ライフサイエンスコーパス: murein

1 wo membranes containing peptidoglycan (PG or murein).

2 g that the amidases help to split the septal murein.

3 D-glutamyl-meso-diaminopimelate, to form new murein.

4 Unlike the periplasmic murein amidases, AmiD did not participate in cell separa

5 Destruction of the murein and bursting of the cell are immediate sequelae.

6 wall murein degradation products for de novo murein and lipopolysaccharide synthesis.

7 ansfer, to form the carbohydrate backbone of murein, and transpeptidation, to form the interstrand pe

8 The amino sugars of the murein are also efficiently recycled.

9 The final steps in the maturation of murein are catalyzed by a single, bifunctional enzyme, k

10 formation of cell wall, also referred to as murein, are catalyzed by high-molecular-weight, class A

11 itical for suppression, while the C-terminal murein-binding domain is dispensable.

12 ructured linker, and a C-terminal, globular, murein-binding SPOR domain.

13 NAM for the efficient feedback regulation of murein biosynthesis and by priming the PEP molecule for

14 CS may mediate membrane integrity as well as murein biosynthesis and virulence factor expression in S

15 omultimeric complex involving MraY and other murein biosynthesis enzymes.

16 and the three preceding steps of cytoplasmic murein biosynthesis, MurC, -D, and -E,, raise the prospe

17 li by inhibiting MraY, a conserved enzyme of murein biosynthesis.

18 MurA, the catalyst of the committed step of murein biosynthesis.

19 e that catalyses the first committed step of murein biosynthesis.

20 e and S. pneumoniae, indicative of a role in murein biosynthesis.

21 codes an extracellular protein that mediates murein biosynthesis.

22 In the cytosol, this complex contains both murein biosynthetic enzymes and morphogenetic proteins,

23 the organization of several other cytosolic murein biosynthetic enzymes such as MraY, MurB, MurC, Mu

24 gest that EnvC plays a direct role in septal murein cleavage to allow outer membrane constriction and

25 B and C) are periplasmic enzymes that remove murein cross-links by cleaving the peptide moiety from N

26 ned through site-directed mutagenesis of the murein D-alanyl-D-alanine-adding enzyme from Escherichia

27 meshwork of the PG, thus coupling fusion to murein degradation by the phage endolysin.

28 the N-acetylglucosamine present in cell wall murein degradation products for de novo murein and lipop

29 ing to activation of secreted endolysins and murein degradation.

30 The addition of cross-linked murein, disaccharides linked to interconnected wall pept

31 ize, this study describes the discovery of a murein endopeptidase with a hitherto unknown catalytic s

32 is the number of disaccharides added to the murein for every internal cleavage event.

33 ecycle the amino sugar moieties of cell wall murein has remained unanswered.

34 We show that bacteriophage N4 encodes a murein hydrolase (gp61) that is essential for N4 plaque-

35 glycan amidases via its interaction with the murein hydrolase activator, EnvC.

36 Zymographic and quantitative analyses of murein hydrolase activity also revealed that disruption

37 nd lrgAB operons have been shown to regulate murein hydrolase activity and affect antibiotic toleranc

38 ous operons that have been shown to regulate murein hydrolase activity and affect sensitivity to peni

39 The cid operon enhances murein hydrolase activity and antibiotic sensitivity, wh

40 The cid gene products enhance murein hydrolase activity and antibiotic tolerance where

41 d demonstrate that these operons, as well as murein hydrolase activity and antibiotic tolerance, are

42 operons have previously been shown to affect murein hydrolase activity and antibiotic tolerance.

43 ytSR two-component regulatory system affects murein hydrolase activity and autolysis.

44 Due to the growing link between murein hydrolase activity and biofilm maturation, autoly

45 hown to play a key role in the regulation of murein hydrolase activity and cell death in a manner tho

46 e wild-type gene restored expression of this murein hydrolase activity and cell separation levels to

47 of the B. anthracis cid and lrg homologues, murein hydrolase activity and cell viability in stationa

48 Staphylococcus aureus lrgAB operon inhibits murein hydrolase activity and decreases sensitivity to p

49 ence of 35 mM glucose and that this enhances murein hydrolase activity and decreases tolerance to van

50 was recently shown to inhibit extracellular murein hydrolase activity and increase tolerance to peni

51 om that of lrgAB by increasing extracellular murein hydrolase activity and increasing sensitivity to

52 Cid proteins enhance murein hydrolase activity and penicillin sensitivity, wh

53 ologous proteins that regulate extracellular murein hydrolase activity and penicillin tolerance in a

54 teins that are involved in the regulation of murein hydrolase activity and penicillin tolerance.

55 -regulated operon, designated lrgAB, affects murein hydrolase activity and penicillin tolerance.

56 ysis in S. aureus by affecting the intrinsic murein hydrolase activity associated with the cell.

57 was also shown to have a positive impact on murein hydrolase activity but a negligible effect on sen

58 er resistance to lysis is due to a defect in murein hydrolase activity by using a zymogram analysis.

59 cidA gene results in decreased extracellular murein hydrolase activity compared to that of S. aureus

60 rgAB mutant produced increased extracellular murein hydrolase activity compared to that of the wild-t

61 sarV gene results in decreased extracellular murein hydrolase activity compared to that of wild-type

62 lts in significantly decreased extracellular murein hydrolase activity compared with that of the pare

63 Penicillin-induced killing and murein hydrolase activity in Staphylococcus aureus are d

64 r, neither mutation had a dramatic effect on murein hydrolase activity or autolysis.

65 , respectively, that function to control the murein hydrolase activity produced by the bacteria.

66 n of cidABC expression resulted in increased murein hydrolase activity produced by these cells.

67 increased autolysis and an altered level of murein hydrolase activity produced compared with the par

68 tracellular protease levels and altering the murein hydrolase activity profile.

69 Zymographic analysis of murein hydrolase activity revealed that inactivation of

70 Zymographic and quantitative analyses of murein hydrolase activity revealed that mutation of the

71 Zymographic and quantitative analysis of murein hydrolase activity revealed that the lrgAB mutant

72 Rv2719c protein exhibited mycobacterial murein hydrolase activity that was localized to the N-te

73 , as well as its counterpart EA1, to exhibit murein hydrolase activity was confirmed by cloning their

74 The effect of glucose on murein hydrolase activity was not observed in the cidA m

75 ncode a novel regulatory system that affects murein hydrolase activity, stationary-phase survival and

76 ion of the cid and lrg operons, which affect murein hydrolase activity, stationary-phase survival, an

77 n operon that encodes a positive effector of murein hydrolase activity, the upregulation of cidABC ex

78 enicillin, attributable in part to increased murein hydrolase activity.

79 on has a positive influence on extracellular murein hydrolase activity.

80 nes confer negative control on extracellular murein hydrolase activity.

81 ypothesized to be involved in the control of murein hydrolase activity.

82 g of S. aureus involves a novel regulator of murein hydrolase activity.

83 teins while lrgB may encode a protein having murein hydrolase activity.

84 Streptococcus mutans surface protein affects murein hydrolase activity.

85 Interestingly, the predominant murein hydrolase affected was an 85 kDa protein that was

86 processes: increased expression of the AtlA murein hydrolase and decreased expression of wall-teicho

87 PCL is dependent upon the AtlA murein hydrolase and is regulated, in part, by the SrrAB

88 forms and perturb the deposition of the BslO murein hydrolase at cell division septa.

89 likely due to its inability to deposit BslO murein hydrolase at divisional septa.

90 s of these genes suggest that lrgA encodes a murein hydrolase exporter similar to bacteriophage holin

91 effects on autolysis, in part, by modulating murein hydrolase expression and/or activity.

92 In this report, we studied a murein hydrolase from the streptococcal bacteriophage C(

93 One such YSIRK-containing protein is the murein hydrolase LytN.

94 vidence for the enzymatic flexibility of the murein hydrolase NamA and demonstrate that bacterial sep

95 217-225, which is derived from the bacterial murein hydrolase p60 and presented by the H-2Kd MHC clas

96 y establish the existence of the cid and lrg murein hydrolase regulatory network in B. anthracis, but

97 ies are consistent with a role for PcsB as a murein hydrolase that balances the extent of cell wall s

98 studies show that lysin represents a unique murein hydrolase that has a rapid lethal effect both in

99 LytN, a cross-wall murein hydrolase, contributes to the release of SpA by r

100 lular Listeria monocytogenes secretes p60, a murein hydrolase, into the host cell cytosol, where it i

101 from the bacterial surface by treatment with murein hydrolase, suggesting that the pilus fibres may b

102 of BslO, the S-layer-associated protein, and murein hydrolase, which cleaves septal peptidoglycan to

103 OmpR; the second contained mipA, encoding a murein hydrolase.

104 ere that Esp cleaves autolysin (Atl)-derived murein hydrolases and prevents staphylococcal release of

105 Murein hydrolases appear to be widespread in the virions

106 nvolved in the modification of substrates of murein hydrolases as well as in the regulation of expres

107 A model is proposed whereby murein hydrolases cleave the anchor structure of release

108 erns that provide protection from endogenous murein hydrolases governing cell division and from bacte

109 The regulation of murein hydrolases is a critical aspect of peptidoglycan

110 r to this N-terminal domain are found in the murein hydrolases of staphylococcal phages but not in th

111 Murein hydrolases of staphylococcal phages phi11, 80alph

112 nhibiting a putative holin from transporting murein hydrolases out of the cell.

113 Lysins are murein hydrolases produced by bacteriophage that act on

114 onger restricted the deposition of LysM-type murein hydrolases to cell division sites, which was asso

115 hat the LysM domains of Sle1 and LytN direct murein hydrolases to the staphylococcal envelope in the

116 us aureus, a spherical microbe, secretes two murein hydrolases with LysM domains, Sle1 and LytN.

117 Finally, two murein hydrolases, AmiC and EnvC, have been shown to loc

118 lation of expression and/or activity of some murein hydrolases, which, in turn, may play important ro

119 ation, and purified SspA cleaves Atl-derived murein hydrolases.

120 A and SarA both being negative regulators of murein hydrolases.

121 drolase/peptidase) domain found in bacterial murein hydrolases; however, direct links between steps i

122 mutant displayed several bands of decreased murein hydrolytic activity.

123 we also present evidence that EnvC possesses murein hydrolytic activity.

124 alog of l,d-transpeptidases in E. coli, is a murein hydrolytic enzyme that catalyzes cleavage of Lpp

125 rst evidence in E. coli that FtsZ can direct murein incorporation into the lateral cell wall independ

126 wn to high cell density, conditions in which murein is more highly cross-linked.

127 inks between diaminopimelate residues in the murein layer was increased under N-limiting conditions,

128 Hydrolysis of the murein layer with lysozyme did not alter the distributio

129 cid, a ribitol-phosphate polymer tethered to murein linkage units, prevents the LysM domain from bind

130 Peptidoglycan-associated lipoprotein (Pal), murein lipoprotein (LppA), and outer membrane protein A

131 The 5- to 9-kDa OMP was identified as murein lipoprotein (MLP) based on immunoblotting studies

132 We identified murein lipoprotein (MLP), a highly conserved gram-negati

133 of bacteria and, as primary antibodies, anti-murein lipoprotein (MLP), peptidoglycan-associated lipop

134 The murein lipoprotein gene lpp promoted capsule retention t

135 is reminiscent of that described for Braun's murein lipoprotein in that the N terminus of the polypep

136 studies suggest that in strain 43895OR, the murein lipoprotein Lpp indirectly regulates CsgA express

137 oglycan-associated lipoprotein, Pam3Cys, and murein lipoprotein, on endothelial function and coagulat

138 peptidase cleavage site to mimic that of the murein lipoprotein.

139 Braun (murein) lipoprotein (Lpp) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) a

140 Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and Braun (murein) lipoprotein (Lpp) are major components of the ou

141 al outer membrane components, such as Braun (murein) lipoprotein (Lpp), is not well defined.

142 may be part of an efflux pump or involved in murein metabolism.

143 ed GFP-CWT binding to staphylococci, whereas murein monomers or lysostaphin-solubilized cell wall fra

144 Escherichia coli breaks down over 60% of the murein of its side wall and reuses the component amino a

145 anhydro-MurNAc derived either from cell wall murein or imported from the medium.

146 pathways for glutathione, F420, folate, and murein peptide biosyntheses illustrate convergent evolut

147 An mpaA mpl (murein peptide ligase) double mutant accumulated large a

148 ntified a new gene product, designated MppA (murein peptide permease A), that is about 46% identical

149 YkfB suggest roles in the metabolism of the murein peptide, of which L-Ala-D-Glu is a component.

150 se unique substrates for AmpG, which contain murein peptides linked to GlcNAc-anhMurNAc, are produced

151 The synthesis of the murein precursor lipid I is performed by MraY.

152 d enzyme that catalyzes the formation of the murein precursor, Lipid I, from UDP-N-acetylmuramic acid

153 The murein precursor, UDP-N-acetylmuramyl-L-Ala-gamma-D-Glu-

154 A(2) blocked synthesis of murein precursors in vivo by inhibiting MurA, the cataly

155 cell via the AmpG permease component of the murein recycling pathway.

156 Turnover and recycling of the cell wall murein represent a major metabolic pathway of Escherichi

157 urNAc and l-alanine in both muropeptides and murein sacculi.

158 The final product, the murein sacculus, is a single, covalently closed macromol

159 ts confirmed that it physically binds to the murein sacculus.

160 embrane of most bacteria, the peptidoglycan (murein) sacculus is a meshwork of glycan strands joined

161 ing the coordination of the divisome and the murein-shaping machinery in the periplasm.

162 rystal structures of a MurNAc kinase, called murein sugar kinase (MurK), in its unbound state as well

163 at MreC might act as a scaffold to which the murein synthases are recruited in order to spatially org

164 ere we demonstrate that SpA is released with murein tetrapeptide-tetraglycyl [L-Ala-D-iGln-(SpA-Gly5)

165 -His-His-Tyr) that appears to be specific to murein tetrapeptide.

166 specifically recognizes some form of septal murein that is only transiently available during the con

167 Also known as murein, the cell wall is a two-dimensional polymer, cons

168 acid is missing, as is the case in some LTs (murein transglycosylase A) and expansins.

169 his domain from E. coli membrane-bound lytic murein transglycosylase D.

170 n from Escherichia coli membrane-bound lytic murein transglycosylase D.

171 fector HopPtoC(EA), and membrane-bound lytic murein transglycosylase MltE(EA).

172 ipoprotein with homology to Escherichia coli murein transglycosylase, elicits protective Ab to mening

173 locus (CEL) orf1, encoding a putative lytic murein transglycosylase, resulted in decreased virulence

174 G to be a permease required for recycling of murein tripeptide and uptake of anhydro-muropeptides.

175 nal mutation in the gene for the periplasmic murein tripeptide binding protein MppA, was previously r

176 ) double mutant accumulated large amounts of murein tripeptide in its cytoplasm, consistent with the

177 a-D-glutamyl-diaminopimelic acid bond in the murein tripeptide L-alanyl-gamma-D-glutamyl-meso-diamino

178 a coli essential for uptake of the cell wall murein tripeptide L-alanyl-gamma-D-glutamyl-meso-diamino

179 carried the mppA locus was unable to grow on murein tripeptide unless it was provided with oppBCDF ge

180 DppA (dipeptide), MppA (murein tripeptide), and SapA (antimicrobial peptides) ar

181 coli efficiently reuses, i.e., recycles, its murein tripeptide, L-alanyl-gamma-D-glutamyl-meso-diamin

182 a in which Dap was replaced by the cell wall murein tripeptide, L-alanyl-gamma-D-glutamyl-mesodiamino

183 model whereby the periplasmic MppA binds the murein tripeptide, which is then transported into the cy