) and cortex (C)) showed distinct metabolite c

173 uctural features of the baleen plate (hollow medulla, mineralized tubules, and sandwich-tubular struc

174 ue extracellular osmolality within the renal medulla modulates a specific gene expression pattern.

175 spinal cord originate from separate ventral medulla neuron populations.

176 factor Nerfin-1 is expressed in early-stage medulla neurons and is essential for maintaining their d

177 de that Nerfin-1 represses Notch activity in medulla neurons and prevents them from dedifferentiation

178 expressing afferents or rostral ventromedial medulla neurons attenuates hyperalgesia during masseter

179 the Drosophila visual system, astrocyte-like medulla neuropil glia (mng) variants acquire stereotypic

180 In the medulla oblongata and pons, we detected Hoxa5 expression

181 m the presence of lesions of motor tracts in medulla oblongata and spinal cord associated with other

182 ATP released in the ventrolateral medulla oblongata during hypoxia attenuates the secondar

183 The ventral surface of the rostral medulla oblongata has been suspected since the 1960s to

184 Ventral regions of the medulla oblongata of the brainstem are populated by astr

185 on the cardio-respiratory oscillators in the medulla oblongata that modulate heart rate in phase with

186 ding the first linked to midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata volumes, and map them to 305 genes.

187 The brainstem (midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata) and cerebellum (diencephalic prosomer

188 at different brain regions, including pons, medulla oblongata, and cerebellum.

189 C1 neurons, located in the medulla oblongata, mediate adaptive autonomic responses

190 gic/catecholaminergic neurons located in the medulla oblongata, which may operate as a switchboard fo

191 rons located in the parafacial region of the medulla oblongata.

192 e of the facial nerve nucleus in the rostral medulla oblongata.

193 tes residing near the ventral surface of the medulla oblongata.

194 llator located on the ventral surface of the medulla oblongata.

195 reteric bud capillaries in the nascent renal medulla of embryonic mice.

196 me iron content both in the renal cortex and medulla of Heph/Cp KO mice was significantly increased.

197 on were significantly decreased in the renal medulla of Heph/Cp KO mice, while the expression of DMT1

198 decrease in AQP-2 protein level in the renal medulla of heterozygous CBS mice.

199 The cortex and medulla of LRRK2 KO rat kidneys become darkly pigmented

200 cortex and an inner catecholamine-producing medulla of neuroendocrine origin.

201 predominantly in the hypothalamus, pons, and medulla of posthatch chick brains, but not in some areas

202 The abundance of TNFalpha in the renal medulla of SS rats, but not the salt-insensitive congeni

203 m the hypothalamic Arc and the ventrolateral medulla of the brainstem in normal-weight male Wistar ra

204 In the medulla of the Drosophila visual system, different neuro

205 y (AVP) conducts visual information from the medulla of the optic lobe via the anterior optic tubercl

206 lot analysis demonstrated UT-A1 in the inner medulla of UT-A1(+/+)/UT-A3(-/-) and wild-type mice, but

207 n expression of NBCn1 and NBCn2 in the outer medulla (OM) of rat kidney.

208 enomedullary chromaffin cells in the adrenal medulla or in sympathetic, paravertebral ganglia outside

209 rug) injected into the rostral ventrolateral medulla or treatment with a beta2AR antagonist reduced h

210 ization for thymic tolerance segregates from medulla organogenesis and instead involves LTbetaR-media

211 development despite loss of LTbetaR-mediated medulla organogenesis.

212 eys, the cortical influence over the adrenal medulla originates from 3 distinct networks that are inv

213 re meiosis: a steroidogenic core (the female medulla), overlain by the germ cell niche (the cortex).

214 ntrast-enhanced ultrasound (cortex P = .019, medulla P = .001), downregulation of interleukin (IL)-1b

215 ticularly in the cortical area, thalamus and medulla (P < .01).

216 dbrain, hippocampus, thalamus, cortex, pons, medulla, pallidum that were significantly enriched for B

217 lly, we examine the evidence that the thymic medulla plays an important role during the intrathymic g

218 Diffuse medulla, pons or midbrain MRI lesions occasionally occur

219 l cortical regions projecting to the adrenal medulla, positively correlated with increases in heart r

220 easing) pathway originating from the ventral medulla powerfully promotes REM sleep in mice.

221 ns), mapping soma localization to the caudal medulla primarily and axonal projections to brainstem mo

222 Medulla projecting neurons arborize mainly in two of the

223 hotoreceptors R7 and R8 and their downstream medulla projection (Tm) neurons Tm5a, Tm5b, Tm5c, and Tm

224 DA mechanisms acting in rostral ventromedial medulla promote analgesia associated with exercise.

225 eceptor function in the rostral ventromedial medulla provides additional rationale for the developmen

226 Cortex/medulla ratio decreased with age ( P < 0.001) and decrea

227 eptide-MHC complexes, both in the cortex and medulla regions.

228 rforming TEC-specific deletion of the thymus medulla regulator lymphotoxin beta receptor (LTbetaR), w

229 ring alphabetaT cell development, the thymus medulla represents an essential microenvironment for T c

230 d doses of 7.8 and 1.6 Gy (in the cortex and medulla, respectively), SPECT/CT-based voxel-level dosim

231 = .0006] and 21.3% [P = .0005] in cortex and medulla, respectively), which were accompanied by a prog

232 h anatomical localization within the pons or medulla, respectively.

233 2 agonist, dDAVP, was delivered to the renal medulla resulting in a significant increase in water ret

234 Within the medulla, retrogradely-labeled, glutamatergic, glycinergi

235 reproenkephalin in the rostral ventrolateral medulla (rVLM) 72 hr after EA was increased (n = 9), com

236 jecting neurons of the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) determine sympathetic outflow to differen

237 eceptor (sst2 ) in the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) lower sympathetic nerve activity, arteria

238 inergic neurons in the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) maintain sympathetic vasomotor tone and b

239 lycine released in the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) plays a critical role in maintaining arte

240 Neurons in the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) regulate blood pressure through direct pr

241 llateralization of rat rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) sympathetic premotor neurons and its func

242 lar control within the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) using selective receptor antagonists.

243 ular nucleus (PVN) and rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) were microdissected for gene expression a

244 1) ]apelin-13 into the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM), a major source of sympathoexcitatory neu

245 resympathetic hub, the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM).

246 athetic neurons in the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM).

247 tion of neurons in the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM).

248 ascular regions of the rostral ventrolateral medulla (rVLM).

249 ensitive area, and the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM).

250 s solitarius (NTS) and rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM)] cytokine surges were blunted, whereas ox

251 structures, such as the rostral ventromedial medulla (RVM) and locus coeruleus (LC).

252 onnectivity between the rostral ventromedial medulla (RVM) and other brainstem pain-modulatory region

253 Neurons of the rostral ventromedial medulla (RVM) are thought to critically contribute to th

254 The rostral ventromedial medulla (RVM) is a relay in the descending pain modulato

255 iaqueductal gray to the rostral ventromedial medulla (RVM).

256 and "OFF-cells," in the rostral ventromedial medulla (RVM).

257 to study variations between circuits in the medulla's neighboring columns.

258 ucose.Perfusate, end-point renal cortex, and medulla samples underwent metabolomic analysis using 1-d

259 H HR-MAS NMR spectra of separated cortex and medulla samples using multivariate statistical methods.

260 he nucleus retroambiguus (NRA) in the caudal medulla serves as the final premotor interneuronal outpu

261 receptors reside in the rostral ventromedial medulla.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Acetaminophen is a widely

262 In all, our study demonstrates that thymus medulla specialization for thymic tolerance segregates f

263 nominal absorbed doses of 7.8/1.6 Gy (cortex/medulla), SPECT/CT-based voxel-level dosimetry resulted

264 producing NKT2 cells localized to the thymic medulla, suggesting that medullary signals might instruc

265 occlusion and endothelial cell injury in the medulla that contribute to sickle cell nephropathy.

266 nfiguration in the reticular networks of the medulla that generate breathing.

267 ry afferents, and the ventral surface of the medulla that includes the retrotrapezoid nucleus (RTN),

268 rcuit distributed in the midbrain, pons, and medulla that promotes NREM sleep in mice.

269 ence shows that a small node of cells in the medulla - the most primitive part of the brain - may fun

270 udied descending system originating from the medulla, the neocortex provides dense anatomical project

271 dicators, we tracked visual responses in the medulla, the second visual neuropil, to a projected colo

272 In the renal medulla, there was significant phosphorylation of NKCC2

273 and dendritic cells collectively enable the medulla to balance T cell production with negative selec

274 Sol) and paratrigeminal nucleus (Pa5) in the medulla to drive a variety of protective behaviors.

275 urons in the spinal cord and/or ventromedial medulla to inhibit motor neurons.

276 ut also slowed down their transport from the medulla to pelvis and enhanced the cellular uptake.

277 ys and of dissected cortex, outer, and inner medulla, to represent the corticomedullary axis, was per

278 e catecholamine neurons of the ventrolateral medulla (VLM(CA)) are thought to orchestrate these respo

279 de when microinjected into the ventrolateral medulla (VLM) of the anesthetized rat, suggesting select

280 ng ion channels (ASICs) in the ventrolateral medulla (VLM) remains uncertain.

281 Sympathetic ganglion and adrenal medulla volume and the expression level of Let-7a were n

282 In females, whole brainstem, pons and medulla volumes individually mediated the relationship b

283 he number of chromaffin cells in the adrenal medulla was also decreased, indicating a broad dependenc

284 The course of the vagus tract in the rostral medulla was demonstrated in this study.

285 abundance of TNFalpha receptors in the renal medulla was significantly higher in SS rats than SS.13(B

286 AQP2 (pAQP2) protein expression in the inner medulla was similar in the two groups in baseline condit

287 he function of individual APC subsets in the medulla, we have gained greater understanding of the com

288 s: Both kidney compartments (70% cortex, 30% medulla) were filled with different activity concentrati

289 s: Both kidney compartments (70% cortex, 30% medulla) were filled with different activity concentrati

290 ect anatomically at the level of the rostral medulla where the vagus fibers intersect with the Sp5 an

291 e pre-Botzinger complex of the ventrolateral medulla, where it is thought that excitation increases i

292 mary cell cultures prepared from the ventral medulla, where it was also found that the pH response of

293 oblastoma is often RD3-positive, the adrenal medulla, where many neuroblastomas originate, is RD3-neg

294 their projection to the caudal ventromedial medulla, where they excite GABAergic neurons.

295 they connect to the nephron proper, into the medulla, where they release urine into the renal pelvis.

296 ce, developing T cells must enter the thymic medulla, where they scan antigen-presenting cells (APCs)

297 ing tissue osmolality from the cortex to the medulla, which may alter their transcriptomes and provid

298 n species (ROS) levels in the CB and adrenal medulla, which were a result of DNA methylation-dependen

299 However, the presence of a medulla with an 'intersex' or male phenotype may comprom

300 hy volunteers in the parenchyma, cortex, and medulla, with mean values of 1.55 m/sec (95% confidence