ライフサイエンスコーパス: monetary

1 cid neuropeptide, in participants evaluating monetary allocations to self and other (self-other alloc

2 ts performed the same task to avoid losing a monetary amount.

3 uman partner providing social feedback and a monetary amount.

4 0.7 +/- 0.1 megatonnes in 2014, but at high monetary and energy costs.

5 y incentive delay task consisting of erotic, monetary and neutral visual stimuli.

6 Both monetary and non-monetary incentives are frequently prov

7 Connectivity analyses suggest that monetary and social value signals are integrated in the

8 imple incentive delay task manipulating both monetary and visual erotic rewards, focusing on reward o

9 ltrasociality, as expressed in agricultural, monetary, and fossil fuel economies, has spurred exponen

10 the plaintiff and was associated with higher monetary awards than was adult litigation.

11 ectiveness (primary outcome) and incremental monetary benefit (secondary outcome) of an ideal (100% s

12 ulate the difference in population-level net monetary benefit (willingness-to-pay of $50 000 to $150

13 We used the net monetary benefit approach and computed cost-effectivenes

14 sis which considered length of stay, the net monetary benefit for the care bundle was estimated to be

15 incremental cost-effectiveness ratio and net monetary benefit of adopting the cleaning bundle over ex

16 ted under the cleaning bundle returned a net monetary benefit of AUD$1.02 million and an incremental

17 ted under the cleaning bundle returned a net monetary benefit of AUD$1.02 million and incremental cos

18 The net monetary benefit of performing CT angiography was higher

19 o death), and result in a health-related net monetary benefit of pound 7.4 billion (95% UI pound 2.0

20 The net monetary benefit of screening the whole PLD population w

21 ent payment, equivalent population-level net monetary benefit was achieved in pay-for-performance pol

22 ctiveness acceptability curves using the net monetary benefit were computed, combining bootstrap and

23 In analyses of net monetary benefit, the probability that comprehensive car

24 The cost-benefit analysis estimated net monetary benefit, which considered both the costs of pre

25 ed trading handgrip force production against monetary benefits.

26 e between immediate food rewards and delayed monetary bonuses.

27 al impulsivity (delay discounting) using the Monetary Choice Questionnaire (MCQ).

28 t experiences quantitatively influence risky monetary choices moment-to-moment in a nominally learnin

29 We analyzed a large dataset of risky monetary choices with trial-by-trial feedback to quantif

30 The task consisted of a range of monetary choices with variable delay times, yielding ind

31 e online and laboratory participants receive monetary compensation if and only if they forgo goods fo

32 tion to both gain and loss compared to a non-monetary condition.

33 can be achieved using the new approach and a monetary cost analysis provides a practical measure of i

34 Participants sampled less when there was a monetary cost and when the gathered information was more

35 developing T2D, and second, to estimate the monetary cost associated with dietary diversity.

36 To reduce the time and monetary cost associated with manual annotation, many au

37 organic food consumption, whereas total diet monetary cost increased.

38 hese individual costs suggest that the total monetary cost of dementia in 2010 was between $157 billi

39 acquisition is modulated by social context, monetary cost, and the trustee's trustworthiness.

40 nal decision-relevant information at a small monetary cost.

41 ation of diet-related environmental impacts, monetary costs, and pesticide exposure, between the 2 ex

42 n system was responsible for the higher diet monetary costs, and the overall reduced dietary pesticid

43 occupation); 3) economic indicators via diet monetary costs; and 4) estimated daily food exposures to

44 activation in response to reward-predicting monetary cues in both smokers and non-smokers.

45 ygen-level-dependent responses to erotic and monetary cues were analyzed and examined with respect to

46 of 91 products and 9 product groups and uses monetary data on net capital stocks of 56 products to ei

47 Using a delay discounting monetary decision task known to discriminate brain regio

48 ng a significant shift in the study of risky monetary decision-making in psychology, economics, and n

49 nts, and 75 healthy controls participated in monetary decision-making tasks assessing risk and loss a

50 is mediated by impulsivity, as reflected in monetary delay discounting rates, for those with high VS

51 Human participants completed a monetary delay discounting task during an fMRI scan and

52 availability are not consistently related to monetary discounting of time, probability, or physical e

53 xposing subjects to a sustainability-related monetary donation task, with the option to support eithe

54 ssociated with the AMPT-induced reduction of monetary earning in HC in contrast to rBN participants.

55 antial nation- and region-specific yield and monetary effects of adjusting sowing timing and highligh

56 help the second-party victim using their own monetary endowment in an unfair context.

57 rt (i.e., distrust) or how much of their own monetary endowment they wanted to send to their counterp

58 de either how much of a counterpart player's monetary endowment they wanted to take from their counte

59 , in order to minimize financial loss from a monetary endowment, and concurrently reported their prob

60 rm that has not historically been limited to monetary exchange.

61 kedly driven up costs, in both institutional monetary expenditures and lost research effort.

62 dissociable primary (erotic) and secondary (monetary) experienced value signals at specific OFC sulc

63 eveloping-country context, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) plays a crucial role in determining

64 per capita as provided by the International Monetary Fund and oral burden of disease estimates from

65 he 37 countries comprising the International Monetary Fund's advanced economies index.

66 s such as the reports from the International Monetary Fund's Article IV consultations, rating agencie

67 We found NAcc responses to monetary gain and loss were significantly variable acros

68 in 10% greater total yield and a cumulative monetary gain of ca. US$9 billion.

69 ed potential elicited by feedback indicating monetary gain relative to loss, has been associated with

70 avlovian) conditioning task with appetitive (monetary gain) and aversive (monetary loss and electric

71 tcome was encoded in the same way as that of monetary gain, in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex.

72 carriers showed no activation in response to monetary gains and a blunted DA response to the analgesi

73 task, the authors measured brain response to monetary gains and losses in a longitudinal sample of ad

74 with performance outcome valence, following monetary gains and losses in human PD patients (12 women

75 ectations, and the anticipatory responses to monetary gains and losses in the VTA-NAc pathway.

76 ic incentive motivation task for prospective monetary gains and losses.

77 Participants placed bets and experienced monetary gains or losses.

78 tivity to cues predicting erotic pictures vs monetary gains was significantly related to the increase

79 erotic pictures but not for cues predicting monetary gains.

80 to resolve uncertainty, rather than hoarding monetary gains.

81 med a skilled motor task to obtain potential monetary gains; in another, participants performed the s

82 reward by accepting or rejecting successive monetary gambles within arbitrarily defined temporal con

83 dolescent and adult participants performed a monetary gambling task in which they chose to accept or

84 s (NAcc), but normal activation levels for a monetary gambling task.

85 sitivity predicted altruism measured through monetary generosity.

86 ents' reward positivity was measured using a monetary guessing task, their current depressive symptom

87 should be accounted for when considering the monetary impact of efforts to improve water quality.

88 This article shows that a simple monetary incentive can dramatically reduce electric ener

89 l task (SST), and reward processing during a monetary incentive delay (MID) task does not track memor

90 validated scales to measure anhedonia, and a monetary incentive delay (MID) task during functional ne

91 etic resonance imaging (fMRI) responses to a monetary incentive delay (MID) task in patients with fib

92 al magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and the monetary incentive delay (MID) task to assess reward-eff

93 level dependency (BOLD) in the VS using the monetary incentive delay (MID) task, distinguishing rewa

94 iations with whole-brain grey matter and the Monetary Incentive Delay fMRI task, which associates wit

95 rd-related striatal function and behavior, a monetary incentive delay task (in conjunction with funct

96 agnetic resonance imaging while performing a monetary incentive delay task (MIDT) pretreatment and po

97 on anticipatory reward processing, using the monetary incentive delay task (MIDT), and response inhib

98 oking abstinence when subjects performed the monetary incentive delay task and in dorsal anterior cin

99 er ventral striatal BOLD response during the monetary incentive delay task and lower inferior frontal

100 ing a modified version of the well-validated monetary incentive delay task consisting of erotic, mone

101 in the NAcc to reward anticipation during a monetary incentive delay task controlling for sex, age,

102 tic resonance imaging was performed during a monetary incentive delay task designed to assess neural

103 NF Val(66)Met polymorphism and underwent the monetary incentive delay task during an functional magne

104 ticipatory reward processing using a revised monetary incentive delay task during fMRI in cohorts of

105 0 matched controls completed two runs of the monetary incentive delay task during functional magnetic

106 ng anticipation of monetary reward using the monetary incentive delay task following alcohol challeng

107 /loss anticipation and consumption using the monetary incentive delay task in 29 episodic migraine pa

108 Only studies applying the monetary incentive delay task in addicted and at-risk ad

109 ng ventral striatum were quantified during a monetary incentive delay task in which stimuli varied by

110 The monetary incentive delay task is a robust task with exce

111 Functional MRI during a monetary incentive delay task was collected in 175 parti

112 Reward-related activation during the monetary incentive delay task was examined across 16 bra

113 ouble-blind), after which they completed the monetary incentive delay task while fMRI data were colle

114 o underwent functional MRI imaging using the monetary incentive delay task, in order to investigate w

115 n = 23/20; smokers/nonsmokers) performed the monetary incentive delay task, probing reward anticipati

116 ) underwent MRI two times while performing a monetary incentive delay task.

117 onse was assessed using fMRI with a modified Monetary Incentive Delay task.

118 te region (t=-2.961, p=3.69 x 10(-3)) in the monetary incentive delay task.

119 relative to placebo during performance of a monetary incentive delay task.

120 esonance imaging during the performance of a monetary incentive delay task.

121 s from a widely used and validated task: the monetary incentive delay task.

122 age: 69.0) underwent fMRI while completing a monetary incentive delay task.

123 tion and receipt of reward and loss during a monetary incentive delay task.

124 ed ventral striatal BOLD response during the monetary incentive delay task.

125 esponses to three paradigms-the stop-signal, monetary incentive delay, and faces tasks-were collected

126 ) responses to anticipation of reward in the monetary incentive task in 1,576 adolescents in a commun

127 s over four times larger than offering a $25 monetary incentive, the company's previous policy.

128 a nuanced interplay between the provision of monetary incentives and behavioral performance.

129 s included organizational policies governing monetary incentives and staff hiring.

130 Both monetary and non-monetary incentives are frequently provided to CDDs, alt

131 ensitivity and consummatory pleasure towards monetary incentives as the controls; but they exhibited

132 er short message service (SMS) reminders and monetary incentives can improve immunisation uptake in K

133 er sgACC activation to positive and negative monetary incentives compared to controls, associated wit

134 tivity is modulated by positive and negative monetary incentives during reach planning, and in partic

135 With monetary incentives emphasizing speed and penalty for sl

136 gnored by the client using a situation where monetary incentives fail to explain human motivations, o

137 mphasizes that OCD patients are sensitive to monetary incentives heightening speed in the speed-accur

138 Furthermore, monetary incentives improved tuberculosis identification

139 t parieto-frontal beta power is modulated by monetary incentives in a goal-directed reaching task.

140 relatively "normalized" neural responses to monetary incentives in chronic pain patients who take op

141 sehold tracing in 14 clinics and using small monetary incentives in the other 14 clinics), screened f

142 Lower motivation for monetary incentives linked alcohol use and binge eating

143 , and gender in environmental policies using monetary incentives to motivate behavioral change.

144 vel using pupillary and saccadic response to monetary incentives, allowing reward sensitivity to be e

145 ntangle the effects of punitive preferences, monetary incentives, and individual punishment costs on

146 INTERPRETATION: Small non-monetary incentives, which are potentially scalable, wer

147 cost, and not by any change in the weight of monetary incentives.

148 jects also had lower motivation for explicit monetary incentives.

149 cipants were exerting physical effort to win monetary incentives.

150 ch consequently lead to an important loss of monetary income.

151 Monetary inputs to, and surgical procedures provided by,

152 lated with reduced discounting in a separate monetary intertemporal choice task.

153 ience-based catch or effort limits, and that monetary investment into fisheries can help achieve mana

154 A monetary level of incentives can then be back-calculated

155 ith appetitive (monetary gain) and aversive (monetary loss and electric shock) outcomes during high-r

156 for monetary reward but also for punishment (monetary loss).

157 y for the negative feedback to be coupled to monetary loss, it had to be clearly related to the actua

158 gnitude of threat corresponded to a possible monetary loss, signaled as a quantity.

159 potential for either a monetary reward or a monetary loss.

160 r placebo had an effect on learning to avoid monetary loss.

161 nce but did not influence performance (i.e., monetary losses or rewards).

162 prefrontal cortices to the receipt of large monetary losses, and also with subclinical levels of anx

163 n brain responses during the anticipation of monetary losses, baseline D2/3 receptor availability, an

164 rediction error or regret emotion after real monetary losses.

165 o neutral faces, or striatal responsivity to monetary losses.

166 earning from reward but not in learning from monetary losses.

167 on to reduce uncertainty about outcomes of a monetary lottery, we found information purchase decision

168 monetary offers; and (ii) social context of monetary offers designed to produce either prosocial or

169 was modulated in response to (i) fairness of monetary offers; and (ii) social context of monetary off

170 engaged in two feedback tasks to gain either monetary or cigarette rewards.

171 nder exclusive arrangements, in exchange for monetary or in-kind payments that exceed costs.

172 t varied in both the physical effort and the monetary outcome associated with choice options.

173 be gained with very little experimental and monetary overhead while minimising the resources used.

174 cts the degree to which the value of delayed monetary payments is discounted.

175 g norms: (1) incentivized experiments, using monetary payments to elicit norms; (2) self-report scale

176 correlated with discounting rates for future monetary payments.

177 and use hospital charges rather than actual monetary payments.

178 e, over models that assigned utility only to monetary payoffs.

179 This study compared monetary penalties and rewards among safety net vs non-s

180 ur framework, narratives become an important monetary policy tool that can help steer the economy bac

181 in which subjects make choices between real monetary prizes for themselves and another.

182 tion about only one of two randomly selected monetary prizes that contributed to their income.

183 ased on a single year of data, use different monetary references, are calculated from different persp

184 before and after an "exposure" intervention (monetary reinforcement for looking at disgusting images)

185 these color effects were magnified following monetary reinforcement.

186 between donors and recipients fosters direct monetary relationship with no safeguards against mutual

187 tum game) where proposers offer a split of a monetary resource to a responder who either accepts or r

188 The relationship of climate and monetary resources to various freedoms can be enriched i

189 s the interaction between climactic demands, monetary resources, and freedom suggest a more general r

190 This requires extensive time and monetary resources.

191 policy decisions in light of operational and monetary restrictions, prohibiting implementation of all

192 ere, humans chose between a small, immediate monetary reward and a larger but delayed reward.

193 the mesolimbic system during anticipation of monetary reward and an alcohol infusion.

194 We used human fMRI during choices involving monetary reward and physical effort to identify brain re

195 dex finger movement and were instructed that monetary reward and punishment were based on its maximal

196 Brain activation to monetary reward anticipation and outcome was evaluated w

197 reward task involving monetary reward anticipation and/or outcome; participant

198 Examination of a well-established monetary reward anticipation paradigm during functional

199 , which not only examined choice balance for monetary reward but also for punishment (monetary loss).

200 By contrast, negative habenula responses to monetary reward cue values predict behavioral invigorati

201 sponse to receipt and anticipated receipt of monetary reward did not predict body fat gain, which has

202 act of reinforcing a skill memory trace with monetary reward following memory reactivation, on streng

203 what conditions, people are willing to forgo monetary reward for the sake of influencing others' deci

204 ens (NAcc) activation during anticipation of monetary reward from childhood to young adulthood.

205 orted lifetime trauma events and completed a monetary reward functional magnetic resonance imaging ta

206 ohol reward are related to neural indices of monetary reward in humans.

207 In another session, the outcome was monetary reward instead of pain.

208 Pupillary dilation to increasing levels of monetary reward on offer provided quantifiable metrics o

209 were motivated by the potential for either a monetary reward or a monetary loss.

210 s associated with contextual saliency (e.g., monetary reward or loss) attract attention, it is not su

211 fically, experienced value signal induced by monetary reward outcome was systematically located in th

212 nd anticipated receipt of palatable food and monetary reward predicted body fat gain over 3-year foll

213 nd anticipated receipt of palatable food and monetary reward predicted body fat gain over a 3-year fo

214 would be related to neural activation during monetary reward receipt relative to loss (in the absence

215 Subjects completed both a monetary reward task and a resting-state acquisition dur

216 Using a novel monetary reward task during functional magnetic resonanc

217 uring music listening, but not for a control monetary reward task in the NAcc.

218 Using a functional MRI monetary reward task, the authors measured brain respons

219 resonance imaging (fMRI) while performing a monetary reward task.

220 o continue with throwing a die to accumulate monetary reward under escalating risk, or the alternativ

221 (BOLD) signal change during anticipation of monetary reward using the monetary incentive delay task

222 In the second phase ("equal-reward"), a low monetary reward was given for fast correct responses for

223 detect naturalistic objects associated with monetary reward, the evasion of equivalent loss, or neit

224 with reduced motivation and sensitivity for monetary reward, which suggests insomnia may confer risk

225 Attenuation of monetary reward-related activation during abstinence was

226 did a conventional model, sensitive only to monetary reward.

227 ividuals take fewer risks as they accumulate monetary reward.

228 sivity to receipt and anticipated receipt of monetary reward.

229 ent utilization of information for obtaining monetary reward.

230 ticostriatal circuits that also responded to monetary reward.

231 duced motivation and reduced sensitivity for monetary reward.

232 the ventral striatum during anticipation of monetary reward.

233 own to vary as a function of salience (i.e., monetary reward/loss) in a spatial attention task.

234 ts with Parkinson's disease (PD) to maximize monetary rewards and minimize physical efforts in a prob

235 e investigated trade-off decisions combining monetary rewards and painful electric shocks, administer

236 Both real and hypothetical monetary rewards are widely used as reinforcers in risk

237 nce of dissociated effects of smoking versus monetary rewards as a function of abstinence.

238 participants made hand reaches and received monetary rewards as feedback on a trial-by-trial basis.

239 xhibited heightened sensitivity to exogenous monetary rewards cues both ON and OFF (overnight withdra

240 gocentrically biased when learning to obtain monetary rewards for self or others.

241 ing anticipation and outcome notification of monetary rewards in addiction.

242 la during anticipation of erotic relative to monetary rewards in healthy controls.

243 ated with time or probability discounting of monetary rewards in healthy humans, and associations wit

244 ing anticipation and outcome notification of monetary rewards in individuals with addiction using ima

245 for future utility of real and hypothetical monetary rewards in studies of risk taking and decision

246 However, whether real and hypothetical monetary rewards modulate risk taking and decision makin

247 erential effects of real versus hypothetical monetary rewards on risk taking behavior and brain activ

248 examine the effects of real and hypothetical monetary rewards on risk taking in the brain.

249 he scanner, in which they received erotic or monetary rewards preceded by predictive cues.

250 attempted reach trajectories determined the monetary rewards received in a manner that can be manipu

251 omorbid OCD, discounted the value of delayed monetary rewards significantly less than OCD and healthy

252 d a greater willingness to give up long-term monetary rewards to obtain immediate high-calorie foods.

253 was significantly higher and anticipation of monetary rewards was significantly lower during abstinen

254 Monetary rewards were used because the rewarding value o

255 uring prey and evading predators to optimize monetary rewards while exposed to the threat of unpredic

256 play an important role in the processing of monetary rewards with less understood on its role on ero

257 vation in the anticipation of natural versus monetary rewards with the former associated with ventrom

258 layed rewards when choosing between two real monetary rewards, (iii) reduced the brain reward respons

259 igate a virtual-reality environment and find monetary rewards, allowing the functional assessment of

260 positivity to cigarette rewards relative to monetary rewards, and by applying excitatory or inhibito

261 gaze bias for faces paired with high vs low monetary rewards, thus validating the use of gaze bias a

262 ks that involve trading physical efforts for monetary rewards, to quantify parameters that capture mo

263 to make saccadic eye movements for different monetary rewards, with eye position, velocity, and pupil

264 s and the midcingulate cortex in response to monetary rewards.

265 suggesting increased loss aversion with real monetary rewards.

266 onse during anticipation of both smoking and monetary rewards.

267 stimuli activate common neural pathways with monetary rewards.

268 ing on neural processing of both smoking and monetary rewards.

269 essions and ventral striatum responsivity to monetary rewards.

270 blunted (hyporeactive) striatal response to monetary rewards.

271 graine, indicating a decreased reactivity to monetary rewards.

272 with the potential to result in substantial monetary savings and reduction of nutrient loss to the e

273 cur the highest environmental impacts if the monetary savings from unpurchased food commodities were

274 ts, childhood asthma, and cancer, outperform monetary savings information to drive behavioral change

275 ned ventral striatal responses to erotic and monetary stimuli, disentangling cue-related 'wanting' fr

276 behavioural sanitation intervention with no monetary subsidies, diarrhoeal prevalence remained simil

277 id not involve any conflict between opposing monetary, temporal, or social preferences.

278 that, once the incentives are switched from monetary to child-benefitting, gender differences disapp

279 ve epochs of this game, participants collect monetary tokens on a spatial grid while under threat of

280 male and female human participants collected monetary tokens under a threat of virtual predation.

281 d disgusting stimulations, as well as unfair monetary treatments.

282 The purpose of this study is to evaluate monetary trends from 2000 to 2018 in Medicare reimbursem

283 erent environmental impacts through a single monetary unit.

284 Our results with and without monetary valuation of ecological cobenefits identify sec

285 s supported by impact assessments, including monetary valuation of environmental and health damages.

286 of up to 21%; concerning risk assessment and monetary valuation, differences in assessing long-term e

287 mospheric dispersion, impact assessment, and monetary valuation.

288 fits of the CNG conversion policy, including monetary valuations, through an impact pathway approach.

289 f which eight were assessed to calculate the monetary value of an IQ point.

290 Mobile money, a service that allows monetary value to be stored on a mobile phone and sent t

291 onal quality and taste, it has gained a high monetary value.

292 Our main outcomes are the monetary values and types of payments received by physic

293 olor, and pattern) that were associated with monetary values.

294 ification of the model is introduced where a monetary variable is provided to the residential agents

295 The dynamic on the monetary variable shows that it can increase the entropy

296 endent effect increasing the entropy via the monetary variable.

297 nsmission in the processing of erotic versus monetary visual stimuli.

298 Each picture was paired with a monetary win or loss either congruently or incongruently

299 ly shown value information to maximize their monetary wins and minimize their losses.

300 gions and encodes value (greater response to monetary wins than losses during fMRI), while the ventra