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1 ses in the form of hindgut expansion and gut melanization.
2 panied by larger capsules and faster time to melanization.
3 hila melanogaster serpin 27A, a regulator of melanization.
4 ether determine the pattern and intensity of melanization.
5 nocyte material with increased keratinocytic melanization.
6 ted proteins that have a significant role in melanization.
7  tissues contain substrate for C. neoformans melanization.
8 f a single gene can result in a new level of melanization.
9 and their growth in pigeon excreta supported melanization.
10 te, capsule size, proteinase production, and melanization.
11 repair after irradiation enhances UV-induced melanization.
12 e and/or the repair of this damage increases melanization.
13  act as sources of dopamine, a substrate for melanization.
14 biquitous environmental contaminants affects melanization.
15 ggered by appressorium turgor generation and melanization.
16 trol of immune effectors, hematopoiesis, and melanization.
17 how larval photoperiod determines adult wing melanization.
18 ding; its role is to limit infection-induced melanization.
19 host defense systems: the AMP production and melanization.
20 oes, suggesting a specific role for pathogen melanization.
21 reased 12-fold, apparently to interfere with melanization.
22  that a secretory baculoviral P26 suppresses melanization, a prominent insect innate immunity against
23 squito Aedes aegypti, there are two distinct melanization activation pathways carried out by differen
24 ography followed by bioassays indicated that melanization activity was primarily associated with a hi
25    We also reveal a highly important role of melanization against viruses.
26 nophages within the stroma and basaloid cell melanization also contributed to pigmentation.
27 on of the yellow gene, which is required for melanization, among distantly related Drosophila species
28                                              Melanization, an insect immune response, requires a set
29 ly distinct protease subnetworks controlling melanization and antimicrobial activity.
30  suppresses defects of gpa1 mutation in both melanization and capsule formation, the phenotypes regul
31  extracellular protease cascades, leading to melanization and clotting, and intracellular signal tran
32                                     Ookinete melanization and hemolymph phenoloxidase activity were f
33 sites exhibited markedly increased epidermal melanization and increased numbers of melanocytes.
34 hat is similar to the process used in animal melanization and is consistent with the phylogenetic rel
35 cal specificity in the control of Plasmodium melanization and proves CTL4 as an essential host factor
36 ntia nigra from the LND cases showed reduced melanization and reduced immunoreactivity for tyrosine h
37                                              Melanization and Toll pathway activation are essential i
38 his study revealed the complexity underlying melanization and Toll pathway in mosquitoes.
39 PN6 acts on parasite clearance by inhibiting melanization and/or promoting parasite lysis.
40 lar immunity, and phenoloxidase, involved in melanization, and antibacterial activity for humoral imm
41 butable to polysaccharide capsule formation, melanization, and antibody binding may affect C. neoform
42 ontributions of the capsular polysaccharide, melanization, and antibody binding to the capsule to the
43 mination and appressorium formation, blocked melanization, and caused the formation of abnormal appre
44 d dendrite formation, enhanced melanogenesis/melanization, and cell cycle arrest impact the ability o
45 entified RHOJ involvement in UV response and melanization, and confirmed previously identified roles
46 bial peptide (AMP) production, phagocytosis, melanization, and encapsulation.
47 attributes-polysaccharide capsule formation, melanization, and growth at body temperature.
48             Given their high carbon content, melanization, and long persistence, the observed decline
49 fects of glyphosate on C. neoformans growth, melanization, and murine infection.
50 gative regulators, including those for Toll, melanization, and phagocytosis pathways.
51   In Drosophila, the serpin Spn27A regulates melanization apparently by inhibiting the protease that
52 r in association with the lymph gland, while melanizations are located in the gut, salivary gland, an
53 trated by transient OCA2 activity to support melanization at late stages of melanosome maturation, an
54 ation at short photoperiods but no change in melanization at long photoperiods, which is consistent w
55 aring our results to his, we found decreased melanization at short photoperiods but no change in mela
56 quence of alpha-MSH stimulation is increased melanization attributable to induction of pigmentation e
57                            Anopheles gambiae melanization-based refractoriness to the human malaria p
58  knockout, we show that A. gambiae can mount melanization-based refractoriness to the human malaria p
59                                              Melanization before infection did not increase resistanc
60 elanin synthesis, reversed the inhibition of melanization but did not restore appressorium formation.
61 coagulation, phagocytosis, encapsulation and melanization but not the slow-response induction of anti
62 enes are known to be necessary for cuticular melanization, but the involvement of these genes in mela
63 ents suggested this viral protein suppresses melanization by more than one mechanism.
64                                     Tracheal melanization can be activated by the presence of microor
65 ts provide strong evidence that cryptococcal melanization can influence the immune response to infect
66 lirin is implicated in the regulation of the melanization cascade in P. argus by inhibiting peptidase
67 erine proteases, MP1 and MP2, which act in a melanization cascade regulated by Spn27A.
68                                          The melanization cascade, activated by the prophenoloxidase
69 lirus argus with regulatory functions on the melanization cascade.
70 s of PGRP-LC controls the IMD activation and melanization cascades in Drosophila.
71 nd fungi may therefore trigger two different melanization cascades that use MP1 as a common downstrea
72 eral genes have been shown to play a role in melanization, changes in a single gene - the one encodin
73    To assess the role of the HPS3 protein in melanization, cultured melanocytes developed from HPS-3
74 d for wing expansion, cuticle hardening, and melanization during development.
75        Flies lacking dawdle function exhibit melanization even when uninfected.
76                                       Tissue melanization, exemplified by the formation of melanotic
77  linkage map, featuring the network of known melanization genes, serves as a resource for melanism re
78                        This butterfly's wing melanization has a thermoregulatory function and changes
79                       We conclude that wound melanization i) is an important part of innate immunity
80  with increased melanocyte proliferation and melanization in both in vitro models and with increase i
81                                      Lack of melanization in both lineages was associated with loss-o
82   However, whether similar factors influence melanization in C. gattii is unknown.
83 oformans melanin is negatively charged, (iv) melanization in C. neoformans is associated with an incr
84                                              Melanization in C. neoformans is dependent on five addit
85 cal defenses alone increased the area of gut melanization in larger bees and induced possible compens
86                  MP1 is required to activate melanization in response to both bacterial and fungal in
87 ionship may facilitate appropriate epidermal melanization in response to UV-induced DNA damage.
88                            The loss of wound melanization in T. anophthalmus was an apomorphy associa
89  active portion of LPS in mammals, activated melanization in the silkworm Bombyx morii.
90       The results suggest that inhibition of melanization in vivo may facilitate control of C. neofor
91  implicated in the regulation of laccase and melanization, including IPC1, GPA1, MET3, and STE12.
92                                              Melanization interfered with phagocytosis in vivo for en
93                                              Melanization is a potent immune response mediated by phe
94                                         Yet, melanization is an important component of wound healing
95              To learn whether the decline in melanization is associated with a shift from constitutiv
96                                              Melanization is associated with virulence, but there is
97                                Consequently, melanization is modulated by changes in cell-wall compos
98 times during arthropod evolution, indicating melanization is not an indispensable component of wound
99 erial challenge as controls, indicating that melanization is not essential for defense against bacter
100  an essential factor for Plasmodium ookinete melanization, is also required for melanization of bacte
101                                     However, melanization itself dramatically altered the C. neoforma
102 tion of the phenoloxidase cascade leading to melanization, nodule formation, and upregulation of anti
103    However, CLIPA8 is not required for wound melanization nor for melanotic pseudotumor formation in
104 ive leucine-rich repeat protein 1] prevented melanization of 7G8 parasites, reverting the refractory
105  ookinete melanization, is also required for melanization of bacteria in adult mosquitoes.
106 ce inhibits pro-phenoloxidase activation and melanization of bacteria in the hemolymph following micr
107 The phenoloxidase (PO) cascade regulates the melanization of blood (hemolymph) in insects and other a
108 ork nor the cellular interactions underlying melanization of C. neoformans have yielded to comprehens
109                                              Melanization of C. neoformans in the presence of L-dopa
110 mber, Egf1.0, was recently shown to suppress melanization of hemolymph in Manduca sexta in part by in
111 ike protein 8 (TSVP-8) indicated it inhibits melanization of host hemolymph in vitro, while two predi
112 ) histochemistry demonstrated an increase in melanization of melanosomes.
113 vels of reactive oxygen species, which favor melanization of parasites as well as Sephadex beads.
114 neuromelanin in a stepwise process involving melanization of peptides and proteins.
115 ions of TH and DDC are involved in the pupal melanization of S. exigua.
116                    Glycerol accumulation and melanization of the appressorium cell wall collectively
117  genes affecting catecholamine biosynthesis, melanization of the cuticle, and many additional pleiotr
118 plays an essential role in the formation and melanization of the eggshell.
119 requirement of obligatory catecholamines for melanization of the pathogenic fungus Cryptococcus neofo
120  to mice infected with C. neoformans delayed melanization of yeast cells in vivo and prolonged averag
121 free radical formation, taken as an index of melanization, of C. neoformans 24067 cells growing in me
122 promote destruction of pathogens by means of melanization or expression of antimicrobial peptides.
123 hat the ability to inhibit the extracellular melanization pathway is limited to P26s with a signal pe
124           However, the mechanisms underlying melanization pathways are not completely characterized.
125 w in the pupae exactly foreshadows the adult melanization pattern in the abdomen of both species, sug
126 ith histological alterations and an abnormal melanization pattern of the limb, indicate altered dorsa
127  results show that the establishment of wing melanization patterns in Drosophila depends on the veins
128 ed serine protease inhibitor, suppresses the melanization phenotype induced by mutant CHMP2B in the f
129                                 Capsular and melanization phenotypes are associated with virulence.
130 servation demonstrates the importance of the melanization process in understanding the stress respons
131 zation reactions that characterize microbial melanization processes.
132 of melanotic tumors, is controlled by tissue melanization protease (CLIPB8), IMP-1, and Serpin-2.
133 ce in mice, capsule size, colony morphology, melanization, protease production, MICs of antifungal dr
134                                       Immune melanization proteases (IMP-1 and IMP-2) and Serpin-1 me
135 not survive when incubated with amoebae, but melanization protected these cells against killing by am
136  acts at a distance to raise pH and increase melanization rates for nearby cells, which in turn reduc
137 e factors, with differences in capsule size, melanization, rates of nonlytic expulsion from macrophag
138                  We have also shown that the melanization reaction activated by MP1 and MP2 plays an
139                   Here, we describe that the melanization reaction implicated in host defense is acti
140                                          The melanization reaction is used as an immune mechanism in
141                                          The melanization reaction of insects requires activation of
142  whereas incubation of WSSV with an in vitro melanization reaction prior to injection into shrimp sig
143                                          The melanization reaction promoted by the prophenoloxidase-a
144 rge noncovalent complex, which localizes the melanization reaction to the surface of invading microor
145 phenoloxidases (PPOs) are key enzymes of the melanization reaction, which is a prominent defense mech
146 functions downstream of TEP1 to regulate the melanization reaction.
147                 The ontogeny of this ectopic melanization resembled that found in Drosophila species
148      CLIPA14 kd mosquitoes elicited a potent melanization response against Plasmodium berghei ookinet
149 enoloxidase enzyme activity and delay in the melanization response in males flies.
150 de and indicate that suppression of the host melanization response is functionally important for both
151                 Pathogens often suppress the melanization response of host insects, but the underlyin
152 ome pathogens are capable of suppressing the melanization response of host insects, but the virulence
153                                          The melanization response of late-instar larvae was reduced
154 timicrobial peptide genes and suppresses the melanization response to the nematode.
155 ders: the Toll pathway, the Imd pathway, the melanization response, and phagocytosis by plasmatocytes
156 n of infection foci-together with the host's melanization response, formed the basis of H. zea's resi
157 e in the hindgut and causes a characteristic melanization response.
158 these two SPHs act in concert to control the melanization response.
159 nhibitor that strongly suppresses the insect melanization response.
160 factors responsible for disabling the insect melanization response.
161 CLIP as key activators or suppressors of the melanization responses of Anopheles gambiae to Plasmodiu
162 our current understanding of the An. gambiae melanization responses to Plasmodium.
163         Unexpectedly, we found that tracheal melanization resulting from Spn77Ba disruption induces s
164                                    Increased melanization results in an enhanced capacity to absorb e
165 d catecholamines revealed that C. neoformans melanization simultaneously incorporated more than one c
166 lly-significant differences as a function of melanization status occurred in CN.
167 xidase activity, haemocyte concentration and melanization strength), along with foliar chemistry, to
168 ation, we propose a model for C. neoformans' melanization that is similar to the process used in anim
169 elanomas undergo a characteristic decline in melanization that may reflect altered contributions of k
170 the hemocyte-mediated encapsulation and into melanizations that are not encapsulated by hemocytes.
171 otes yellow pigment formation and suppresses melanization, the expression difference and genetic asso
172 nous obligatory catecholamine precursors for melanization to produce isotopically enriched pigment "g
173 zed in the hemocoel, but the contribution of melanization to survival after bacterial infections has
174 olamines found in brain tissue in supporting melanization using animal brain tissue and synthetic cat
175                                              Melanization was slower at 37 degrees C. but by day 14,
176                           The speed of wound melanization was uncorrelated with a difference in metab
177  assays measuring antimicrobial activity and melanization, we identified 27 immunoregulatory CLIPs.
178 ion in these modified bristles reduces their melanization, which changes their structure and causes d
179                 In arthropods, they regulate melanization, which plays an important role in immune de
180 agosomal pH and promotes brain invasion, and melanization, which protects against immune cells and an
181            As in extant birds, the extensive melanization would have provided structural advantages t

 
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