ライフサイエンスコーパス: motoneuron

1 action (DE-3 motoneurons) and elongation (CV motoneurons).

2 orce potentiation performs best for the slow motoneuron.

3 a single twitch works less well for the fast motoneuron.

4 chanism of compensation on the medial rectus motoneuron.

5 ted for harboring proximal upper limb flexor motoneurons.

6 ecting between antagonistic amine actions on motoneurons.

7 and in both polar regions by efferent gamma-motoneurons.

8 d by VGLUT1 content) on retrogradely labeled motoneurons.

9 in addition to the directly back-labeled L6 motoneurons.

10 rminates inspiration and activates laryngeal motoneurons.

11 essing CD8(+) T lymphocytes selectively kill motoneurons.

12 d KCC2, respectively, in neonatal rat lumbar motoneurons.

13 tio to the decreased number of ChAT-positive motoneurons.

14 hibition (P-boutons) on retrogradely labeled motoneurons.

15 currents from inputs formed by the different motoneurons.

16 direct rhythmic activation of lumbar flexor motoneurons.

17 last-order interneurons that innervate hand motoneurons.

18 als from spinal cord neurons with a focus on motoneurons.

19 tor-mediated excitation prevails in Group II motoneurons.

20 s that make disynaptic connections with hand motoneurons.

21 n to the region of the medial rectus C-group motoneurons.

22 rons supplying horizontal extraocular muscle motoneurons.

23 function of L-type like calcium channels in motoneurons.

24 ociated slower recovery times than secondary motoneurons.

25 em that supports the firing of medial rectus motoneurons.

26 68 granules in microglia surfaces opposed to motoneurons.

27 nd the axonal compartment of larval crawling motoneurons.

28 T cells, concomitant with the signal to the motoneurons.

29 otor cells, with monosynaptic connections to motoneurons.

30 ar inputs to control spinal interneurons and motoneurons.

31 ries on microglia function around axotomized motoneurons.

32 e characteristics mature earlier in cervical motoneurons.

33 scle receives synaptic inputs from different motoneurons.

34 a long-lasting muscarinic cation current in motoneurons.

35 providing direct monosynaptic input to alpha-motoneurons.

36 trigger inspiratory bursts that propagate to motoneurons.

37 ubclass responding robustly compared with Is motoneurons.

38 a formed macroclusters associated with dying motoneurons.

39 , and two separate populations of protractor motoneurons.

40 f muscle activation via 'C-bouton' inputs to motoneurons.

41 Notably, lamina VIII also harbors axial motoneurons.

42 s were synaptically connected to respiratory motoneurons.

43 ons between leptin receptors and respiratory motoneurons.

44 ir voltage-activated calcium channels, vagal motoneurons acquire a stressless form of pacemaking that

45 extension show that orchestration of serial motoneuron activation does not rely on feed-forward mech

46 generating a set of fundamental patterns of motoneuron activation, each timed at a specific phase of

47 itive firing properties across a spectrum of motoneuron activity states.

48 Interneurons (INs) coordinate motoneuron activity to generate appropriate patterns of

49 contribution of Kv2.1 channels to rat alpha-motoneuron activity, the Kv2 inhibitor stromatoxin was u

50 itorum longus muscle in the absence of gamma-motoneuron activity.

51 ithin the protractor nucleus that also has a motoneuron afferent population.

52 Phrenic motoneuron AMPA glutamate receptor 2 (GluR2) subunit mRN

53 substantial relief from hypoxia and improves motoneuron and locomotor function after SCI.

54 lations to increase the activity of only one motoneuron and recordings of postsynaptic currents from

55 specific MHC-I-dependent interaction between motoneuron and SOD1 (G93A) CD8(+) T cells.

56 creased the synaptic strength of respiratory motoneurons and acted to boost motor amplitude from the

57 rush of Ia afferent synapses on regenerating motoneurons and decreased presynaptic inhibitory control

58 ed a system to differentially manipulate the motoneurons and examined the effects of cell type-specif

59 of C-INs is synaptically coupled to phrenic motoneurons and excitatory inputs to these "pre-phrenic"

60 icits the expression of the MHC-I complex in motoneurons and exerts their cytotoxic function through

61 wn about the output properties of individual motoneurons and how they affect the translation of moton

62 hole-cell patch-clamp recordings from spinal motoneurons and interneurons, we describe a long-duratio

63 endritic-like muscle cell extensions towards motoneurons and is required to recruit type A GABA recep

64 g near-complete preservation of spinal alpha-motoneurons and muscle innervation.

65 citatory D(1)-mediated effect of dopamine on motoneurons and network output that also involves co-act

66 rapies are needed to support the function of motoneurons and neuromuscular junctions.

67 Motoneurons and parasympathetic preganglionic neurons we

68 interneuron activity, which inhibits caudal motoneurons and pre-conditions their excitability prior

69 injured axons, dendrites, and synapses from motoneurons and sensory neurons is strongly inhibited.

70 e spinal cord that contains limb-innervating motoneurons and sexually dimorphic motor nuclei.

71 paired recordings between identified spinal motoneurons and skeletal muscle cells in larval zebrafis

72 r junction (NMJ) is a synapse formed between motoneurons and skeletal muscle fibers that is covered b

73 Neuromuscular junction is a synapse between motoneurons and skeletal muscles, where acetylcholine re

74 amma isoforms are expressed in primary mouse motoneurons and their transcripts are translocated into

75 has been related to the hyperexcitability of motoneurons and to changes in spinal sensory processing.

76 e motoneurons that control contraction (DE-3 motoneurons) and elongation (CV motoneurons).

77 verall reduced firing rate compared with SIF motoneurons, and had significantly lower recruitment thr

78 ervical motoneurons are born prior to lumbar motoneurons, and spinal cord development follows a seque

79 nic mutants, presynapses of this cholinergic motoneuron are mislocalized to the dendrite at the ventr

80 ding of synaptic currents, we also show that motoneurons are activated by out-of-phase peaks in excit

81 We found that motoneurons are active first and form local patterned en

82 In rodents, cervical motoneurons are born prior to lumbar motoneurons, and sp

83 onstrate that Kv2.1 clustering properties in motoneurons are dynamic and respond to both high and low

84 Vestibular excitatory inputs in Group I motoneurons are mediated predominantly by NMDA receptors

85 Motoneurons are not mere output units of neuronal circui

86 In larval zebrafish, spinal motoneurons are recruited in a topographic gradient acco

87 Motoneurons are recruited systematically according to sy

88 gical studies have revealed that SIF and MIF motoneurons are segregated anatomically and receive diff

89 Motoneurons are the final output pathway for the brain's

90 mputational modeling indicated that Group II motoneurons are the major contributor to actual eye move

91 Motoneurons are traditionally viewed as the output of th

92 Dorsal nIII motoneurons are, moreover, born before motoneurons of ve

93 e ATD pathway on the firing of medial rectus motoneurons, as well as the plastic mechanisms by which

94 e significance of activated microglia around motoneurons axotomized after nerve injuries has been int

95 ingled within the abducens nucleus, with MIF motoneurons being smaller and having a lesser somatic sy

96 communication between the cortex and spinal motoneurons, but the neurophysiological basis of this co

97 paired recordings, we confirm that a single motoneuron can release both transmitters on a single pos

98 Moreover, expressing HuD in SMN-deficient motoneurons can rescue the motoneuron development and mo

99 Using motoneuron-CD8(+) T cell coculture systems, we found tha

100 rved an increase in synaptic coverage around motoneuron cell bodies compared with short-term data, wh

101 revealed increased microglia coverage of the motoneuron cell body surface with time after injury and

102 In addition to projecting to motoneurons, central vestibular neurons also receive dir

103 Interactions between microglia and motoneurons changed with time after axotomy.

104 evidence that the excitability of peripheral motoneurons contributes to the pathophysiology of restle

105 to cortical neurons, and projects to spinal motoneurons controlling hand muscles.

106 y connections were relatively common between motoneurons controlling muscles that act at different jo

107 Unlike spinal motoneurons controlling postural muscles that are inhibi

108 silencing assays we identify the individual motoneurons controlling the five major sequential steps

109 ccur in cervical motoneurons prior to lumbar motoneurons, correlating with the maturation of premotor

110 Accordingly, MIF motoneurons could control mainly gaze in the off-directi

111 SMA is characterized by motoneuron death, skeletal muscle denervation and atroph

112 Ventral root avulsion leads to severe motoneuron degeneration and prolonged distal nerve dener

113 cks progression of disease and further alpha-motoneuron degeneration.

114 Motoneuron-derived y+z+ agrin regulates the formation of

115 t SMN:HuD complexes are essential for normal motoneuron development and indicate that mRNA handling i

116 in SMN-deficient motoneurons can rescue the motoneuron development and motor defects caused by low l

117 eraction between SMN and HuD is critical for motoneuron development and point to a role for RBPs in S

118 t that in addition to autonomous mechanisms, motoneuron development depends on activity resulting fro

119 rding the mechanisms that control vertebrate motoneuron development, particularly the later stages of

120 N, indicating that both proteins function in motoneuron development.

121 Therefore, in unmyelinated Drosophila motoneurons different functions of axonal and dendritic

122 itous splicing factor SFPQ affects zebrafish motoneuron differentiation cell autonomously.

123 ords expressing ChR2, illumination increased motoneuron discharge and transiently accelerated the rhy

124 Our results show that both types of motoneuron discharge in relation to eye position and vel

125 rch in ChAT(+) or Isl1(+) neurons, depressed motoneuron discharge, transiently decreased the frequenc

126 FICANCE STATEMENT In zebrafish models of the motoneuron disease spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), motor

127 inactivation in mice results in a late-onset motoneuron disease, characterized by degeneration of axo

128 utant SOD1 produces long-term suppression of motoneuron disease, including near-complete preservation

129 observed 4 typical presentations: (1) lower motoneuron disorder responsible for proximal lower limb

130 d may appear before clinical presentation of motoneuron disorders such as amyotrophic lateral scleros

131 ed whether Drosophila tonic Ib and phasic Is motoneurons display competitive or cooperative interacti

132 Anatomically, MIF and SIF motoneurons distributed intermingled within the abducens

133 amine neurons in the substantia nigra, vagal motoneurons do not enhance their excitability and oxidat

134 nes of embryonic spinal commissural neurons, motoneurons, dorsal root ganglion neurons, retinal gangl

135 During repetitive high-frequency motoneuron drive, PMn synapses undergo depression, where

136 Brief excitation of CV motoneurons during crawling episodes resets the rhythmic

137 The recruitment of motoneurons during force generation follows a general pa

138 We show that the conductance increase in motoneurons during functional network activity is mainly

139 We analyzed motoneurons during regeneration (21 days post crush) and

140 h-conductance states were observed in spinal motoneurons during rhythmic motor behavior.

141 ow out-of-phase excitation and inhibition in motoneurons during rhythmic network activity.

142 with laser-capture microdissection of spinal motoneurons during the myelinogenic phase of development

143 ease models, contributing to denervation and motoneuron dysfunction.

144 erator (CPG) is symmetrical, with antagonist motoneurons each firing with an approximately 50% duty c

145 ncreased TrkB receptor expression in phrenic motoneurons enhances recovery post-SH.

146 Motoneurons establish a critical link between the CNS an

147 distinctly different mechanisms to regulate motoneuron excitability and behavioral plasticity, and t

148 Therefore, enhancing motoneuron excitability by L-type channels seems an old

149 s, for L-type calcium channels in augmenting motoneuron excitability.

150 In neonatal mice motoneurons excite Renshaw cells by releasing both acety

151 e highly correlated with the activity of the motoneurons excited during the contraction phase.

152 Our results show that ACh released by motoneurons exerts a hitherto unknown function independe

153 We found that inactive respiratory motoneurons exhibit a classic form of homeostatic plasti

154 stigates whether different types of abducens motoneurons exist that become active during different ty

155 ctivity is associated with increased phrenic motoneuron expression of glutamatergic N-methyl-D-aspart

156 We conclude that increased phrenic motoneuron expression of glutamatergic NMDA receptors is

157 on of voluntary electromyography) and spinal motoneurons (F-waves) in an intrinsic hand muscle during

158 At the basis of this hierarchy, we find the motoneurons, few neurons at the top control global aspec

159 Motoneuron filopodia repeatedly contacted off-target mus

160 When the light was turned off motoneuron firing and locomotor frequency both transient

161 We assessed the role of motoneuron firing during ongoing locomotor-like activity

162 ilar short-term alterations in medial rectus motoneuron firing pattern, which were more drastic in ML

163 al electrophysiological properties of spinal motoneurons follows the same rostro-caudal sequence.

164 During horizontal head movements, abducens motoneurons form the final element of the reflex arc tha

165 The gamma motoneurons (gamma-MNs) that innervate these fibers regu

166 oss-of-function mutations in the survival of motoneuron gene 1 (SMN1).

167 Microglia behaviors close to axotomized motoneurons greatly differ from those within uninjured m

168 Primary motoneurons had both larger synapses and associated slow

169 arkably, mutation of lamin A/C in muscles or motoneurons had no effect on NMJ formation in either sex

170 Similarly, peripheral octopamine action on motoneurons has been reported to be required for increas

171 AIH-induced neuroplasticity have focused on motoneurons; however, most midcervical interneurons (C-I

172 I and may play a primary role in determining motoneuron identity.

173 inals and retrogradely labeled medial rectus motoneurons in all three groups.

174 to the selective elimination of a subset of motoneurons in ALS.

175 functional participation of both MIF and SIF motoneurons in fixations and slow and phasic eye movemen

176 Here, we tested whether C-group motoneurons in Macaca fascicularis monkeys receive a dir

177 lectrophysiologically identified MIF and SIF motoneurons in the abducens nucleus.

178 , we made intracellular penetrations into 89 motoneurons in the cervical enlargement of four terminal

179 While the postganglionic motoneurons in the CG are cholinergic, as are their inpu

180 We investigated dye-coupling between motoneurons in the L6 segment of the neonatal mouse spin

181 s revealed previously unknown connections of motoneurons in the neonatal mouse cord that are likely t

182 ts with the RNA binding protein (RBP) HuD in motoneurons in vivo during formation of axonal branches

183 We show in motoneurons in vivo that SMN interacts with the RNA bind

184 , fluorescence was observed in contralateral motoneurons, in motoneurons innervating adjacent ventral

185 t its own synapses, but the coinnervating Ib motoneuron increased the number of synaptic boutons and

186 ythmic synaptic drive to flexor and extensor motoneurons, increased the spiking in each cycle, and sl

187 Through recordings of motoneurons, inhibitory interneurons, and sensory neuron

188 as observed in contralateral motoneurons, in motoneurons innervating adjacent ventral roots, and in C

189 Recurrent inhibition was strongest to motoneurons innervating shoulder muscles and elbow exten

190 As in the cat, connections were minimal for motoneurons innervating the most distal intrinsic hand m

191 tions often spanned joints, for example from motoneurons innervating wrist and digit muscles to those

192 tyramine is released into the CNS to reduce motoneuron intrinsic excitability and responses to excit

193 compensatory changes when the output of one motoneuron is altered.

194 nt can also lead to degeneration because the motoneuron is not set up to function properly.

195 the mSOD1 model of ALS, the excitability of motoneurons is poorly controlled, oscillating between hy

196 of signals modulating the activity of alpha motoneurons is required for Ia afferent-based co-contrac

197 This central effect of tyramine on motoneurons is required for the adaptive reduction of lo

198 quantal release of acetylcholine (ACh) from motoneurons is sufficient to prevent changes induced by

199 n of preBotC network activity, ultimately to motoneurons, is dependent on the strength of input synch

200 of muscle-specific genes, as well as reduced motoneuron length.

201 Distal injections labeled smaller MIF motoneurons located ventrolaterally and rostrally within

202 the nocturnal rat the feature of having MIF motoneurons located within the bounds of III.

203 ration-causing mutant background accelerated motoneuron loss and disease progression to twice the rat

204 s part of the dynamic changes that accompany motoneuron loss in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).

205 bsence of protein aggregation or significant motoneuron loss, questioning its validity to study ALS.

206 utase-1 (SOD1)(G93A) mutant decreased spinal motoneuron loss.

207 f the spinal cord demonstrated a significant motoneurons loss, accompanied by axonal degeneration, as

208 s legs syndrome, an increased HCN current in motoneurons may play a pathophysiological role, such tha

209 xcessive excitation is hypothesized to cause motoneuron (MN) degeneration in amyotrophic lateral scle

210 Kv2 currents maintain and regulate motoneuron (MN) repetitive firing properties.

211 aviors mediated by two functionally distinct motoneuron (Mn) types.

212 elopment of proprioceptive afferent input to motoneurons (MNs) and Renshaw cells (RCs) is disrupted b

213 a fatal neurodegenerative disease affecting motoneurons (MNs) in a motor-unit (MU)-dependent manner.

214 central nervous system, including in spinal motoneurons (MNs) where they aggregate as distinct membr

215 of the NMJ, focusing on communications among motoneurons, muscles and SCs, and underlying mechanisms.

216 rmation requires intimate interactions among motoneurons, muscles, and SCs.

217 Pgk1 secreted from muscle is detrimental to motoneuron neurite outgrowth and maintenance.

218 Phrenic motoneuron NMDA NR1 subunit mRNA expression was approxim

219 NogoA inhibits neurite outgrowth of motoneurons (NOM) through interaction with its receptors

220 roblasts, in primary neurons and in vivo, in motoneurons of a mouse model of CMT2A.

221 We show that motoneurons of both regions have similar properties at b

222 el after distinct patterns of stimulation in motoneurons of Drosophila We found that the spacing effe

223 Regular firing in spinal motoneurons of red-eared turtles (Trachemys scripta eleg

224 compensatory events take place in surviving motoneurons of SOD1-G93A mice, which sustain motor perfo

225 s widely expressed in the sexually dimorphic motoneurons of the L6 segment, suggesting that the dye-c

226 nIII motoneurons are, moreover, born before motoneurons of ventral nIII and nIV.

227 removal of colony stimulating factor 1 from motoneurons or in CCR2 global KOs.

228 suggested that the high-conductance state in motoneurons originated from balanced inhibition and exci

229 ing augments the muscular response evoked by motoneuron output and that this effect survives a sciati

230 ns, regulation of Kv2.1 channels and greater motoneuron output due to an increase in the inter-spike

231 We demonstrate that motoneuron output properties provide an additional perip

232 h and activity (sensory afferent), to modify motoneuron output to achieve graded muscle contraction (

233 It is hypothesized that efferent motoneuron output, in conjunction with electrical stimul

234 nd show that the strength and reliability of motoneuron outputs are inversely correlated with motoneu

235 We characterize individual motoneuron outputs to single muscle cells and show that

236 ing motor behavior in leeches indicated that motoneurons participate as modulators of this rhythmic m

237 undergo low-pass filtering that limits neck motoneuron phase-locking in response to stimuli >75 Hz.

238 that the temporal development of extraocular motoneurons plays a key role in assembling a functional

239 Whereas dorsal, lower-Rin primary motoneurons (PMns) are only activated during behaviors t

240 gative, putative interneurons outside of the motoneuron pools in addition to the directly back-labele

241 layers are supplied by anatomically discrete motoneuron pools, we injected tracer into the orbital la

242 network and the intrinsic properties of the motoneuron population driving each target was largely si

243 However, MIF motoneurons presented an overall reduced firing rate com

244 these maturative processes occur in cervical motoneurons prior to lumbar motoneurons, correlating wit

245 These results suggest that motoneuron properties do not mature by cell autonomous m

246 We conclude that motoneurons provide feedback to the central pattern gene

247 Medial rectus motoneurons receive two main pontine inputs: abducens in

248 Motoneuron recordings from spinal cord slices revealed t

249 urons and how they affect the translation of motoneuron recruitment to the strength of muscle contrac

250 at motor pathways may preferentially support motoneuron regeneration after nerve injury.

251 urons leads to activation of M2 receptors on motoneurons, regulation of Kv2.1 channels and greater mo

252 state, Kv2.1 channels homeostatically reduce motoneuron repetitive firing.

253 Our findings indicate Ib and Is motoneurons respond differently to activity mismatch or

254 indings indicate that tonic Ib and phasic Is motoneurons respond independently to changes in activity

255 including those identified as projecting to motoneurons, responded to the perturbation; the timing o

256 f recurrent inhibition in primate upper limb motoneurons, revealing that it is more flexibly organize

257 neuron outputs are inversely correlated with motoneuron Rin.

258 Plekhg5-depleted cultured motoneurons show defective axon growth and impaired auto

259 dy bends, more ventral, higher-Rin secondary motoneurons (SMns) are recruited during weaker and slowe

260 Wrist and digit flexor motoneurons sometimes inhibited the corresponding extens

261 del of ALS-like degeneration, we generated a motoneuron-specific deletion of Scnn1a, encoding the ENa

262 We used motoneuron-specific genetic manipulations to increase th

263 The response of this muscle to motoneuron spikes is best modelled as a non-linear low-p

264 Microgliosis around axotomized motoneurons starts and peaks within 2 weeks after nerve

265 o agreement on a parametric model for single motoneuron stimulation of invertebrate muscle.

266 ies differences exist in the location of the motoneurons supplying multiply innervated fibers (MIFs)

267 processes that end in phagocytic cups at the motoneuron surface, then they closely attach to the moto

268 tral roots, timed GDNF-gene therapy enhanced motoneuron survival up to 45 weeks and improved axonal o

269 ChABC gene therapy alone did not enhance motoneuron survival, but led to improved muscle reinnerv

270 r-reflexia, a typical component of the upper motoneuron syndrome.

271 ment pattern and output properties of spinal motoneurons that can together generate appropriate inten

272 tions of tonic Ib or phasic Is glutamatergic motoneurons that coinnervate postsynaptic muscles of mal

273 induce a rhythmic antiphasic activity of the motoneurons that control contraction (DE-3 motoneurons)

274 c transmission during REM sleep, hypoglossal motoneurons that control the upper airway muscles are in

275 central population project preferentially to motoneurons that move the eyes downward.

276 In contrast, motoneurons that retract the mystacial pad and indirectl

277 to some of the A- and B- group medial rectus motoneurons that supply singly innervated fibers was obs

278 ist for vertebrate muscle innervated by many motoneurons, there is no agreement on a parametric model

279 ptor-activated sacral CPGs and lumbar flexor motoneurons, thereby providing novel insights into mecha

280 erentially control elbow flexor and extensor motoneurons; therefore, it is possible that reorganizati

281 When transmitted to neck motoneurons, these signals undergo low-pass filtering th

282 w cholinergic signaling inhibits hypoglossal motoneurons through presynaptic and postsynaptic muscari

283 (NMJ), a synapse that transmits signals from motoneurons to muscle fibers to control muscle contracti

284 regulated complement system in AD, mediating motoneuron toxicity in ALS, and stimulating peripheral l

285 etween corticospinal tract fibres and spinal motoneurones undergo activity-dependent reorganization.

286 gy of synaptic vesicles in axon terminals of motoneurons via its function as a guanine exchange facto

287 was paralleled by a marked ~50% increase in motoneuron volume and a near-normal density of acetylcho

288 ere manipulation of the activity of specific motoneurons was performed in the course of fictive crawl

289 y, single-unit recordings from medial rectus motoneurons were obtained in the control situation and a

290 Axotomized motoneurons were retrogradely-labeled from muscle before

291 Nav and KCC2 drives the hyperexcitability of motoneurons which leads to spasticity after SCI.

292 ine acetyl-transferase (ChAT)-immunoreactive motoneurons which remained virtually unchanged in SOD1-G

293 earity, however, was not transmitted to neck motoneurons, which instead showed minimal phase-locking

294 ron surface, then they closely attach to the motoneuron while extending filopodia over the cell body.

295 reased with synaptic volume in both types of motoneurons, with larger synapses having slower recovery

296 h includes a protractor muscle innervated by motoneurons within the protractor nucleus that also has

297 w cells mediate recurrent inhibition between motoneurons within the spinal cord.

298 on hypothesis' predicted that neonatal mSOD1 motoneurons would be much more sensitive to such perturb

299 n the whole repertoire of eye movements, MIF motoneurons would contribute only to slow eye movements

300 tion, when less force is needed, whereas SIF motoneurons would contribute to increase muscle tension

301 certain afferents, suggesting that while SIF motoneurons would participate in the whole repertoire of