ライフサイエンスコーパス: middle ear

1 d delayed development of the ossicles in the middle ear.

2 phological stage of the definitive mammalian middle ear.

3 n of pneumococci from the nasopharynx to the middle ear.

4 headphones that bypass the ear canal and the middle ear.

5 f frogs to communicate effectively without a middle ear.

6 pact on responses to hypoxia in the inflamed middle ear.

7 earing loss as sound waves fail to reach the middle ear.

8 e presence of a bacterial biofilm within the middle ear.

9 g/mL of methylprednisolone injected into the middle ear.

10 iofilms within the excised material from the middle ear.

11 tympanic bone, which forms the floor of the middle ear.

12 ulates the transmission of sound through the middle ear.

13 e when it invades the bloodstream, lungs, or middle ear.

14 chinchilla nasopharynx and infection of the middle ear.

15 edia, due primarily to the small size of its middle ear.

16 dge, the earliest known definitive mammalian middle ear.

17 ocated in the region of the jugular bulb and middle ear.

18 inoculated OFF and remained OFF, within the middle ear.

19 transmigration to and persistence within the middle ear.

20 r selection for ON switching of modA2 in the middle ear.

21 nal stages in the evolution of the mammalian middle ear(1,3,4).

22 g blood (4 of 15), conjunctiva (1 of 14), or middle ear (2 of 21) isolates than among carriage isolat

23 tary trough for mandibular attachment of the middle ear-a transitional condition of the predecessors

24 rlier developing, cartilaginous incus of the middle ear, abutting the cranial base to form a cranio-m

25 ion of this is the evolution of the tetrapod middle ear, adapted to life on land.

26 media is a common childhood infection of the middle ear and a major cause of morbidity.

27 ring, through inertial forces exerted by the middle ear and cochlear fluid, and that this can be test

28 ct advantages in the differing niches of the middle ear and COPD airways.

29 may increase bacterial transmigration to the middle ear and could thus increase the risk of clinicall

30 impaired clearance of S. pneumoniae from the middle ear and dissemination to the bloodstream during A

31 o test the hypothesis that GAS colonizes the middle ear and establishes itself in localized, three-di

32 disposition in genes like EYA4 that regulate middle ear and eustachian tube anatomy.

33 respiratory and reproductive tracts and the middle ear and generate fluid flow in these organs via s

34 on through airborne sound that displaces the middle ear and induces a pressure difference across the

35 y include developmental malformations of the middle ear and inner ear.

36 hindering the clearance of bacteria from the middle ear and leading to sepsis and a high mortality ra

37 These effects can cause middle ear and sinus injury and lung barotrauma due to l

38 that evolution of such key characters as the middle ear and the tribosphenic teeth is far more labile

39 ther areas also stimulated by intense noise (middle ear and vestibule) as it was absent in CD1 mice w

40 s roles in PPI in the formation of outer and middle ears and cell-autonomous roles in the OV.

41 troducing the sensing optical fiber into the middle-ear and its aiming at the incus was investigated

42 , and early development of recurrent/chronic middle-ear and sinus disease.

43 or controlling infections in the airways and middle ear, and for maintaining immune homeostasis in mo

44 terized by effusion and tissue damage in the middle ear, and in the TLR2(-/-) mice, the outcome of in

45 lacement, ossified Meckel's cartilage of the middle ear, and specialized xenarthrous articulations of

46 been previously identified in any mammalian middle ear, and the morphology of each auditory bone dif

47 dent element into part of the malleus of the middle ear, and the presence of a restricted contact bet

48 mesoporous silica materials specifically for middle ear applications.

49 l to clearing pathogenic infections from the middle ear are distributed according to developmental de

50 r otitis media pathogens, was visible in the middle ear as late as 12 days after infection.

51 illness and are isolated from up to half of middle ear aspirates from children with acute otitis med

52 imulation of the umbo, as well as within the middle ear at the round window and otic capsule, induced

53 Middle ear bacterial titers were monitored daily via in

54 itative longitudinal treatment monitoring of middle-ear biofilms responsible for chronic OM.

55 and neuraminidase genes among 342 carriage, middle ear, blood, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pneumoc

56 tants, PPI failed to outgrow, preventing the middle ear bone condensations from forming.

57 hat clearly illustrates this transition: the middle ear bones are connected to the mandible via an os

58 signaling in patterning the stapes and incus middle ear bones derived from the equivalent pharyngeal

59 and two independent detachment events of the middle ear bones during mammalian evolution.

60 Detachment of the three tiny middle ear bones from the reptilian mandible is an impor

61 rvived to adulthood and had normal outer and middle ears but had the same inner ear defects as the Tb

62 lm formation, growth, and eradication in the middle ear, but also may provide much-needed quantifiabl

63 aging studies was demonstrated in all of the middle ear cavities.

64 Inflammation of the middle ear cavity (otitis media) and the abnormal deposi

65 the RWM niche through a bullaostomy into the middle ear cavity allowing directed delivery of compound

66 Anatomic studies revealed abnormal middle ear cavity and eustachian tube dysmorphology; thu

67 sistent with an accelerated formation of the middle ear cavity and opening of the ear canal.

68 vides the first mouse model for the study of middle ear cavity defects, while also being of direct re

69 s that line the posterior dorsal pole of the middle ear cavity which was previously thought to contai

70 an tube orifice at the ventral region of the middle ear cavity, consisting mostly of a lumen layer of

71 ic deposition of cholesterol crystals in the middle ear cavity, enlarged Eustachian tube, and chronic

72 raniofacial abnormalities, including a small middle ear cavity, short nasal bone, and malformed inter

73 nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae into the middle ear cavity.

74 racterized by the occurrence of fluid in the middle-ear cavity in the absence of any signs of acute e

75 . catarrhalis, including NCIH292 lung cells, middle ear cells, and A549 type II pneumocytes.

76 Furthermore, chinchilla middle ears challenged with the sapA mutant demonstrated

77 mmatory responses within the nasopharynx and middle ear chamber.

78 ities within the material recovered from the middle ear chamber.

79 expression and biofilm formation within the middle-ear chamber and an inverse relationship between P

80 determinant by providing a niche within the middle-ear chamber.

81 stablish computed tomography (CT) staging of middle ear cholesteatoma and assess its impact on the se

82 We established CT staging of middle ear cholesteatoma that helps surgeons to select a

83 secutive patients (mean age 26.8 years) with middle ear cholesteatoma.

84 The understanding of middle ear cilia properties that are critical to OM susc

85 The ADC value of postoperative middle ear cleft cholesteatoma is significantly lower th

86 tion established final diagnosis of abnormal middle ear cleft soft tissue.

87 cell-derived structure that encapsulates all middle ear components, and that defects in these process

88 he lack of certainty regarding diagnosis for middle ear conditions, resulting in many patients being

89 -filled cavity and ossicles of the mammalian middle ear conduct sound to the cochlea.

90 The middle ear conducts sound to the cochlea for hearing.

91 More than 400 pneumococcal carriage, middle ear, conjunctiva, and blood isolates, serotyped a

92 -dimensional finite element model of a human middle ear coupled to the inner ear was formulated.

93 raniosynostosis, other craniofacial defects, middle-ear defects, cleft palate, cleft lip, limb defect

94 Middle ear deficits occurred in 22.3% of patients but, a

95 e the cause of the hearing impairment to the middle ear, demonstrating over-ossification at the round

96 eviews our studies of the effect of monaural middle ear destruction on midbrain auditory response pro

97 Monaural middle ear destruction was performed on juvenile and adu

98 cussed in relation to the effect of monaural middle ear destruction.

99 spect to the molecular mechanisms underlying middle ear development and disease.

100 ral components of the inner ear, its role in middle ear development has been less clear.

101 transgenic mice, we show that the mammalian middle ear develops through cavitation of a neural crest

102 as the patient group and 100 ears without a middle ear disease as the control group.

103 The study included 56 ears with a middle ear disease as the patient group and 100 ears wit

104 APD may be acquired (e.g. through middle ear disease), but it is likely that a more common

105 esults between healthy ears and those with a middle ear disease.

106 cal treatments, such as balloon dilation for middle ear diseases.

107 M supports the hypothesis that these chronic middle-ear disorders are biofilm-related.

108 h planktonic and adherent populations in the middle ear, disruption of mucosal biofilms already resid

109 l mammaliaforms and the definitive mammalian middle ear (DMME) of extant mammals; it reveals complex

110 These include surgical approaches to the middle ear, documentation of the murine middle ear respo

111 ilus influenzae (NTHI) forms biofilms in the middle ear during human infection.

112 f antimicrobial treatment on the duration of middle ear effusion (MEE) and concomitant hearing impair

113 composition (microbiota) present in matched middle ear effusion (MEE) samples, external ear canal (E

114 Middle ear effusion disappeared 2.0 weeks (13.7 days) ea

115 of MGAS5005 Deltasrv were isolated from the middle ear effusion, and MGAS5005 Deltasrv was found ran

116 children have been attributed to persistent middle-ear effusion in their early years of life.

117 e years of age, 429 children with persistent middle-ear effusion were randomly assigned to have tympa

118 e healthy young children who have persistent middle-ear effusion, as defined in our study, prompt ins

119 younger than 3 years of age with persistent middle-ear effusion, prompt as compared with delayed ins

120 after birth and evaluated them regularly for middle-ear effusion.

121 from the nasopharynx of healthy children or middle ear effusions from patients with otitis media, re

122 low-passage NTHi clinical isolates from the middle ear effusions of patients with chronic otitis med

123 in the chinchilla, inducing culture-positive middle ear effusions, whereas pgm and siaB mutants were

124 Gly-Gly peptide-encoding gene in chinchilla middle ear effusions.

125 ET) in infants limits or delays clearance of middle ear effusions.

126 bacteria exist in culture-negative pediatric middle-ear effusions and that experimental infection wit

127 to explain the failure to culture NTHi from middle-ear effusions, recalcitrance to antibiotics and i

128 o and persistence in the planktonic phase in middle-ear effusions.

129 downstream effects on TGFbeta signalling in middle ear epithelia at the time of development of chron

130 ic S. aureus has the ability to invade human middle ear epithelial cells (HMEECs) in a dose and time

131 nduced mucin MUC5AC upregulation in cultured middle ear epithelial cells and in the middle ear of mic

132 n associated with CSOM, its interaction with middle ear epithelial cells is not well known.

133 and biomass for biofilms grown on chinchilla middle ear epithelial cells.

134 tion-dependent and -independent mechanism in middle ear epithelial cells.

135 ternative complement pathway and C3 in mouse middle ear epithelium.

136 omponents of complement are expressed in the middle ear epithelium.

137 f the most common infectious diseases of the middle ear especially affecting children, leading to del

138 But questions remain concerning middle-ear evolution, such as how and why the post-denta

139 esponse to NTHi infection in the Junbo mouse middle ear fluid (MEF).

140 surveillance, all OM episodes submitted for middle ear fluid culture in children <3 years from 2004

141 on pneumococcal and overall OM necessitating middle ear fluid culture in children aged <2 years in so

142 le pneumococci from nasopharyngeal swabs and middle ear fluid of Finnish children and demonstrate tha

143 Middle ear fluid shows strong light absorption between 1

144 e investigate the potential for detection of middle ear fluid, which has significant implications for

145 Incidence of OM necessitating middle-ear fluid culture (predominantly complex OM inclu

146 o were diagnosed with OM and had undergone a middle-ear fluid culture.

147 Both strains were recovered from middle ear fluids as long as 14 days postinfection.

148 For example, bacterial counts in middle-ear fluids and the severity of the host inflammat

149 mmaliaforms, before the disconnection of the middle ear from the mandible in crown mammals.

150 xo11 is expressed in epithelial cells of the middle ears from late embryonic stages through to day 13

151 luding audiograms (0.25 to 12 kHz), tests of middle ear function, and tinnitus.

152 system in 10 adult participants with normal middle ear function.

153 ctural features that are likely critical for middle ear functions and related to OM susceptibility.

154 from different sites of isolation (sputum > middle ear > nasopharynx).

155 rophone for totally implantable cochlear- or middle-ear hearing aids.

156 Perforation of tympanic membranes and middle ear hemorrhage were observed at 1 and 7 days, and

157 rnative complement pathways are critical for middle ear immune defense against S. pneumoniae.

158 lar to the stapes superstructure, increasing middle ear impedance and attenuating the intensity of so

159 ges: (i) an eardrum collecting sound, (ii) a middle ear impedance converter, and (iii) a cochlear fre

160 e reduction of this air volume increases the middle ear impedance, resulting in an up to 20 dB gain i

161 proach as a new type of laser hearing aid or middle ear implant.

162 sis, acquisition of the definitive mammalian middle ear in allotherians such as this specimen was ind

163 the morphological gap between the mandibular middle ear in basal mammaliaforms and the definitive mam

164 Contrary to the belief that the middle ear in frogs permanently communicates with the mo

165 is very low or absent in normal or diseased middle ear in mouse and human, and salivary expression a

166 lations that shift from OFF to ON within the middle ear induce significantly greater disease severity

167 on ultimately induced a similar magnitude of middle ear infection by both phase variants.

168 Studies in the chinchilla model of middle ear infection demonstrated that VP1 is a virulenc

169 Because middle ear infection is highly prevalent in children, mi

170 fluenza A virus exacerbation of experimental middle ear infection is independent of the pneumococcal

171 ed a significant attenuation in a chinchilla middle ear infection model and a minor attenuation in a

172 te immunity, this disease is prolonged after middle ear infection with nontypeable Haemophilus influe

173 Haemophilus influenzae, a major pathogen of middle ear infection, and upregulate a monocyte-attracti

174 r infection is highly prevalent in children, middle ear infection-induced inner ear inflammation can

175 to understand the molecular pathogenesis of middle ear infection-induced inner ear inflammation.

176 an OM isolate is required during chinchilla middle ear infection.

177 ry of proinflammatory molecules derived from middle ear infection.

178 ability to cause both nasal colonization and middle ear infection.

179 Otitis media (OM), a middle-ear infection, is the most common childhood illne

180 ing loss that is not explained by concurrent middle ear infections is another characteristic of CMV-r

181 umococcus) is a principal cause of bacterial middle ear infections, pneumonia, and meningitis.

182 tes is different to the distribution seen in middle ear infections, suggesting different modA alleles

183 in NTHi strains isolated from children with middle ear infections.

184 portant in animal models of colonization and middle ear infections.

185 ostinfection inhibited MUC5AC expression and middle ear inflammation induced by S. pneumoniae and red

186 Although chronic middle ear inflammation is believed to cause inner ear d

187 uppurative otitis media (CSOM) refers to the middle ear inflammation which is clinically characterize

188 tant in the transition from acute to chronic middle ear inflammation, and a potential molecular targe

189 f inner ear dysfunction secondary to chronic middle ear inflammation.

190 m response (ABR) thresholds during and after middle ear infusion of salicylate in artificial perilymp

191 OM pathogen components or cytokines from the middle ear into the inner ear, the underlying mechanisms

192 demonstrate that effective cavitation of the middle ear is intimately linked to growth of the auditor

193 The evolution of the mammalian middle ear is thought to provide an example of 'recapitu

194 Otitis media (OM), inflammation of the middle ear, is the most common cause of hearing impairme

195 Otitis media (OM), the inflammation of the middle ear, is the most common disease and cause for sur

196 us agalactiae protein, was present in 31% of middle ear isolates and occurred 3.6 (95% CI, 1.2 to 11.

197 (95% CI, 1.2 to 5.5) times more often among middle ear isolates than carriage, blood, or meningitis

198 both S. pneumoniae serotype 6A and 14 in the middle ear lavage fluid samples from Bf/C2(-/)(-), Bf(-)

199 Activation of factor B and C3 in the middle ear lavage fluids was significantly greater than

200 production of inflammatory mediators in the middle ear lavage samples from Bf/C2(-/)(-) mice.

201 There was no evidence of a middle ear lesion, nor was there a Schwartz sign.

202 arynx and to elicit severe infections of the middle ears, lungs, and blood that are associated with h

203 ecreased significantly (P = .0006) among the middle ear/mastoid isolates (2011, 50% [74/149]; 2012, 4

204 protein to the round window membrane in the middle ear may be able to reverse sensorineural hearing

205 lus influenzae (NTHi) bacteria in an ex vivo middle ear (ME) aspirate from the chinchilla model of ex

206 The middle ear (ME) contents were then harvested, amplified

207 lineate the role of CCL3 in OM, we evaluated middle ear (ME) responses of ccl3(-/-)mice to nontypeabl

208 increases during long-term infection in the middle ear (ME), but the host cellular immune response t

209 d as a chronic low-grade inflammation of the middle ear (ME), without any signs of infection and with

210 The middle ears (MEs) of wild-type (WT) and MyD88(-/-) mice

211 elson interferometer, designed to serve as a middle-ear microphone for totally implantable cochlear-

212 to be confirmed with in vivo analyses of the middle ear mucosa during otitis media.

213 companied by a significant thickening of the middle ear mucosa lining, expansion of mucin-secreting g

214 ms of pathogenic bacteria are present on the middle ear mucosa of children with chronic otitis media

215 been found to be greatly up-regulated in the middle ear mucosa of human patients with OM.

216 that phosphorylation of JNK isoforms in the middle ear mucosa preceded but paralleled mucosal hyperp

217 ized biofilms in the nasopharynx, lungs, and middle ear mucosa.

218 DESIGN, SETTING, AND PATIENTS: Middle-ear mucosa (MEM) biopsy specimens were obtained f

219 In an in vitro model of primary rat middle ear mucosal explants, bacterially induced mucosal

220 se (JNK) mitogen-activated protein kinase in middle ear mucosal hyperplasia in animal models of bacte

221 cal biofilm formation and persistence on the middle ear mucosal surface.

222 The middle ear muscle (MEM) reflex is one of two major desce

223 Middle ear muscle contractions restrain the motion of th

224 The middle ear muscle reflex has been implicated in modulati

225 function was characterized by the absence of middle ear muscle reflexes, distortion product otoacoust

226 ure, the temporal sensitivity threshold, the middle-ear muscle reflex, and the auditory-brainstem res

227 There are two middle ear muscles (MEMs): the stapedius and the tensor

228 The tensor tympani is one of two middle ear muscles that regulates the transmission of so

229 e acoustic thresholds for contraction of the middle ear muscles, which may be a reflection of underly

230 This transitional mammalian middle ear narrows the morphological gap between the man

231 y trajectories, functional properties of the middle ear of AMHs and Neandertals are largely similar.

232 tured middle ear epithelial cells and in the middle ear of mice.

233 nt within the biofilms formed by NTHI in the middle ear of the chinchilla in an experimental otitis m

234 uced bacterial infection was observed in the middle ear of the Junbo mouse model when NTHi was devoid

235 nactivated Streptococcus pneumoniae into the middle ears of BALB/c mice resulted in a significant inf

236 h NT H. influenzae strains isolated from the middle ears of children with otitis media but that are n

237 To test this hypothesis, the middle ears of chinchillas were infected with either a s

238 Biofilms were macroscopically visible in the middle ears of euthanized animals infected with NTHi 86-

239 of large, macroscopic structures within the middle ears of MGAS5005- and MGAS5005 Deltasrv-infected

240 d artery, but may also be located within the middle ear or in the abdomen.

241 ctively collected pneumococcal isolates from middle ear or mastoid cultures from children from 2011 t

242 The diminutive middle ear ossicles (malleus, incus, stapes) housed in t

243 The middle ear ossicles are only rarely preserved in fossil

244 scle contractions restrain the motion of the middle ear ossicles, attenuating the transmission of low

245 cial event in the evolution of the mammalian middle ear ossicles.

246 estigation of acoustical response of sheep's middle-ear ossicles.

247 , detailed and objective diagnosis of common middle ear pathological conditions.

248 uncharacterized combination of interrelated middle ear pathologies and suggest Rpl38 deficiency as a

249 for diagnosis of external auditory canal and middle ear pathologies for over a century.

250 In middle ear pathologies, the inability to avail high-reso

251 phy (HRCT) and MRI are helpful in evaluating middle ear pathologies, usage being indication specific.

252 opment of a medical otoscope for determining middle ear pathologies.

253 Despite its widespread prevalence, middle ear pathology, especially the development of prol

254 ed include patients undergoing intracranial, middle ear, posterior eye, intramedullary spine, and pos

255 nfection administration of rolipram into the middle ear potently inhibited S. pneumoniae-induced MUC5

256 Here we report a definitive mammalian middle ear preserved in an eobaatarid multituberculate m

257 She had normal bilateral middle ear pressure at tympanometry.

258 s of transfer of sound through the outer and middle ear prior to the calculation of an excitation pat

259 of mucosal biofilms already resident within middle ears prior to immunization and rapid resolution o

260 histories and no significant noise exposure, middle-ear problems, or major surgeries.

261 Middle ear prostheses are used to restore the sound tran

262 us silica coating was established on ceramic middle ear prostheses, which then served as a base for f

263 the middle ear, documentation of the murine middle ear response to various pathogens and inflammator

264 ger sequencing, RNA-sequencing of saliva and middle ear samples, 16S rRNA sequencing, molecular model

265 ired bacterial persistence in the chinchilla middle ear, similar to our previous results with luxS mu

266 d after direct electrical stimulation in the middle ear space, indicating that non-specific stimulati

267 ia when these bacteria form a biofilm in the middle ear space.

268 A duplication variant within the middle ear-specific gene A2ML1 cosegregates with otitis

269 Subsequently, the relative prevalence of the middle ear-specific gene regions among a large panel of

270 The genome of NT H. influenzae middle ear strain G622 was subtracted from that of NT H.

271 and the resultant gene regions unique to the middle ear strain were identified.

272 mR) were significantly more prevalent in the middle ear strains (96%, 100%, 100%, and 97%, respective

273 hxuA, hxuB, hxuC, hemR, and hup) between 514 middle ear strains from children with AOM and 235 throat

274 dentify additional genetic regions unique to middle ear strains.

275 Interestingly, middle ear structures are enlarged and malformed in a ma

276 and must have evolved independently from the middle ear structures of monotremes and therian mammals.

277 of SWIR light allows better visualization of middle ear structures through the tympanic membrane, inc

278 ofilms in vitro as well as in the chinchilla middle ear, suggesting that biofilm formation in vivo mi

279 Middle ear surgery leads to a high incidence of postoper

280 62; P<0.0001), suggesting a possible role in middle ear survival and/or acute otitis media.

281 sease-causing NTHI strains isolated from the middle ear than in colonizing NTHI strains and H. haemol

282 charide extensions were more prevalent among middle ear than throat strains.

283 tremely common pediatric inflammation of the middle ear that often causes pain and diminishes hearing

284 ealed ultrastructural damage to the cilia in middle ears that exhibited OM.

285 the congenital abnormality of both outer and middle ears, these mice were hearing impaired.

286 of cilia in the epithelium of the mammalian middle ear, thus illustrating novel structural features

287 The mouse homologue, Fndc1, is expressed in middle ear tissue and its expression is upregulated upon

288 te this proliferative lesion from uninvolved middle ear tissue based on the characteristic autofluore

289 and IL-10) were measured in nasal washes and middle ear tissue homogenate.

290 Most anurans possess a tympanic middle ear (TME) that transmits sound waves to the inner

291 nging techniques to noninvasively assess the middle ear to detect and quantify biofilm microstructure

292 modifications were introduced to the assumed middle-ear transfer function and to the way that specifi

293 nt, otitis media, fusions of ossicles to the middle ear wall, and deformed stapes.

294 pharyngeal pouch (PPI) in forming outer and middle ears, we tissue-specifically inactivated the gene

295 ay alter bacterial transmigration toward the middle ear, where it could have clinically relevant impl

296 ctor in bacterial growth and survival in the middle ear, where nutrients such as histidine may be fou

297 st Streptococcus pneumoniae infection in the middle ear, wild-type (WT; C57BL/6) and TLR2-deficient (

298 terpreted to be for gliding and a mandibular middle ear with a unique character combination previousl

299 clinical findings as the gold standard, all middle ears with chronic OM showed evidence of biofilms,

300 mallest terrestrial tetrapods, which lacks a middle ear yet produces acoustic signals.