ライフサイエンスコーパス: microplastic

1 occur simultaneously due to the ingestion of microplastic.

2 nsity functions that represent environmental microplastic.

3 r strongly affecting the sinking behavior of microplastics.

4 in studies of the ecological risks posed by microplastics.

5 ples, and four techniques for characterizing microplastics.

6 unt of organic debris on the distribution of microplastics.

7 les to identify whether particles are indeed microplastics.

8 spatial intensity indicated the presence of microplastics.

9 All 8 stool samples tested positive for microplastics.

10 hy, which may increase the risk of ingesting microplastics.

11 wever, up to 46% of faecal pellets contained microplastics.

12 Although the fates of microplastics (0.1-5 mm in size) and nanoplastics (<100

13 A median of 20 microplastics (50 to 500 um in size) per 10 g of human s

14 two of eight WTWs in their potable water had microplastics above the limit of quantification.

15 Microplastic abundance in surface waters underlying ice

16 Although no difference in microplastic abundance was found among regions, the valu

17 To gain further insight about the issue, microplastic abundance, distribution and composition in

18 ound between the cause of death category and microplastic abundance, indicating that animals that die

19 A statistically significant decrease in microplastics abundance from the flood tide to the ebb t

20 Investigations of microplastic abundances in freshwater environments have

21 there was no significant difference between microplastic abundances in urban versus rural locations,

22 nd characterized for shape, color, and size, microplastic abundances were normalized to the results f

23 ique for microplastics to address the global microplastic accumulation issue.

24 Additionally, we aimed to highlight whether microplastic accumulation was related to sample depth or

25 Here, we aimed to determine whether microplastic accumulation would vary among Antarctic and

26 microplastics ingestion or whether ingesting microplastics affects heterotrophic feeding in corals is

27 the viability of a non-invasive approach for microplastic analyses in Antarctic penguins.

28 itable and efficient method for standardized microplastic analysis in the soil matrix has yet to be f

29 cal analysis, sample preparation for smaller microplastic analysis is usually more difficult.

30 Here, we provide evidence of ingestion of microplastic and other anthropogenic fibres in four deme

31 comprehensively assess the current loads of microplastic and to compare the results obtained by such

32 , 1.56) for faecal pellets with polyethylene microplastics and 1.47-fold (95% CI = 1.34, 1.61) for po

33 grees C) releases approximately 11.6 billion microplastics and 3.1 billion nanoplastics into a single

34 To account for the effects of aging on microplastics and associated changes to Raman spectra, w

35 cumulations, can control the distribution of microplastics and create hotspots with the highest conce

36 PE microplastics and macroplastics from identifiable PE pac

37 e and an important baseline for ingestion of microplastics and other anthropogenic fibres in native U

38 sis, drug delivery, and the effects of small microplastics and particulates on cells.

39 ermine whether plastic teabags could release microplastics and/or nanoplastics during a typical steep

40 entally relevant concentrations of biofouled microplastics, and (V) prioritization of gaining a mecha

41 investigate how turbidity currents transport microplastics, and their role in differential burial of

42 sea surface microlayer (SML) as a vector for microplastics, and use SML sampling to assess microplast

43 sources may be ingesting an additional 90000 microplastics annually, compared to 4000 microplastics f

44 Microplastics are contaminants of increasing global envi

45 Microplastics are defined as microscopic plastic particl

46 Although microplastics are known to pervade the global seafloor,

47 he spatial distribution and ultimate fate of microplastics are strongly controlled by near-bed thermo

48 Previous studies propose that microplastics are transported to the seafloor by vertica

49 Microplastics are ubiquitous contaminants, with prelimin

50 Microplastics are ubiquitous in natural environments.

51 Microplastics are ubiquitous pollutants within the marin

52 Microplastics are widespread emerging pollutants, and in

53 macroplastics) or neutrally-buoyant (smaller microplastics) are investigated.

54 ctured in this size range, whereas secondary microplastics arise from the fragmentation of larger obj

55 sed (~30 degrees C) temperature and then fed microplastics, Artemia nauplii, or both.

56 e current knowledge regarding these distinct microplastic-associated bacterial communities and microp

57 o date most microplastic studies used virgin microplastics at unrealistic environmental concentration

58 of Raman spectroscopy parameters specific to microplastics based on color, morphology, and size.

59 to the settling motion of initially floating microplastics based on density-modification.

60 od of spectral matching for a broad range of microplastics because our libraries include plastics con

61 We show that shape affects microplastic bioavailability to different species of zoo

62 In this study, different types of microplastics [biodegradable polylactic acid (PLA)], con

63 and, have been recognized as a major sink of microplastics, but the impacts of microplastics on soil

64 ulation of the color distributions of marine microplastics by the selective action of visual predator

65 Microplastics can affect biophysical properties of the s

66 eparation and sorting of microparticles like microplastics, cells, and crystal polymorphs.

67 wastewater effluents and drinking water, (2) microplastic characteristics (i.e., size, color, shape,

68 tional high-density polyethylene (HDPE), and microplastic clothing fibers were added to soil containi

69 ved transport behaviors of nanoparticles and microplastics (colloids) in environmental granular media

70 cs is highly variable among species and that microplastic concentration differs between organisms of

71 However, under future microplastic concentrations (or in areas such as converg

72 in size ranges as used by studies reporting microplastic concentrations and demonstrate how this red

73 s m(-3)) were orders of magnitude lower than microplastic concentrations in sea ice cores (2-17 parti

74 A statement of depth-variable microplastic concentrations is therefore mainly useful f

75 will facilitate the acquisition of inhalable microplastic concentrations, which are necessary for und

76 be indicated to better evaluate the detected microplastic concentrations.

77 how the source of drinking water may affect microplastic consumption were also explored.

78 ans' caloric intake, we estimate that annual microplastics consumption ranges from 39000 to 52000 par

79 Microplastic contamination of river sediments has been f

80 culture the fastest growing food sector, and microplastic contamination of shellfish increasingly dem

81 Microplastic contamination of the marine environment is

82 The compiled studies address microplastic contamination using four types of sample co

83 in urban versus rural locations, the average microplastic count for urban samples was greater (269 vs

84 Microplastic debris is a pervasive environmental contami

85 Spike recoveries for 63-90 mum polyamide microplastics demonstrated 101% (standard deviation, SD

86 These data are the first measurements of microplastic deposition in rivers, and directly inform m

87 d accumulation of 24 000 +/- 940 kg y(-1) of microplastics destined for application on US agricultura

88 Microplastic distribution was modeled by a wind-driven v

89 Standard ecotoxicological testing of microplastic does not provide insight into the influence

90 We reviewed 105 microplastic effect studies with aquatic biota, provided

91 we propose a method to assess the quality of microplastic effect studies.

92 d the behavior, and hence predictability, of microplastic entrainment during floods.

93 tions, which are necessary for understanding microplastic exposure and, ultimately, what their potent

94 understand the potential chronic effects of microplastic exposure on animal health, particularly as

95 The sources of microplastic exposure, such as packaging and handling wi

96 When exposed to fibers or PLA microplastics, fewer seeds germinated.

97 d mobility through the column were found for microplastic fibers (>95% retention).

98 Microplastic fibers (MPFs) have been found to be a major

99 Current understanding of the fate of microplastic fibers suggests that a large fraction of th

100 In this study, nanoplastic particles and microplastic fibers were synthesized with a passive inor

101 000 microplastics annually, compared to 4000 microplastics for those who consume only tap water.

102 pectral libraries that are representative of microplastics found in environmental samples.

103 Microplastic fragment accumulation correlated significan

104 cs, and their role in differential burial of microplastic fragments and fibers.

105 We show that microplastic fragments become relatively concentrated wi

106 has proven to be effective at distinguishing microplastics from inorganic and some biological materia

107 ibrary searching is not suitable to identify microplastics from real environmental samples automatica

108 ddition of ~50 microplastics mL(-1) of nylon microplastic granules (10-30 mum) or fibers (10 x 30 mum

109 their applicability by identifying airborne microplastics >4.7 mum in an outdoor particulate matter

110 ntification of both virgin and environmental microplastics >=2 mum in size.

111 Microplastics >=25 mum were analyzed using Fourier-trans

112 n spectral imaging for the identification of microplastics (>=2 mum) in ambient particulate matter, u

113 ement of exposure concentrations of airborne microplastics guiding future toxicological assessments.

114 Ingestion of microplastics has been described in marine organisms, wh

115 Microplastics have been found in water and sediments of

116 In this study, the emissions of macro- and microplastics have been mapped for seven polymers in Swi

117 Microplastics have been observed in indoor and outdoor a

118 udied but what is less clear is what impacts microplastics have on wider ecosystem processes.

119 entage of clay within cores, suggesting that microplastics have similar dispersion behavior to low de

120 biodiversity hotspots are also likely to be microplastic hotspots.

121 Rivers are a source of microplastic (i.e., particles <5 mm) to oceans, but few

122 osystems, we thus investigated the effect of microplastics (i.e., microfibers) and drought, a factor

123 zes tested and those targeted when analyzing microplastic in environmental samples.

124 the presence and shape of 10 common types of microplastic in stool samples.

125 Microfibers (mf) are the most common type of microplastic in the environment.

126 in our understanding of the true effects of microplastic in the environment.

127 Much of the macro- and microplastic in the ocean ends up on the seafloor, with

128 and parametrize a chemical exchange model on microplastics in a gut fluid mimic of aquatic biota, and

129 f this study was to assess the occurrence of microplastics in a top predator, the gentoo penguin Pygo

130 ional dataset on the spatial distribution of microplastics in benthic sediment from Lake Michigan and

131 used to collect, quantify, and characterize microplastics in both wastewater and drinking water.

132 troscopy will allow proper quantification of microplastics in complex beverage matrices.

133 cation, and identification/quantification of microplastics in complex environmental matrices, with th

134 According to this, microplastics in detectable particle sizes (>100 mum) ar

135 Knowledge about microplastics in environmental compartments of the Arcti

136 (MPFs) have been found to be a major form of microplastics in freshwaters, and washing of synthetic t

137 ay be possible to remediate or remove legacy microplastics in future.

138 , particle size, and polymer compositions of microplastics in Lake Michigan and Lake Erie sediment we

139 the factors that control the distribution of microplastics in river systems.

140 To achieve this, the presence of microplastics in scats (as a proof of ingestion) was inv

141 ally distribute and bury large quantities of microplastics in seafloor sediments.

142 ideally suitable for the analysis of smaller microplastics in soil samples, but slight modifications

143 Microplastics in soils can affect plant performance, as

144 Research on microplastics in soils is still uncommon, and the existi

145 l cluster analysis for the identification of microplastics in spectral data sets.

146 The origin and fate of microplastics in the gastrointestinal tract were not inv

147 le information for assessment of the fate of microplastics in the Great Lakes.

148 ften packaged in plastic, can be a source of microplastics in the human diet.

149 ay be at an increased risk of ingesting aged microplastics in the marine environment.

150 n the past decade, an alarm was raised about microplastics in the remote and seemingly pristine Arcti

151 Quantification of microplastics in the surface microlayer of aquatic envir

152 need for further assessment of the levels of microplastics in this sensitive region of the planet, sp

153 pically verified the chemical composition of microplastics in this size-range.

154 pionate (DMSP), affect the ingestion rate of microplastics in three species of zooplankton, the copep

155 lection to characterization, for quantifying microplastics in urban water systems.

156 Microplastics in water were captured on 10 mum filters a

157 s study, an improved method for detection of microplastics in white wines capped with synthetic stopp

158 gh temporal resolution allowed assessment of microplastics in-wash and outflow from the salt marsh, a

159 The monitoring of the emerging contaminant, microplastics, in the environment, in water supply, and

160 These results suggest that today, microplastic ingestion by salps has minimal impact on th

161 sitates the development of methods to detect microplastic ingestion by soil animals.

162 light the value of this method for detecting microplastic ingestion by terrestrial invertebrates.

163 The underlying mechanisms that influence microplastic ingestion in marine zooplankton remain poor

164 as model organisms, we studied the effect of microplastic ingestion on the downward flux of high-dens

165 died group regarding their susceptibility to microplastic ingestion.

166 pecies may influence their susceptibility to microplastic ingestion.

167 lts highlight the variability in the risk of microplastics ingestion among species and the importance

168 As the first study to examine microplastics ingestion following thermal stress in cora

169 hether this heterotrophic plasticity affects microplastics ingestion or whether ingesting microplasti

170 ng on Artemia but no significant decrease in microplastics ingestion was observed.

171 The potential for microplastic inhalation and how the source of drinking w

172 Further research on the extent of microplastic intake and the potential effect on human he

173 sumer processes cause important emissions of microplastics into soils, and postconsumer processes, te

174 d personal care products release most of the microplastics into waters.

175 e gut, thus demonstrating that the effect of microplastic is context dependent.

176 y risk of pathogen transport associated with microplastic is important for this industry.

177 pollutants, research into the remediation of microplastics is lacking.

178 The analysis of microplastics is mainly performed using Fourier transfor

179 s showing that the dominant form of airborne microplastics is PET fibers.

180 cerns regarding the environmental impacts of microplastics, knowledge of the incidence and levels of

181 cle flocculation, remains poorly defined for microplastics land to sea transfer.

182 ignificantly decreased compared to the large microplastics (LMP, 1-5 mm) and consequently more suscep

183 cal method for the characterization of small microplastics (<100 mum) using micro-Fourier transform i

184 eed to better understand the extent to which microplastics (<5 mm) are ingested by high trophic-level

185 attachment of human and animal pathogens on microplastic may have.

186 rently underappreciated reservoirs of marine microplastics may be contained within the water column a

187 ions (or in areas such as convergent zones), microplastics may have the potential to lower the effici

188 croalgae (control), with the addition of ~50 microplastics mL(-1) of nylon microplastic granules (10-

189 last restrictions for schedulable and rapid microplastic monitoring, resulting in a highly detailed

190 The discovery of microplastic (MP) being present in freshwaters has stimu

191 ly uncertain, and the mechanisms involved in microplastic (MP) coagulation and flocculation have only

192 he Arctic region harbors some of the highest microplastic (MP) concentrations worldwide.

193 Microplastic (MP) contaminates terrestrial, aquatic, and

194 Microplastic (MP) has been detected in marine, limnic, t

195 Plastic pollution, especially microplastics (MP) pollution, is a hot topic in both mai

196 Rivers are major transport vectors for microplastics (MP) toward the sea.

197 Microplastics (MPs) are ubiquitous contaminants of the m

198 Microplastics (MPs) have contaminated all compartments o

199 n entering the ocean for thousands of years, microplastics now numerically dominate marine debris and

200 No significant differences in microplastic numbers in penguin scats between the two re

201 Here, we investigate how microplastics of a variety of shapes (bead, fiber, and f

202 e matter, diesel exhaust, nanoparticles, and microplastic on the integrity of the epithelial barriers

203 or sink of microplastics, but the impacts of microplastics on soil ecosystems (e.g., above and below

204 The impacts of microplastics on some individual organisms have been wel

205 We analyzed the sinking behavior of typical microplastics originating from real plastic waste sample

206 ing a range of more environmentally relevant microplastics, our findings highlight how the feeding st

207 re since the 1980s; however, the presence of microplastic particles (<5 mm) is less understood.

208 es increased with decreasing diameter of the microplastic particles (d(MP)) and with increasing diame

209 While large microplastic particles can be manually sorted out and ve

210 aser Raman spectroscopy was used to identify microplastic particles collected from throughout the dee

211 ve considered the ecotoxicological hazard of microplastic particles for nematodes, one of the most ab

212 imates indicated that 85 and 74% of observed microplastic particles have a density greater than 1.1 g

213 The infiltration depth of the microplastic particles increased with decreasing diamete

214 aceans (Bathochordaeus stygius), showed that microplastic particles readily flow from the environment

215 Low-density polyethylene and polycarbonate microplastic particles were for the first time proved to

216 sity sodium polytungstate solution (SPT) and microplastic particles were identified using micro-Fouri

217 Microplastic particles were observed in all samples with

218 this study, the infiltration behavior of 21 microplastic particles with different densities, diamete

219 e grain sizes of the bottom sediment and the microplastic particles.

220 L were present in raw water and only 0.00011 microplastic particles/L were present in potable water (

221 tifiable microplastics, then on average, 4.9 microplastic particles/L were present in raw water and o

222 n complex beverages in the identification of microplastics particles in white wines, allowing identif

223 The mean (+/-SE) microplastics per gram of sediment was 1.30 +/- 0.51, 1.

224 Microplastic pollution in freshwater fish is of growing

225 Microplastic pollution is ubiquitous in the marine envir

226 The emerging threat that microplastic pollution poses to soil and its biota neces

227 Ocean deep-sea accumulates higher numbers of microplastic pollution than previously expected.

228 Textiles are one of the major sources of microplastic pollution to aquatic environments and have

229 Microplastic pollution was found in 93% of the sediment

230 Five topics, including microplastic pollution, synthetic meat, and environmenta

231 These fibers are an important type of microplastic pollution.

232 previously overlooked source of plastic and microplastic pollution.

233 vestigated here the effects of six different microplastics (polyester fibers, polyamide beads, and fo

234 a selection of nonrecyclable waste-including microplastics (polyester microfibers) and food-contamina

235 Multiple types of microplastics (polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyvin

236 d offers an efficient automated approach for microplastic polymer characterization, abundance numerat

237 ed replicated pulse releases of three common microplastics: polypropylene pellets, polystyrene fragme

238 and UV exposed polyethylene and polystyrene microplastics possessing a biofilm.

239 ecosystems and human health, the ubiquity of microplastics presents analytical challenges.

240 Many of the methods for microplastics quantification in the environment are crit

241 The normalized microplastic quantities ranged from 6 to 2444 particles

242 The SML is known to concentrate microplastics relative to the underlying water and is th

243 indings are significant as they suggest that microplastic release from sediment beds can be managed b

244 Microplastics released into freshwaters from anthropogen

245 odecyl sulfate, which is commonly applied in microplastic research during sample preparation, may als

246 The lack of standard approaches in microplastic research limits progress in the abatement o

247 particle sizes are increasingly included in microplastic research, it is critical to chemically char

248 to improve the alignment of methods used in microplastic research.

249 re developed to improve the accessibility of microplastics research in response to a growing and mult

250 a are emitted into soil as macroplastics and microplastics, respectively, and 13.3 +/- 4.9 and 1.8 +/

251 emitted into freshwater as macroplastics and microplastics, respectively.

252 tly possible to determine the risks posed by microplastics retained within the world's river systems.

253 es <5 mm) to oceans, but few measurements of microplastic retention in rivers exist.

254 Microfibers often dominate sediment microplastic samples, but little is known about their ec

255 Incorporated microplastics significantly altered the size, density an

256 astic particles at the microscale, the small microplastics (SMP, 25-1000 mum).

257 While to date most microplastic studies used virgin microplastics at unreal

258 quently occurring particle shapes of typical microplastics such as spheres, films, and fibers.

259 traight courses of the river contained fewer microplastics than samples from inner and outer bends.

260 Here, we examine those characteristics of microplastics that are essential to adequately evaluate

261 d ingestion rates by C. helgolandicus on all microplastics that were infused with DMS (P < 0.01) and

262 at, where this method is used for monitoring microplastics, the results will typically underestimate

263 Considering only the WTWs with quantifiable microplastics, then on average, 4.9 microplastic particl

264 g of the fate and behavior of typical marine microplastics, these findings serve as a fundamental ste

265 l of 80 penguin scats were collected and any microplastics they contained were extracted.

266 of municipal solid waste and four sources of microplastics through the global plastic system for five

267 se, an emerging concern is the potential for microplastic to act as vectors for pathogen transport.

268 rge-scale sediment remediation technique for microplastics to address the global microplastic accumul

269 particles and thus may be major conduits of microplastics to lake and ocean basins.

270 in assessing the potential threats posed by microplastics to polar organisms.

271 et allows us to correct for the diversity of microplastic, to address it in a common language, and to

272 Islands) and hence assess the potential for microplastic transfer through Antarctic marine food webs

273 ion in rivers, and directly inform models of microplastic transport at the landscape scale, making a

274 By linking bed surface evolution with microplastic transport characteristics we show that simi

275 icroplastics, and use SML sampling to assess microplastic trapping in a temperate marsh system in Sou

276 Both microplastics triggered premature moulting in juvenile c

277 butions (SSDs), caused by differences in the microplastic types used in effect studies and those in n

278 on from rivers being 'sinks' to 'sources' of microplastics under flood conditions.

279 plastic-associated bacterial communities and microplastic uptake pathways into bivalves, and discuss

280 The microplastics used to make SLoPP-E include environmental

281 Thus, microplastic v(dep) in rivers can be quantified with the

282 Comparing microplastic v(dep) to values for natural particles (e.g

283 However, in contaminated gut systems, clean microplastic was capable of rapidly extracting ("cleanin

284 Microplastics were characterized in eight water treatmen

285 Microplastics were demonstrated to be an environmental s

286 While microplastics were detectable against cellulose, the PM-

287 Various microplastics were detected in human stool, suggesting i

288 Microplastics were extracted from freshwater sport fish

289 The greatest number of microplastics were identified in samples of the finest g

290 Inhalable microplastics were not visibly detectable against quartz

291 The greatest intensities for microplastics were observed against the silver membrane

292 ater-stable soil aggregates was altered when microplastics were present, suggesting potential alterat

293 st the silver membrane filter, and inhalable microplastics were still detectable in a 24 h PM sample.

294 Microplastics were ubiquitous with particles detected in

295 Potential microplastics were visually isolated and subsequently an

296 se small particles are classified as primary microplastics when they are manufactured in this size ra

297 This is evident for microplastics, where inconsistent size classes are used

298 pacts were dependent on particle type, i.e., microplastics with a shape similar to other natural soil

299 was apparent in the vertical distribution of microplastics within sea ice cores.

300 t counterstaining technique for detection of microplastics within terrestrial invertebrate biomass an