ライフサイエンスコーパス: motor unit

1 racked MUs) and 1.5 (group of all identified motor units).

2 ry and sufficient for proper function of the motor unit.

3 ntraction speed, or the tetanic force of the motor unit.

4 ps of current and the force developed by its motor unit.

5 tatory synaptic drive required to activate a motor unit.

6 ed to treat this aspect of the dysfunctional motor unit.

7 MU-mode magnitude in the space of individual motor units.

8 that there is no somatotopic organization of motor units.

9 rons and the contractile properties of their motor units.

10 rather than on rate modulation of individual motor units.

11 stimulation of single motor axons to thenar motor units.

12 nic and intermittent) as observed for the 53 motor units.

13 ate the significant and rapid fatigue of the motor units.

14 rential recruitment of separately innervated motor units.

15 uscles with pattern that mimic fast and slow motor units.

16 s nerve regeneration and restores functional motor units.

17 ng and were thus considered to form anatomic motor units.

18 ed, consistent with a loss of fast-fatigable motor units.

19 t of sphincter function and the formation of motor units.

20 slow SOL (200 pulses at 20 Hz every 30 sec) motor units.

21 cruitment pattern of slow versus fast-twitch motor units.

22 nt motor units and superior survival of slow motor units.

23 nociceptive afferent inputs on low-threshold motor units.

24 perisomatic connections are observed between motor units.

25 ing decision-making circuits, and individual motor units.

26 ree distinct types of later born "secondary" motor units.

27 d contraction was lower for the intermittent motor units (11.0 +/- 3.3 pulses s(-1)) than the tonic m

28 s (11.0 +/- 3.3 pulses s(-1)) than the tonic motor units (13.7 +/- 3.3 pulses s(-1); P = 0.005), and

29 motor units (34.6 +/- 12.3%) than the tonic motor units (21.2 +/- 9.4%) at recruitment (P = 0.001) a

30 ike interval was higher for the intermittent motor units (34.6 +/- 12.3%) than the tonic motor units

31 Loss of EMG amplitude due to the overlap of motor unit action potentials (amplitude cancellation), h

32 tromyography recordings were decomposed into motor unit action potentials to examine the neural drive

33 G signals were decomposed into discharges of motor unit action potentials.

34 Firing patterns typical of slow motor units activate genes for slow isoforms of contract

35 The results showed that motor units activated at low forces were inhibited while

36 scribe the behavior of muscles as a group of motor units activated by voluntary effort.

37 fatigue development are thought to restrict motor unit activation and limit exercise tolerance.

38 h levels of muscle sensory feedback restrict motor unit activation and limit exercise tolerance.

39 an oxygen-delivery-dependent balance between motor unit activation and peripheral fatigue development

40 an oxygen-delivery-dependent balance between motor unit activation and peripheral fatigue development

41 ships between muscle fatigue development and motor unit activation during the determination of CF.

42 The roles of muscle fatigue development and motor unit activation in determining the heavy- to sever

43 er degree of movement difficulty, and unique motor unit activation pattern associated with maximal-le

44 Multiple factors, including motor unit activation patterns, muscle fibre contractile

45 Peripheral fatigue development and motor unit activation were measured via electrical stimu

46 record the concurrent activity of only a few motor units active during a muscle contraction.

47 rt-term synchronisation of left and right EI motor unit activity and significant coherence between le

48 t be explained by a prolonged suppression of motor unit activity at the spinal level.

49 Needle electromyography revealed continuous motor unit activity in the 50- to 70-Hz frequency during

50 Here, we report the temporal patterning of motor unit activity in the soleus muscle of awake, behav

51 Single motor unit activity was recorded with intramuscular elec

52 rgies based on partial coherence analysis of motor unit activity.

53 ch task involved the recruitment of perioral motor units against an elastic load.

54 n and a decrease in the number of functional motor units, all relevant to the clinical presentation o

55 unction, muscle contractile characteristics, motor unit and motor neuron survival.

56 nce between the recruitment threshold of the motor unit and the target force for the sustained contra

57 rence between the recruitment threshold of a motor unit and the target force of the sustained contrac

58 s, and it associates with both a heavy chain motor unit and tubulin located within the A-tubule of th

59 reases in the recruitment-threshold force of motor units and a similar input-output gain of the motor

60 s of motor neurons, enlargement of surviving motor units and instability of neuromuscular junction tr

61 tractile characteristics, loss of functional motor units and motor neuron degeneration.

62 The 4DL muscles contained between 4 and 9 motor units and motor unit sizes ranged in distribution

63 contribute to failed postnatal maturation of motor units and muscle weakness.

64 Sv2a gene permits selective labeling of slow motor units and reveals their composition.

65 ent with the death of fast fatigue-resistant motor units and superior survival of slow motor units.

66 was recorded and used to identify individual motor units and their firing frequencies.

67 rce and contractile characteristics, rescued motor units and, importantly, improved motor neuron surv

68 either the recruitment of additional muscle motor units and/or the progressive recruitment of less e

69 sciculations, axonal conduction block in the motor unit arborization and of variable axonal conductio

70 Two standard tests for the evaluation of the motor unit are nerve conduction studies/electromyography

71 bules and lead to a model for how individual motor units are controlled within the outer dynein arm.

72 Hand motor units are not readily categorized into the classic

73 le neurons or, alternatively, whether entire motor units are of one type or the other.

74 hesis to test two hypotheses: (i) individual motor units are organized into stable groups (MU-modes)

75 for muscle control is that large, fatigable motor units are preferentially recruited before smaller

76 ressive decline in the muscle force at which motor units are recruited during repeated voluntary cont

77 As motor units are recruited, signals that direct blood flo

78 plays an important role in establishing how motor units are recruited.

79 system, or stems from broader defects of the motor unit, arguing for systemic SMN repletion.

80 dings challenge the classical concept of the motor unit as an anatomically distinct and functionally

81 ficantly alters the functional output of the motor unit as measured with compound muscle action poten

82 ction failure and by optimizing the input to motor units as their contractile properties change.

83 ustained contraction on the discharge of the motor unit at recruitment.

84 ograde influences in order to understand how motor units become homogeneous.

85 ns of low SMN will give insight into why the motor unit becomes dysfunctional.

86 When analysing lower- and higher-threshold motor unit behaviour at high forces we observed differen

87 is reason, we analysed the tibialis anterior motor unit behaviour at low and high forces.

88 own how the central nervous system regulates motor unit behaviour in the presence of muscle pain at h

89 f sibling neurites within single fluorescent motor units, both during development and during regenera

90 discharged in association with two different motor units, but were blocked or delayed whenever the tw

91 for the gradation of the force produced by a motor unit by rate modulation.

92 We conclude that restoration of functional motor units by embryonic stem cells is possible and repr

93 are preferentially recruited before smaller motor units by the lowest-intensity electrical cuff stim

94 ntation of confocal image projections of 4DL motor units, by applying high resolution (63x, 1.4 NA ob

95 maximal voluntary effort, assuming that all motor units can be recruited voluntarily.

96 athological mechanism in ALS, and each lower motor unit cell type vulnerable to its own set of age-re

97 Motor unit coherence analysis was used to characterize t

98 Furthermore, the amount of motor unit coherence in the low-frequency band (2-12 Hz)

99 m to yield subparticles containing different motor unit combinations and assess the microtubule-bindi

100 Motor units comprise a pre-synaptic motor neuron and mul

101 unctions inhere to RqlH-(1-505), a monomeric motor unit comprising the ATPase, linker and zinc-bindin

102 pared with the rostral band, suggesting that motor units conforming to a Fast Synapsing (FaSyn) pheno

103 Here we performed image analysis of motor unit connectivity in the fourth deep lumbrical mus

104 Surprisingly, these large motor units contained few if any degenerating synapses.

105 Many movement disorders disrupt motor unit contractile dynamics and the structure of sar

106 sarcomere displacements, we monitored single motor unit contractions in soleus and vastus lateralis m

107 is an emerging technology for imaging single motor unit contractions.

108 his, we took advantage of the relatively few motor units controlling the wings of a hawk moth, Manduc

109 Motor unit deactivation was only observed during OCC (P

110 fatigue development and increase the rate of motor unit deactivation, and (2) blood flow reperfusion

111 t of mutant animals demonstrated progressive motor unit decline in the hindlimb to a greater extent t

112 trophy (SMA), and aging, fast-fatigable (FF) motor units degenerate early, whereas motor neurons inne

113 The core structure of the dynein motor unit derives from the assembly of six AAA domains

114 ult in muscle recovery and re-recruitment of motor units despite continuous maximal effort, (3) resul

115 We showed that the motor unit developed nearly its maximal force during the

116 ("primary range") up to the point where the motor unit develops its maximal force.

117 average discharge rate for the intermittent motor units did not change across 211 +/- 153 s of inter

118 Moreover, the peak motor unit discharge and maximal rate of force variables

119 The age-related trajectory of motor unit discharge characteristic differs according to

120 The association between force and motor unit discharge rate during the ramp-phase of the c

121 e motor neuron recruitment speed and maximal motor unit discharge rate largely explains the individua

122 The peak of motor unit discharge rate occurred before force generati

123 The maximal motor unit discharge rate was associated with the explos

124 tor neuron recruitment and the instantaneous motor unit discharge rate were analysed as a function of

125 daptations included significant increases in motor unit discharge rate, decreases in the recruitment-

126 Motor unit discharge rates decline by about 50 % over 60

127 During low-force contractions, motor unit discharge rates decrease when muscle pain is

128 but were blocked or delayed whenever the two motor units discharged within a few milliseconds of one

129 a, and EMG doublet or multiplet ('myokymic') motor unit discharges, indicated that an autoantibody-me

130 B, n = 18) of doublet or multiplet myokymic motor unit discharges.

131 lucosylceramide, to neurodegeneration and to motor unit dismantling in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

132 l adjustment between low- and high-threshold motor units during painful conditions.

133 aining in the recruitment and rate coding of motor units during voluntary contractions.

134 3.3 +/- 2.5 pps (average across subjects and motor units) during the plateau phase of the submaximal

135 or diagnosing and tracking ALS, we monitored motor unit dynamics in a B6.SOD1G93A mouse model of ALS

136 the initial cellular events that precipitate motor unit dysfunction and loss remain poorly characteri

137 t turning behavior than spike count in every motor unit, even though there is sufficient variation in

138 Each motor unit exhibited the two discharge patterns (tonic a

139 f synaptic consolidation enhanced functional motor unit expansion in the absence of presynaptic NCAM.

140 re, we developed a phenomenological model of motor unit fatigue as a tractable means to predict muscl

141 he potential utility of the model to predict motor unit fatigue for more complicated, real-world appl

142 rats greatly improved repetitive firing and motor unit force generation.

143 ial trains (MUPTs) contributed by individual motor units from the composite EMG signals.

144 The procedure involves connecting the motor unit (frontalis muscle) and the upper eyelid.

145 ATP hydrolysis by the BchID motor unit fuels the insertion of Mg(2+) into the porphy

146 The findings suggest that the adaptations in motor unit function may be attributable to changes in sy

147 ental and degenerative disorders that affect motor unit function.

148 unting for this striking specificity, termed motor unit homogeneity, remain incompletely understood,

149 Some small motor units, however, no longer possessed any neuromuscu

150 We computed the firing instants of motor units identified from intramuscular EMGs detected

151 t assignment of axon terminals to identified motor units imaged at lower optical resolution (40x, 1.3

152 ose previously reported for an intact dynein motor unit in the absence of ATP, suggesting that it res

153 scharge times were obtained from 23 pairs of motor units in 14 subjects to assess the strength of mot

154 The discharge characteristics of 53 motor units in biceps brachii were recorded after being

155 actile abnormalities, the loss of functional motor units in EDL muscles and delayed end-stage disease

156 Individual motor units in flexor digitorum superficialis formed two

157 s suggest an increase in the excitability of motor units in iRLS that could enhance the likelihood of

158 and peripheral innervation patterns of axial motor units in larval zebrafish.

159 lies on the recruitment and derecruitment of motor units in response to the oscillatory descending dr

160 cruitment and derecruitment forces of single motor units in the human extensor digitorum and tibialis

161 tween these afferents and the recruitment of motor units in the lower face during the dynamics of spe

162 ny body pattern components may have multiple motor units in the optic lobe and that these are organiz

163 t time that the discharge characteristics of motor units in the tibialis anterior muscle tracked acro

164 patients likely limits clinical response of motor units in these regions for those patients.

165 large populations of longitudinally tracked motor units in tibialis anterior before and after 4 week

166 t biological tool to understand formation of motor units in vitro and a potential therapeutic tool to

167 c development in either vulnerable or stable motor units, indicating that abnormal pre-symptomatic de

168 the CNS control the activation of individual motor units, individual muscles, groups of muscles, kine

169 The dynamic function of the molecular motor units inside the supramolecular assemblies was stu

170 Proper function of the motor unit is dependent upon the correct development of

171 crease in excitatory drive to high-threshold motor units is likely required to compensate for the inh

172 a decrease in the fatigue resistance of the motor units is unknown.

173 The result is the synchronous discharge of motor units leading to rhythmic jerking.

174 ort-term synchrony was measured for pairs of motor units located within and across muscles activated

175 motor systems of the brain, spinal cord, and motor unit make functional use of new circuitry feasible

176 of a 3D physiological and pathophysiological motor unit model consisting of motor neurons coupled to

177 e the contractile properties of human thenar motor units more than paralysis alone.

178 signals were decomposed into the constituent motor unit (MU) action potential trains.

179 We recorded whole muscle and single motor unit (MU) activities in healthy adults performing

180 vestibular stimulation modulates human neck motor unit (MU) activity at sinusoidal frequencies up to

181 A motor unit (MU) coherence analysis was used to capture t

182 TRACT: During graded isometric contractions, motor unit (MU) firing rates increase steeply upon recru

183 During graded isometric contractions, motor unit (MU) firing rates increase steeply upon recru

184 Compound muscle action potential (CMAP) and motor unit (MU) number estimation (MUNE) are well-establ

185 omuscular structure and function in terms of motor unit (MU) number, size and MU potential (MUP) stab

186 KEY POINTS: Classic motor unit (MU) recording and analysis methods do not al

187 Motor unit (MU) remodelling acts to minimise loss of mus

188 ol of muscle is realized at the level of the motor unit (MU), it seems important to consider the phys

189 ALS is characterized by a motor unit (MU)-dependent vulnerability where MNs with f

190 o NMJ degeneration in a manner that reflects motor-unit (MU) vulnerability and potentially impairs co

191 ive disease affecting motoneurons (MNs) in a motor-unit (MU)-dependent manner.

192 w method is proposed for tracking individual motor units (MUs) across multiple experimental sessions

193 Some motor units (n = 22) discharged action potentials tonica

194 G) and force were recorded from 17 paralysed motor units (n = 7 subjects) in response to intraneural

195 Significantly more paralysed motor units need to be excited during patterned electric

196 ata and clinico-neurophysiological measures (motor unit number and size indices, force of contraction

197 decline in muscle strength, vital capacity, motor unit number estimates, ALS Functional Rating Scale

198 ty, ALS Functional Rating Scale-Revised, and motor unit number estimates.

199 cular atrophy (SMA) 1, 2, and 3 subjects via motor unit number estimation (MUNE) and maximum compound

200 hology, we developed an electrophysiological motor unit number estimation (MUNE) assay to measure the

201 compound muscle action potential (CMAP) and motor unit number estimation (MUNE), as in human SMA.

202 Motor unit number estimation was decreased by about half

203 ed with compound muscle action potential and motor unit number estimation.

204 with clinical measures, electrophysiological motor unit number index (MUNIX) and T2-weighted whole-bo

205 Motor Unit Number Index (MUNIX) is a novel neurophysiolo

206 n muscle, energy metabolites correlated with motor unit number index, muscle power, and speed of walk

207 This stalk-length dependency suggests that motor units of the spasmoneme may be organized in such a

208 t previously been thought to show segregated motor unit organisation.

209 covery (P < 0.001) and the re-recruitment of motor units (P < 0.001) to levels not different from CON

210 was to determine the fatigability of thenar motor units paralysed chronically (10 +/- 2 years) by ce

211 rinatal lethality, decreased motor function, motor unit pathology, and hyperexcitable MNs.

212 ge rate and recruitment threshold across the motor unit pool.

213 assessed quantitative parameters related to motor unit potential (MUP) morphology derived from elect

214 automated software (DQEMG), which extracted motor unit potential trains (MUPTs) contributed by indiv

215 The loss of motor axons and changes to motor unit potential transmission precede a clinically-r

216 le electrodes were used to sample individual motor unit potentials (MUPs) and near-fibre MUPs in the

217 Out of a total of 301 motor unit potentials identified, 23 potentials exhibite

218 rve stimulation that each electrode recorded motor unit potentials innervated by different axons.

219 Given the dispersed arrangement of motor units, precise matching of flow to metabolism is n

220 ontrol with microbial opsins, recruitment of motor units proceeds in the physiological recruitment se

221 ities in the understanding of adjustments in motor unit properties due to training interventions or t

222 Paralysed motor unit properties were independent of injury duratio

223 in ATP requirements of the already recruited motor units rather than to changes in the recruitment pa

224 PSD95 dendrite labeling reveals that larger motor units receive more excitatory synaptic input.

225 d scientific advantages compared with single motor units recorded from intramuscular electrodes.

226 Pairs of discharges of single motor units recorded in the same or different muscles of

227 ole-cell recordings, was reduced, and single motor unit recordings in awake, behaving neonates showed

228 mpared, for the first time, the behaviour of motor units recruited at low and high forces in response

229 The motor unit recruitment and derecruitment thresholds, dis

230 Exercise onset entails motor unit recruitment and the initiation of vasodilatat

231 al drive, which was measured as the speed of motor unit recruitment before the generation of afferent

232 ve increased BL firing rate and insufficient motor unit recruitment in specific phases in the lower l

233 ndicated by multiple independent measures of motor unit recruitment including conduction latency, con

234 In voluntary activation the heterogeneous motor unit recruitment together with immediate motion tr

235 Our findings indicate motor unit remodelling from middle to older age occurs t

236 ests masters athletes are more successful at motor unit remodelling, the reinnervation of denervated

237 al intercostal nerve branches, EMG sites and motor units reported in a companion paper.

238 rief review, basic contractile properties of motor units residing in human hand muscles are described

239 Surprisingly, synchrony for pairs of motor units residing in separate muscles (flexor pollici

240 We propose to call such complexes 'regulated motor units' (RMU).

241 Despite the motor unit's centrality to neuromuscular physiology, no

242 uscular electromyography to demonstrate that motor units sampled from the tibialis anterior show indi

243 Motor units serve both as the mechanical apparatus and t

244 Reconstruction of entire motor units showed that some were abnormally large.

245 th that generates a territorial hierarchy in motor unit size and disposition.

246 lost due to the partial denervation because motor unit size did not change.

247 of the motor innervation was removed because motor unit size increased by 2.5 times.

248 or units, which correlated weakly with their motor unit size.

249 suboptimal wiring length and distribution of motor unit size.

250 es contained between 4 and 9 motor units and motor unit sizes ranged in distribution from 3 to 111 mo

251 In anaesthetized dogs, multiunit and single motor unit (SMU) EMG activity was monitored in the dorsa

252 y and coherence between discharges of single motor units (SMUs) in the first dorsal interosseous (1DI

253 s hitherto unobtainable information on human motor unit structure and function, which may allow earli

254 e amelioration of neuronal histopathology in motor units such as spinal motor neurons, neuromuscular

255 ies and organization of the neural inputs to motor units supplying finger muscles is essential for un

256 ase, resulting in increased muscle force and motor unit survival and a significant increase in motor

257 its in 14 subjects to assess the strength of motor unit synchronisation and coherence during the thre

258 This study examined the strength of motor unit synchronisation based on time- and frequency-

259 The strength of motor unit synchronisation was approximately 50 % greate

260 Motor unit synchronization and 5-15 Hz coherence between

261 With paralysis and baclofen, the median motor unit tetanic forces were significantly weaker, twi

262 ordings of a substantially greater number of motor units than with conventional methods.

263 hat binds to other subunits and a C-terminal motor unit that contains six AAA (ATPase associated with

264 ests the likely domain rearrangements of the motor unit that generate its power stroke.

265 small mammals mainly relies on the number of motor units that are recruited rather than on rate modul

266 l muscle fibers they innervate form discrete motor units that execute movements of varying force and

267 of brain circuits, from sensory receptors to motor units, that are involved in control of this behavi

268 By examining the activity of individual motor units (the muscle fibers innervated by a single mo

269 project asymmetrically to the right and left motor units, thereby mediating curved orientation swims.

270 lects the changing distributions of measured motor unit time constants and effectively diagnoses mice

271 For a motor unit to function, neurons and muscle cells need to

272 cleotide-independent manner and tethers this motor unit to the A-tubule of the outer doublet microtub

273 Counts of motor units to the soleus muscle as well as of axons in

274 To determine the role of denervation and motor unit turnover in the age-related increase in skele

275 hanges occur in ALS-vulnerable TMNs based on motor unit type and discharge characteristics.

276 onal changes suggest a shift toward a slower motor unit type.

277 the disease progression as a function of the motor unit type.

278 The effects of different motor unit types, time-dependent brain effort, sources o

279 ective impact of SMN depletion on the distal motor unit using a series of SMN2-expressing transgenic

280 ent of upper/fore- limb and lower/hind- limb motor units using objective electrophysiological CMAP an

281 sitive to contraction of individual skeletal motor units was developed.

282 To investigate the force production of mouse motor units, we simultaneously recorded, for the first t

283 Greater motor unit weakness with long-term baclofen use and para

284 Data from three groups of motor units were compared: 23 paralysed units from spina

285 Surprisingly, however, small motor units were confined to a region of the muscle near

286 Several structural properties of the motor units were consistent with those reported in other

287 rmalized recruitment-threshold forces of the motor units were decreased after strength training (P <

288 The two groups of motor units were distinguished by the difference between

289 e patterns of up to 12 simultaneously active motor units were identified from each signal using compu

290 In an additional experiment, 12 motor units were recorded at two different target forces

291 Some motor units were recruited in both inspiratory and expir

292 Signals were decomposed and the same motor units were tracked across painful (intramuscular h

293 nd that the recruitment thresholds of single motor units were unchanged during repeated contractions,

294 to consider the physiological properties of motor units when attempting to understand and predict mu

295 Results from 66 motor units (whereof 31 from gastrocnemius) revealed the

296 nces in variance of motor endplate length in motor units, which correlated weakly with their motor un

297 sented as the pooled spike trains of several motor units, which provides an accurate representation o

298 The results suggest that newly recruited motor units with recruitment thresholds closer to the ta

299 tials at more regular and greater rates than motor units with recruitment thresholds further from the

300 tead, many of these components have multiple motor units within the optic lobe and are organized in a