ライフサイエンスコーパス: meningitis

1 Ugandan adults at diagnosis of cryptococcal meningitis.

2 ted with all-cause mortality in cryptococcal meningitis.

3 and preemptive fluconazole for those without meningitis.

4 effective monitoring of vaccine-preventable meningitis.

5 valuated the impact of PCV13 on pneumococcal meningitis.

6 mococcus is a leading cause of pneumonia and meningitis.

7 gen (CrAg) precedes symptomatic cryptococcal meningitis.

8 ral distinct fungi, cerebrospinal fluid, and meningitis.

9 or teaching hospitals with clinical signs of meningitis.

10 among hospitalized adults with cryptococcal meningitis.

11 e impact of PCV13 on pediatric pneumonia and meningitis.

12 redominant serogroup causing N. meningitidis meningitis.

13 ge is a risk factor for developing bacterial meningitis.

14 2) and 11% (6/54) had confirmed tuberculous meningitis.

15 r to identify optimal dosing for tuberculous meningitis.

16 ne disease that can lead to life-threatening meningitis.

17 anule cell neuronopathy, encephalopathy, and meningitis.

18 terial middle ear infections, pneumonia, and meningitis.

19 flammatory manifestations, including aseptic meningitis.

20 ong 30 hospitalized adults with cryptococcal meningitis.

21 ancis Small Teaching Hospital with suspected meningitis.

22 eceiving a lumbar puncture for evaluation of meningitis.

23 ses (2.7%: 98/3644) were confirmed bacterial meningitis.

24 infections, including pneumonia, sepsis, and meningitis.

25 sity Hospital Center Yopougon with suspected meningitis.

26 an differentiate between bacterial and viral meningitis.

27 t lungworm, is a major cause of eosinophilic meningitis.

28 with cerebrospinal fluid to diagnose fungal meningitis.

29 cohort study of community-acquired bacterial meningitis.

30 , responsible for pneumonia, septicaemia and meningitis.

31 ons, including wound and eye infections, and meningitis.

32 )-beta-d-glucan measurement to detect fungal meningitis.

33 a and meningitis in pigs as well as zoonotic meningitis.

34 -beta-d-glucan is detectable in cryptococcal meningitis.

35 ficant cause of otitis media, pneumonia, and meningitis.

36 primarily as a nonspecific marker of fungal meningitis.

37 ndpoint of mice with Cryptococcus neoformans meningitis.

38 sease severity and mortality in cryptococcal meningitis.

39 0029), dysentery (0.65, 0.44-0.94; p=0.025), meningitis (0.67, 0.46-0.97; p=0.036), and pneumonia (0.

40 ale score, <5) in 24 episodes with recurrent meningitis (17%) vs 810 for nonrecurrent meningitis pati

41 (46%) or pneumonia (12%) and less often with meningitis (17%, P < .001).

42 One survivor had suffered cryptococcal meningitis 2 years prior.

43 was 6-fold higher than that of meningococcal meningitis (28% vs 5%).

44 Children with meningitis (29; 25%) were more often infected by serotyp

45 rological disease had findings suggestive of meningitis, 31 (72%) children showed evidence of encepha

46 Of the 21 142 suspected cases of meningitis, 5590 were confirmed: Neisseria meningitidis

47 ections and 16 were diagnosed with bacterial meningitis (8%).

48 treptococcus pneumoniae, rotavirus, measles, meningitis A, rubella, and yellow fever to approximate t

49 Although infection typically results in meningitis, a broad spectrum of CNS involvement and seve

50 tations predisposing pneumococcus to causing meningitis, a more severe form of invasive pneumococcal

51 ct mice against S. aureus-induced sepsis and meningitis after DA treatment.

52 tal-based sentinel surveillance of bacterial meningitis among children <5 years of age in The Gambia,

53 tion is effective in preventing pneumococcal meningitis among children <5 years of age in the Maritim

54 ion of hospitalizations due to pneumonia and meningitis among children aged <5 years at Harare Centra

55 nzae type b remain associated with bacterial meningitis among children aged <5 years in Cote d'Ivoire

56 cipants had confirmed CSF CrAg+ cryptococcal meningitis and 4% (54/1201) had neurologic symptomatic c

57 irmed invasive bacterial infection including meningitis and AMR among neonates in sub-Saharan Africa

58 CrAg titer predicts meningitis and death and could be used in the future to

59 r deaths in children aged 1-59 months due to meningitis and dysentery, and a fifth fewer deaths due t

60 assay for diagnosis of infectious causes of meningitis and encephalitis from cerebrospinal fluid (CS

61 c NGS of CSF for the diagnosis of infectious meningitis and encephalitis in hospitalized patients.

62 e hepatitis, neurological disease, including meningitis and encephalitis, and even death.

63 017, we screened 842 patients with suspected meningitis and enrolled 460 of a planned 550 participant

64 coccal (n = 31) and noncryptococcal (n = 12) meningitis and in heathy control subjects with neither i

65 geting infections such as bacterial neonatal meningitis and is an important step for the continued de

66 rpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) is an important cause of meningitis and meningoencephalitis.

67 ers in blood are associated with subclinical meningitis and mortality in CrAg-positive individuals wi

68 lammatory syndromes, including encephalitis, meningitis and myelitis.

69 variation in susceptibility to pneumococcal meningitis and one-third of variation in severity, ident

70 In the prevaccine period, bacterial meningitis and pneumonia hospitalizations accounted for

71 introduction was associated with declines in meningitis and pneumonia hospitalizations in Zambia, esp

72 We evaluated the impact of PCV10 on meningitis and pneumonia hospitalizations.

73 ober 2016, hospitalization data for clinical meningitis and pneumonia in children aged <5 years were

74 nd treat those with subclinical cryptococcal meningitis and preemptive fluconazole for those without

75 the blood prior to development of fulminant meningitis and preemptive treatment for CrAg-positive pe

76 Postmortem cryptococcal meningitis and pulmonary cryptococcosis were identified

77 have shown associations between cryptococcal meningitis and reduced IgM memory B cell levels, and stu

78 sseria meningitidis remains a major cause of meningitis and sepsis in humans.

79 meningitidis is a leading cause of bacterial meningitis and sepsis worldwide and an occasional cause

80 al morbidity and mortality due to pneumonia, meningitis and sepsis.

81 of inflammation-associated diseases such as meningitis and sepsis.

82 isseria meningitidis causes life-threatening meningitis and sepsis.

83 Two others developed cryptococcal meningitis and survived.

84 Cryptococcal meningitis and tuberculosis are both important causes of

85 Cryptococcal meningitis and tuberculosis are both important causes of

86 ses to determine the prevalence of bacterial meningitis and vaccine impact across the country.

87 ptoms, signs, or a diagnosis of cryptococcal meningitis) and those in treatment failure should switch

88 choroid plexus and ependymal lining, marked meningitis, and 100% mortality within 2 weeks postinfect

89 lture-confirmed pneumococcal and tuberculous meningitis, and all patients with culture-negative menin

90 in severe symptoms, including encephalitis, meningitis, and death.

91 oduction, pneumococcal meningitis, bacterial meningitis, and pneumonia hospitalizations declined.

92 e in neonates and can present as septicemia, meningitis, and pneumonia.

93 zed episodes of community-acquired bacterial meningitis associated with CSF leakage from a prospectiv

94 three reported adverse events (cryptococcal meningitis, asymptomatic anaemia, and asymptomatic neutr

95 n among children with confirmed pneumococcal meningitis at HCH and acute respiratory infection (ARI)

96 were defined as any possible complication of meningitis, bacteremic pneumonia, or bacteremia (includi

97 Following PCV10 introduction, pneumococcal meningitis, bacterial meningitis, and pneumonia hospital

98 herapy model for studying bacterial neonatal meningitis based on Escherichia coli (E. coli) EV36, bac

99 Mumps virus (MuV) caused the most viral meningitis before mass immunization.

100 In 2010, Niger and other meningitis belt countries introduced a meningococcal ser

101 complete MACV introduction in the remaining meningitis belt countries to ensure long-term herd prote

102 have been responsible for focal epidemics in meningitis belt countries.

103 vaccine (MACV) was introduced in 21 African meningitis belt countries.

104 onjugate vaccine, MenAfriVac, in the African meningitis belt has eliminated serogroup A meningococcal

105 g 2014, 4 regions in Togo within the African meningitis belt implemented vaccination campaigns with m

106 rove meningococcal disease prevention within meningitis belt populations.

107 lout has continued in other countries in the meningitis belt through mass preventive campaigns and, m

108 Until recently, countries in the African meningitis belt were susceptible to devastating outbreak

109 lic health threat, especially in the African meningitis belt where Neisseria meningitidis serogroup A

110 problem, especially in the countries of the meningitis belt, where Neisseria meningitidis serogroup

111 ingococcal conjugate vaccine within Africa's meningitis belt, will enhance meningococcal disease prev

112 been made in countries within and beyond the meningitis belt.

113 years have been immunised across the African meningitis belt.

114 r how pneumococcus is causing disease in the meningitis belt.

115 ce in key high-risk countries of the African meningitis belt: Burkina Faso, Chad, Mali, Niger, and To

116 264 episodes of community-acquired bacterial meningitis between 2006 and 2018, 143 (6%) were identifi

117 g to monitor the impact of these programs on meningitis burden in sub-Saharan Africa.

118 similar degrees of necrotizing hepatitis and meningitis, but only RSA59 (PP) produced widespread ence

119 cin doses may improve outcome of tuberculous meningitis, but the desirable exposure and necessary dos

120 To support the initiative to eliminate meningitis by 2030, continued efforts are needed to stre

121 To support the goals of "Defeating Meningitis by 2030," MenAfriNet will continue to strengt

122 cific meningitis case fatality and bacterial meningitis case data from surveillance studies.

123 pathogen was derived from pathogen-specific meningitis case fatality and bacterial meningitis case d

124 Pneumococcal meningitis case fatality rate was 6-fold higher than tha

125 lated with the ratio of pneumococcal and Hib meningitis case fatality to pneumococcal and Hib meningi

126 ptimised combination therapies for confirmed meningitis cases and cryptococcal antigen screening prog

127 (PCV) introduction in 2011, annual suspected meningitis cases and deaths (case fatality rate) progres

128 boratory capacity ensures rapid detection of meningitis cases and outbreaks and a public health respo

129 National surveillance targeted meningitis cases caused by Neisseria meningitidis, Haemo

130 serogroup A (NmA) among confirmed bacterial meningitis cases decreased from 254 (86.4%) during 2010-

131 Suspected meningitis cases decreased from 923 in 2010 to 219 in 20

132 Suspected and confirmed meningitis cases from January 1, 2010 to July 15, 2018 w

133 Nearly half the pneumococcal meningitis cases successfully serotyped (46.4%: 13/28) w

134 laboratory data were collected on suspected meningitis cases through case-based meningitis surveilla

135 Confirmed meningitis cases were analyzed by age group and subregio

136 From 2015 to 2017, 18 262 suspected meningitis cases were identified through case-based surv

137 m January 11 to July 5, 2016, 1995 suspected meningitis cases were reported, with 128 deaths.

138 Among 49 844 reported meningitis cases, 1670 (3.3%) were laboratory-confirmed.

139 on and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) results for meningitis cases.

140 gitis has been found to occur in about 5% of meningitis cases.

141 Meningitis caused by N. meningitidis was more common in

142 evel CSF data from 3 sequential cryptococcal meningitis clinical trials conducted during 2010-2017.

143 otericin B (L-AmB) regimens for cryptococcal meningitis (CM) in Tanzania and Botswana.

144 mmunodeficiency virus (HIV) and cryptococcal meningitis coinfection are ill defined.

145 syndrome (502 [45%]); sepsis, pneumonia and meningitis (combined as neonatal infections; 331 [30%]),

146 ci show 2.8-fold odds (95% CI 1.7 to 4.8) of meningitis compared to those infected by non-pbp1b641C p

147 e in adults with HIV-associated cryptococcal meningitis compared with placebo.

148 immunocompromised persons with cryptococcal meningitis contributes directly to this mortality or may

149 immunocompromised persons with cryptococcal meningitis contributes directly to this mortality or may

150 damental manifestations of neuroborreliosis (meningitis, cranial neuritis, and radiculoneuritis), as

151 The proportion of meningitis deaths attributable to each pathogen was deri

152 ons to modelled state-specific pneumonia and meningitis deaths from 2000 to 2015 prepared by the WHO

153 Streptococcus pneumoniae meningitis decreased from 34 in 2014, to 16 in 2016.

154 irculating antigen in blood before fulminant meningitis develops, when early antifungal therapy impro

155 oy taking oral antibiotics for Fusobacterium meningitis diagnosed 3 months earlier presented to the e

156 Pneumococcal meningitis diagnosed by RT-PCR declined from 14% in 2012

157 August/September/October peak in enteroviral meningitis did not occur in 2020, possibly related to CO

158 There were 4008 suspected cases of meningitis during the surveillance period, of which 31 (

159 f 1013 children were admitted with suspected meningitis during the surveillance period.

160 of 438 children were admitted with suspected meningitis during the surveillance period.

161 clerosis, central nervous system infections, meningitis, encephalitis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis,

162 hort of pediatric patients hospitalized with meningitis, encephalitis, and/or myelitis showed 92% sen

163 inal fluid (CSF) using the BioFire FilmArray meningitis/encephalitis (FA-M/E) panel permits rapid, si

164 utilization and performance of the FilmArray meningitis/encephalitis (ME) panel has received limited

165 s more readily available using the FilmArray Meningitis/Encephalitis panel (FA-ME; BioFire Diagnostic

166 implex, varicella zoster, and enteroviruses) meningitis/encephalitis, neuroborreliosis, autoimmune ne

167 ase-based meningitis surveillance to monitor meningitis epidemiology and impact of meningococcal sero

168 itis surveillance to monitor MACV impact and meningitis epidemiology.

169 diagnosis may lead to complications such as meningitis, epidural abscess, and/or vertebral osteomyel

170 The episode was a recurrent meningitis episode in 38 patients (59%).

171 Haemophilus influenzae meningitis fluctuated over the surveillance period and w

172 ) concentrations specifically favor CC17 GBS meningitis following mice oral infection.

173 group, including changes in vaccine-type Spn meningitis following PCV introduction.

174 luated declines in vaccine-type pneumococcal meningitis following pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV

175 serohilum rostratum One study in Histoplasma meningitis found 53% (53/87) sensitivity and 87% (133/15

176 ificity, while another study of Cryptococcus meningitis found 89% (69/78) sensitivity and 85% (33/39)

177 Thus, meningitis-free survival at 6 months was 61% (14/23).

178 Thus, meningitis-free survival at 6-months was 61% (14/23).

179 gandans living with HIV who had cryptococcal meningitis from 2010-2012.

180 ruited HIV-positive adults with cryptococcal meningitis from two hospitals in Uganda.

181 persons with advanced AIDS and cryptococcal meningitis had detectable CMV viremia.

182 Recurrent bacterial meningitis has been found to occur in about 5% of mening

183 In children, the incidence of pneumococcal meningitis has decreased since the introduction of pneum

184 Post-PCV13 introduction, meningitis hospitalization decreased 30% annually (95% c

185 At first-level care hospitals, pneumonia and meningitis hospitalizations among children aged <5 years

186 d <1 year and 1-4 years, respectively, while meningitis hospitalizations declined by 72.1% (95% CI 63

187 Meningitis hospitalizations remained stable for children

188 are at high risk of developing cryptococcal meningitis if untreated.

189 sglycosylase domain) that is associated with meningitis in an exploratory cohort of IPD patients (n =

190 ever, the persistence of vaccine-preventable meningitis in children aged <5 years is a major concern

191 and S. pneumoniae remain important causes of meningitis in children in Niger.

192 ns are the second most common cause of viral meningitis in children.

193 o determine the impact of PCV10 on bacterial meningitis in hospitalized children <5 years of age.

194 d have been associated with encephalitis and meningitis in immunocompromised individuals.

195 incidence of clinically evident cryptococcal meningitis in individuals living with advanced human imm

196 or the treatment of HIV-related cryptococcal meningitis in LMICs is 1 week of amphotericin B plus flu

197 ity associated with HIV-related cryptococcal meningitis in low-income and middle-income countries (LM

198 infections, including early onset sepsis and meningitis in newborns.

199 rain that recently caused large epidemics of meningitis in Niger and Nigeria.

200 We describe the epidemiology of bacterial meningitis in Niger from 2010 to 2018.

201 Bacterial meningitis in patients with CSF leakage has a high recur

202 an also be pathogenic, causing pneumonia and meningitis in pigs as well as zoonotic meningitis.

203 olecular epidemiology of pediatric bacterial meningitis in Yaounde from 2010 to 2016.

204 In 2017, pneumococcal meningitis incidence was 2.7 overall and 10.5 (<1 year),

205 Meningococcal meningitis incidence was highest in the regions of Niame

206 Bacterial meningitis is a major cause of morbidity and mortality i

207 Identifying new antifungals for cryptococcal meningitis is a priority given the inadequacy of current

208 Cryptococcal meningitis is one of the most common life-threatening di

209 of critically ill patients with tuberculous meningitis is poor and many patients do not have access

210 Enteroviral meningitis is seasonal, typically exhibiting a rise in p

211 Tuberculous meningitis is the most severe form of tuberculosis and o

212 litis, acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, meningitis, ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke, venous sinu

213 Hib caused 67% (2/3) of the H. influenzae meningitis isolates serotyped.

214 With cryptococcal meningitis, lower frequencies of expression of the regul

215 luded in the study were diagnosed with HHV-6 meningitis/meningoencephalitis.

216 C. neoformans in a mouse intravenous (i.v.) meningitis model.

217 Meningitis mostly due to non-vaccine serotypes and disea

218 linical manifestations include encephalitis, meningitis, myocarditis, and sepsis, which can lead to s

219 ngitis case fatality to pneumococcal and Hib meningitis NPNM case fatality.

220 hose CrAg-positive, we obtained ART history, meningitis occurrence, and 6-month survival via medical

221 were CrAg positive, we obtained ART history, meningitis occurrence, and 6-month survival via medical

222 Recurrent meningitis occurs mainly in patients with ear or sinus i

223 ationwide confirmed independent predictor of meningitis (odds ratio [OR], 10.5; P = .001), as was seq

224 llance included 2580 patients with suspected meningitis, of whom 80.8% (2085/2580) had CSF collected.

225 nomic NGS of CSF obtained from patients with meningitis or encephalitis improved diagnosis of neurolo

226 bovirus infection range from no symptoms, to meningitis or encephalitis, to death.

227 ve patients were diagnosed with either HHV-6 meningitis or meningoencephalitis based on HHV-6 detecti

228 owed by symptoms such as carditis, neuritis, meningitis, or arthritis if not treated.

229 t severe complications such as encephalitis, meningitis, or orchitis can also occur.

230 ngitis presenting with liquorrhea, recurrent meningitis, or with disease caused by H. influenzae.

231 d serogroup A outbreaks, large meningococcal meningitis outbreaks due to other serogroups may continu

232 against meningococcal serogroup A to prevent meningitis outbreaks in the northern region of Togo.

233 validated method was used to investigate two meningitis outbreaks recently reported in Togo and Burki

234 ated with increased Streptococcus pneumoniae meningitis outside of the postoperative period (no prior

235 by the IMMY LFA, none developed cryptococcal meningitis over 3 months of follow-up without fluconazol

236 action; 22 (76%) were positive for bacterial meningitis pathogens, 16 (73%) of which were Neisseria m

237 r culture-free characterization of bacterial meningitis pathogens.

238 ent meningitis (17%) vs 810 for nonrecurrent meningitis patients (39%, P < .001).

239 disease outcome in HIV-infected cryptococcal meningitis patients infected with Cryptococcus neoforman

240 wer case fatality compared with nonrecurrent meningitis patients.

241 Pediatric bacterial meningitis (PBM) remains an important cause of disease i

242 d'Ivoire has implemented pediatric bacterial meningitis (PBM) surveillance at 2 sentinel hospitals in

243 establish the burden of pediatric bacterial meningitis (PBM).

244 In cryptococcal meningitis phase 2 clinical trials, early fungicidal act

245 The decline in the numbers of S. pneumoniae meningitis post-PCV13 is encouraging and should continue

246 There has been a decline in pneumococcal meningitis post-pneumococcal conjugate vaccine introduct

247 ould be suspected in patients with bacterial meningitis presenting with liquorrhea, recurrent meningi

248 serotypes made up 88% (7/8) of S. pneumoniae meningitis prevaccination and 20% (5/20) postvaccination

249 all, and in 43.9% and 48.5% of patients with meningitis (primarily children).

250 ia, which frequently accompanies tuberculous meningitis, remain to be elucidated.

251 Acute bacterial meningitis remains a major cause of childhood mortality

252 In sub-Saharan Africa, bacterial meningitis remains a significant public health problem,

253 Meningococcal meningitis remains a significant public health threat, e

254 Meningococcal meningitis remains a substantial cause of mortality and

255 Mortality from cryptococcal meningitis remains very high in Africa.

256 Bacterial neonatal meningitis results in high mortality and morbidity rates

257 N. meningitis serogroup C belonging to the hypervirulent cl

258 ascertainment in case-based versus aggregate meningitis surveillance and an analysis of surveillance

259 Case-based meningitis surveillance collects case-level demographic

260 pport strategic implementation of case-based meningitis surveillance in 5 key countries: Burkina Faso

261 scribe findings from sentinel site bacterial meningitis surveillance in children <5 years of age in t

262 ports strategic implementation of case-based meningitis surveillance in key high-risk countries of th

263 uspected meningitis cases through case-based meningitis surveillance in participating districts in 5

264 d Health Organization recommended case-based meningitis surveillance to monitor MACV impact and menin

265 rting strategic implementation of case-based meningitis surveillance to monitor meningitis epidemiolo

266 el site surveillance for pediatric bacterial meningitis surveillance.

267 ink CSF laboratory records from the national meningitis survey to patient vital registry and HIV data

268 4-15 were sampled from the Botswana national meningitis survey, a nationwide audit of all cerebrospin

269 eatment predictors of death from tuberculous meningitis (TBM) are well established, but whether outco

270 omated PCR assay, as the initial tuberculous meningitis (TBM) diagnostic test.

271 Tuberculous meningitis (TBM) is a devastating infection of the centr

272 Tuberculous meningitis (TBM) is the most severe form of TB with high

273 The delayed diagnosis of tuberculous meningitis (TBM) leads to poor outcomes, yet the current

274 in the brain of individuals with tuberculous meningitis (TBM) may reflect the host's ability to contr

275 Neurological complications of tuberculous meningitis (TBM) often lead to raised intracranial press

276 ) inflammation, and outcome from tuberculous meningitis (TBM).

277 neurosurgical interventions for tuberculous meningitis that will improve morbidity and mortality.

278 orically focused on the clinical syndrome of meningitis, the classic presentation for NmA, and may no

279 CSF lactate in individuals with cryptococcal meningitis to determine its clinical significance.

280 In the Advancing Cryptococcal Meningitis Treatment for Africa (ACTA) trial, 2 weeks of

281 participants from the Advancing Cryptococcal Meningitis Treatment for Africa trial were followed for

282 FC to FLU is cost-effective for cryptococcal meningitis treatment in Africa and, if made available wi

283 ral and fungal pneumonias (up to 10.8-fold), meningitis (up to 5.3-fold), as well as humoral deficien

284 ing response in AIDS-associated cryptococcal meningitis using clinical isolates from a randomized con

285 Meningitis Vaccine Project and Institut Pasteur.

286 iVac), was developed with the support of the Meningitis Vaccine Project.

287 Bacterial meningitis was confirmed in 21.4% (69/323) of all CSF sa

288 Bacterial meningitis was confirmed in 273 patients: 48% (131/273)

289 umococcal, tuberculous, and culture-negative meningitis was high in this setting of high HIV prevalen

290 Emergence of H. influenzae nontypeable meningitis was observed after H. influenzae type b vacci

291 The predominant pneumococcal lineage causing meningitis was sequence type 618 (n = 7), commonly found

292 Meningitis was the most common clinical presentation amo

293 ed neonatal infection (sepsis, pneumonia, or meningitis), we collected time-stamped, direct observati

294 A total of 10 919 suspected cases of meningitis were admitted to the sentinel hospitals.

295 No cases of bacterial or viral meningitis were detected by CSF PCR or culture.

296 A total of 5134 children with suspected meningitis were enrolled at the participating hospitals;

297 distributed in the systemic strains causing meningitis, whereas type P(O) is found in asymptomatic c

298 infected individuals developing cryptococcal meningitis with CD4 >=100 cells/muL presented more frequ

299 itis, and all patients with culture-negative meningitis with CSF white cell count (WCC) above 20 cell

300 the most common causative agents of aseptic meningitis worldwide and are particularly devastating in