ライフサイエンスコーパス: musk

1 markers of neuromuscular dysfunction (CHRNA1/MUSK).

2 eceptor for muscle-specific tyrosine kinase (MuSK).

3 he muscle specific receptor tyrosine kinase (MUSK).

4 protein 4 (Lrp4) and muscle-specific kinase (MuSK).

5 he muscle-specific receptor tyrosine kinase (MuSK).

6 s have antibodies to muscle-specific kinase (MuSK).

7 AChR) or to muscle-specific tyrosine kinase (MuSK).

8 s to neural Agrin by binding and stimulating MuSK.

9 of how signals are transduced from agrin to MuSK.

10 ator to promote association between Lrp4 and MuSK.

11 eptide representing the Dok7-binding site on MuSK.

12 n essential intracellular binding protein of MuSK.

13 27V are both located in the kinase domain of MuSK.

14 ed uniformly in mice lacking either agrin or MuSK.

15 for proper folding of Ig1 and processing of MuSK.

16 ne complex is required for the activation of MuSK.

17 the membrane and formation of a complex with MuSK.

18 in that acts by binding to LRP4 to stimulate MuSK.

19 develop antibodies against agrin, LRP4, and MuSK.

20 ytoplasmic domain of muscle-specific kinase (MuSK), a major component of the agrin receptor.

21 itter receptor, (ii) muscle-specific kinase (MuSK), a receptor tyrosine kinase essential for the form

22 nction downstream of muscle-specific kinase (MuSK), a receptor tyrosine kinase expressed in skeletal

23 receptor family, and muscle-specific kinase (MuSK), a receptor tyrosine kinase.

24 scle proteins: LRP4, the receptor for Agrin; MuSK, a receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK); and Dok7 (or Dok

25 uromuscular synapse formation by stimulating MuSK, a receptor tyrosine kinase expressed in skeletal m

26 Agrin activates MuSK, a receptor tyrosine kinase expressed in skeletal m

27 This muscle prepattern requires MuSK, a receptor tyrosine kinase that is essential for s

28 MuSK, a receptor tyrosine kinase that is expressed in sk

29 ors requires Lrp4, a LDLR family member, and MuSK, a receptor tyrosine kinase.

30 rin, a factor released from motoneurons, and MuSK, a transmembrane tyrosine kinase that is activated

31 These papers substantially reshape the agrin-MuSK-ACh hypothesis of neuromuscular synaptogenesis.

32 surface LRP4 levels, inhibited agrin-induced MuSK activation and AChR clustering, and activated compl

33 Disruption of lipid rafts inhibits MuSK activation and downstream signaling and AChR cluste

34 rin, forms a complex with MuSK, and mediates MuSK activation by Agrin.

35 e structure provides the molecular basis for MuSK activation by Dok7 and for rationalizing several Do

36 is responsible for transducing signals from MuSK activation to AChR clustering, culminating in cross

37 trate that Lrp4 is necessary, independent of MuSK activation, for presynaptic differentiation in vivo

38 osphorylation of the AChR, without affecting MuSK activation.

39 ophobic patch are critical for agrin-induced MuSK activation.

40 MuSK also caused subtle changes to the structure and fun

41 Furthermore, we found that MuSK also plays an important role in mediating hippocamp

42 Hippocampal disruption of MuSK also prevents the learning-dependent induction of b

43 agrin-induced phosphorylation/activation of MuSK and activation of Rac-1.

44 CA mAbs, and mature monovalent Fabs bound to MuSK and demonstrated pathogenic capacity.

45 and that the combinatorial function of UnpFL/MuSK and dystroglycan generates diverse patterns of vert

46 pathway, Tid1, which directly interacts with MuSK and is responsible for transducing signals from MuS

47 While the agrin receptor components MuSK and Lrp4 were below detection level in neuron popul

48 like domain of MuSK, prevent binding between MuSK and Lrp4, and inhibit Agrin-stimulated MuSK phospho

49 ceptor clusters, and increased expression of MuSK and Lrp4, two cell surface receptors required for N

50 to neuromuscular synapse formation, such as MuSK and nAChRs, are induced before muscle innervation o

51 PDZRN3 binds to MuSK and promotes its ubiquitination.

52 which promotes association between Lrp4 and MuSK and stimulates MuSK kinase activity.

53 How Agrin activates MuSK and stimulates synaptic differentiation is not know

54 napse formation by binding agrin, activating MuSK and stimulating postsynaptic differentiation, and f

55 ynapse formation can occur in the absence of MuSK and that the combinatorial function of UnpFL/MuSK a

56 Biglycan binds MuSK and the levels of this receptor tyrosine kinase are

57 Results showed that polycyclic musks and MTCS are present in mangrove ecosystems and ca

58 e find that muscle-specific receptor kinase (MuSK) and its putative ligand Wnt11r are crucial for res

59 te the expression of muscle specific kinase (MuSK) and rapsyn (a cytoplasmic MuSK effector protein) i

60 immunosorbent assay and Western blot; AChR, MuSK, and anti-striated muscle antibodies were detected

61 Mutations have been identified in agrin, MuSK, and LRP4 in patients with congenital myasthenic sy

62 s a receptor for Agrin, forms a complex with MuSK, and mediates MuSK activation by Agrin.

63 ce share similar mechanisms, requiring Lrp4, MuSK, and neuronal Agrin but not the MuSK Fz-like domain

64 te that Dok-7 also functions downstream from MuSK, and we identify the proteins that are recruited to

65 epresentative of antibacterial agents, nitro-musks, and surfactants, respectively.

66 MG with MuSK antibodies (MuSK-MG) is often associated with persi

67 in neuromuscular transmission failure since MuSK antibodies alter neuromuscular junction morphology

68 The patients with neither AChR nor MuSK antibodies are often called seronegative (seronegat

69 her immune components, suggesting that these MuSK antibodies cause disease by directly interfering wi

70 MuSK antibodies per se may predispose to muscle thinning

71 imilar approach was used to demonstrate that MuSK antibodies, although mainly IgG4, were partially Ig

72 s are double-negative for anti-AChR and anti-MuSK antibodies.

73 h AChR antibodies, and 11 (4.4%) had MG with MuSK antibodies.

74 23.7%; P = .02), and 0 of 11 who had MG with MuSK antibodies; 0 of 29 controls had cortactin antibodi

75 , and in others anti-muscle-specific kinase (MuSK) antibodies that show pathogenic effects in vivo.

76 de studies confirm three major phenotypes in MuSK antibody positive myasthenia gravis (MMG) patients:

77 Antibodies to muscle specific kinase [MuSK; MuSK antibody positive myasthenia gravis (MuSK-MG)] make

78 MuSK antibody positive patients represent a unique subse

79 certain how muscle specific tyrosine kinase (MuSK) antibody positive myasthenia gravis results in neu

80 reatment of muscle-specific tyrosine kinase (MuSK) antibody positive myasthenia gravis will be review

81 he muscle-specific receptor tyrosine kinase (MuSK) are essential for the acetylcholine receptor (AChR

82 linesterase, and the muscle-specific kinase, MuSK, are expressed selectively by a small number of myo

83 which bind the Frizzled (Fz)-like domain in MuSK, are required for prepatterning, suggesting that Wn

84 Key genes, such as Agrin, Lrp4, and MuSK, are required for the initial formation, subsequent

85 MuSK-associated proteins such as Dok7, LRP4, and Wnt11r

86 Here, we demonstrated that MuSK became rapidly internalized in response to agrin, w

87 e we show that pathogenic IgG4 antibodies to MuSK bind to a structural epitope in the first Ig-like d

88 kinase expressed in skeletal muscle, and the MuSK binding protein Dok-7.

89 aveolin-3 is a novel muscle-specific kinase (MuSK) binding protein and that altered nAChR clustering

90 inity maturation may contribute to increased MuSK-binding affinity.

91 LDLR family member that forms a complex with MuSK, binds neural agrin and stimulates MuSK kinase acti

92 However, monovalent UCA Fabs bound to MuSK but did not have measurable pathogenic capacity.

93 ted to RTKs, Dok7 is not only a substrate of MuSK, but also an activator of MuSK's kinase activity.

94 Activation of MuSK by agrin, a neuronally derived heparan-sulfate prot

95 in cultured myotubes show that regulation of MuSK by PDZRN3 plays an important role in MuSK-mediated

96 Regulation of cell surface levels of MuSK by PDZRN3 requires the ubiquitin ligase domain and

97 dings demonstrate that missense mutations in MUSK can result in a severe form of CMS and indicate tha

98 method for the determination of 9 synthetic musk compounds in seafood products by combining the quic

99 The method was applied to quantify musk compounds in seafood products from the European sou

100 The ectodomain of MuSK comprises three immunoglobulin-like domains and a c

101 Dysfunction of MuSK CRD in patients has been recently associated with t

102 Together, our data reveal that MuSK CRD is critical for NMJ formation and plays an unsu

103 inct species and it clarifies that Himalayan musk deer and Kashmir musk deer are confirmed instead of

104 arifies that Himalayan musk deer and Kashmir musk deer are confirmed instead of Alpine musk deer Mosc

105 nvestigated the phylogenetic relationship of musk deer from the central and western Himalayas based o

106 The taxonomic status of musk deer in the central and western Himalayas is poorly

107 Our analysis validates that Kashmir musk deer is a genetically distinct species and it clari

108 ir musk deer are confirmed instead of Alpine musk deer Moschus chrysogaster which has been previously

109 Kashmir musk deer Moschus cupreus (KMD) are the least studied sp

110 eer Mustang lineage was confirmed as Kashmir musk deer Moschus cupreus and has wide distribution in t

111 rom central Nepal are confirmed as Himalayan musk deer Moschus leucogaster and represent a species co

112 Musk deer Moschus spp. are endemic to the high mountain

113 The musk deer Mustang lineage was confirmed as Kashmir musk

114 preus (KMD) are the least studied species of musk deer.

115 Expression studies in MuSK deficient myotubes revealed that A727V, which is lo

116 We propose that a Wnt11r-MuSK dependent, PCP-like pathway restricts neural crest

117 ling endosomes and that this localization is MuSK dependent.

118 hat this prepatterning of AChRs, via a novel MuSK-dependent Wnt pathway, may guide motor axons to the

119 tivation of ERK1/2 in myotubes that was Lrp4/MuSK-dependent.

120 ese IgG4 antibodies have no direct effect on MuSK dimerization or MuSK internalization.

121 Once recruited to MuSK, Dok-7 directly stimulates MuSK kinase activity.

122 proteins that associate with the initiating MuSK/Dok-7/Crk/CrkL complex, regulate acetylcholine rece

123 e that appears independent of the Agrin-LRP4-MuSK-DOK7 acetylcholine receptor clustering pathway.

124 DOK7 is a component within the AGRN-LRP4-MUSK-DOK7 signalling pathway that is key for the formati

125 of NSF expression and NSF mutation attenuate MuSK downstream signaling.

126 eta) expression, suggesting that the role of MuSK during memory consolidation critically involves the

127 noglobulin-like domains (Ig1 and Ig2) of the MuSK ectodomain at 2.2 A resolution.

128 that Wnt11r binds to the zebrafish unplugged/MuSK ectodomain to organize this central muscle zone.

129 ncoding either MuSK or rapsyn (a cytoplasmic MuSK effector protein) fused to green fluorescent protei

130 ific kinase (MuSK) and rapsyn (a cytoplasmic MuSK effector protein) in the tibialis anterior muscle o

131 leimide sensitive factor (NSF) in regulating MuSK endocytosis and subsequent signaling in response to

132 usk is prepatterned in muscle and that early Musk expression in developing myotubes is sufficient to

133 We also provide evidence that MuSK expression in the hippocampus is required for memor

134 We further show that ectopic Musk expression promotes ectopic synapse formation, indi

135 In addition, ectopic Musk expression stimulates synapse formation in the abse

136 Concentrations of synthetic musk fragrance compounds, methyl triclosan (MTCS), polyc

137 on source helped to distinguish two isomeric musk fragrances by means of different ionization behavio

138 The results show that biocides, musk fragrances, and other personal care products were t

139 , biocides, additives, corrosion inhibitors, musk fragrances, UV light stabilizers, and industrial ch

140 s cause disease by directly interfering with MuSK function.

141 Here, we report the crystal structure of the MuSK Fz-CRD at 2.1 A resolution.

142 ast, prepatterning in zebrafish requires the MuSK Fz-like domain but not Lrp4.

143 g Lrp4, MuSK, and neuronal Agrin but not the MuSK Fz-like domain or Wnt production from muscle.

144 patterning in mice requires Lrp4 but not the MuSK Fz-like domain.

145 Two commonly used synthetic polycyclic musks, galaxolide (HHCB) and tonalide (AHTN), were selec

146 denervated muscle suppressed Mgn, nAChR, and MuSK gene induction, whereas Dach2 knockdown induced Mgn

147 protein) fused to green fluorescent protein (MuSK-GFP and rapsyn-GFP, respectively).

148 MuSK-GFP caused an unexpected decay in nerve-evoked teta

149 The protective effect of MuSK-GFP in muscles of mdx mice was associated with incr

150 mdx muscles overexpressing MuSK-GFP or rapsyn-GFP exhibited significantly milder fo

151 Muscle specific kinase (MuSK) has a well-defined role in stabilizing the develop

152 Muscle-specific tyrosine kinase receptor (MuSK) has been believed to be mainly expressed and funct

153 ipoprotein receptor-related protein 4 (LRP4)/MuSK, has been described as an antigen in dSNMG.

154 he muscle-specific receptor tyrosine kinase, MuSK, have critical roles in synapse-specific transcript

155 hR) and a kinase critical for NMJ formation, MuSK; however, a proportion of MG patients are double-ne

156 The structure reveals that MuSK Ig1 and Ig2 are Ig-like domains of the I-set subfam

157 LRP4 also forms a complex with MuSK in a manner that is stimulated by agrin.

158 est a mechanism for the protective effect of MuSK in mdx muscles.

159 ere, we demonstrate that the CRD deletion of MuSK in mice caused profound defects of both muscle prep

160 n that is thought to act in cis to stimulate MuSK in muscle fibers for postsynaptic differentiation.

161 uscular junction, suggesting novel roles for MuSK in muscle physiology and pathophysiology.

162 g a novel, evolutionarily conserved role for MuSK in neural crest migration.

163 emonstrating that the postsynaptic cell, and MuSK in particular, has a potent role in regulating the

164 ped procedure was applied to determine nitro musks in environmental water samples and was demonstrate

165 sis, was developed for the analysis of nitro musks in environmental water samples.

166 or the determination of synthetic polycyclic musks in oyster samples by using one-step microwave-assi

167 DEP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP), and synthetic musks in the gas phase and for DEHP, DiBP, DBP, and DINP

168 suggesting that association between Lrp4 and MuSK, independent of additional ligands, initiates prepa

169 e N-terminal half of Tid1 induced agrin- and MuSK-independent phosphorylation and clustering of AChRs

170 novel signaling pathway by which Agrin-LRP4-MuSK induces tyrosine phosphorylation of Rapsn, which is

171 However, the physiological role of Wnt-MuSK interaction in NMJ formation and function remains t

172 MuSK interacts with the Wnt morphogens, through its Friz

173 ave no direct effect on MuSK dimerization or MuSK internalization.

174 equently, a muscle-specific tyrosine kinase (MuSK) involved in AChR clustering.

175 We demonstrate that UnpFL/MuSK is critical for the assembly of focal synapses in z

176 Here we show that MuSK is expressed in the brain, particularly in neurons,

177 The receptor tyrosine kinase MuSK is indispensable for nerve-muscle synapse formation

178 MuSK is necessary for prepatterning of the endplate zone

179 The muscle-specific kinase MuSK is one of the key molecules orchestrating neuromusc

180 Here we show that expression of Musk is prepatterned in muscle and that early Musk expre

181 Muscle-specific kinase (MuSK) is a receptor tyrosine kinase expressed exclusivel

182 Muscle-specific kinase (MuSK) is an essential receptor tyrosine kinase for the e

183 ved for the two nitro musks (musk xylene and musk ketone) are significantly lower ranging between MDL

184 How Agrin binds Lrp4 and stimulates MuSK kinase activity is poorly understood.

185 with MuSK, binds neural agrin and stimulates MuSK kinase activity.

186 ciation between Lrp4 and MuSK and stimulates MuSK kinase activity.

187 recruited to MuSK, Dok-7 directly stimulates MuSK kinase activity.

188 Finally, we show that MuSK knockout mice display similar neural crest cell mig

189 of MuSK by PDZRN3 plays an important role in MuSK-mediated nicotinic acetylcholine receptor clusterin

190 nteraction with the receptor tyrosine kinase MuSK, mediates accumulation of acetylcholine receptors (

191 Formation of the Dok7/MuSK/membrane complex is required for the activation of

192 vide insight into the unique pathogenesis of MuSK MG and provide clues toward development of specific

193 in mice have shown that IgG4 antibodies from MuSK MG patients cause disease without requiring complem

194 that the autoantigen drives autoimmunity in MuSK MG through the accumulation of somatic mutations su

195 We studied 12 MuSK-MG patients and recruited 14 AChR-MG patients match

196 areas with T1W high signal were increased in MuSK-MG patients and the intensity of the signal on axia

197 ) and orbicularis oculi (O.oculi) muscles in MuSK-MG patients compared with healthy controls, whereas

198 AChR-MG and MuSK-MG subjects displayed distinct gene segment usage b

199 signal on axial T1W sequences was greater in MuSK-MG than in controls.

200 The VL repertoire of MuSK-MG was specifically characterized by reduced V-J se

201 MG with MuSK antibodies (MuSK-MG) is often associated with persistent bulbar invo

202 eceptor (AChR-MG) or muscle specific kinase (MuSK-MG).

203 K; MuSK antibody positive myasthenia gravis (MuSK-MG)] make up a variable proportion of the remaining

204 sequencing of the BCR repertoire of AChR-MG, MuSK-MG, and healthy subjects to generate approximately

205 The extent of muscle wasting in MuSK-MG, and whether it is also found in the few acetylc

206 normalities were unique to either AChR-MG or MuSK-MG, indicating that the repertoires reflect the dis

207 cant muscle atrophy and fatty replacement in MuSK-MG, which was not found in the AChR-MG patients.

208 loping mammalian neuromuscular junction, but MuSK might also be protective in some neuromuscular dise

209 phosphorylates the receptor tyrosine kinase MuSK (muscle specific receptor tyrosine kinase) at the n

210 cle depends on the receptor tyrosine kinase, MuSK (muscle, skeletal receptor tyrosine-protein kinase)

211 4) to activate the receptor tyrosine kinase MuSK (muscle-specific kinase).

212 tamination levels observed for the two nitro musks (musk xylene and musk ketone) are significantly lo

213 Antibodies to muscle specific kinase [MuSK; MuSK antibody positive myasthenia gravis (MuSK-MG)

214 Biochemical analyses of MuSK mutants introduced into MuSK(-/-) myotubes demonstr

215 rm of CMS and indicate that the inability of MuSK mutants to interact with Dok-7, but not with Lrp4 o

216 The identified MUSK mutations M605I and A727V are both located in the k

217 ant of the pathogenesis of the CMS caused by MUSK mutations.

218 th more frequent respiratory crises than non-MuSK myasthenia gravis.

219 cal analyses of MuSK mutants introduced into MuSK(-/-) myotubes demonstrate that residues in this hyd

220 tin biosensor we show that in the absence of MuSK neural crest cells fail to retract non-productive l

221 yclic musk odorants or a macrocyclic diester musk odorant.

222 0 responds to macrocyclic ketone and lactone musk odorants but not to polycyclic musk odorants or a m

223 lactone musk odorants but not to polycyclic musk odorants or a macrocyclic diester musk odorant.

224 pable of activating complement when bound to MuSK on the cell surface.

225 ion of a functional complex between Lrp4 and MuSK on the surface of myotubes in the absence of the tr

226 not form in their absence, and mutations in MuSK or downstream effectors are a major cause of a grou

227 eno-associated viral vectors encoding either MuSK or rapsyn (a cytoplasmic MuSK effector protein) fus

228 In mdx mice, enhanced expression of either MuSK or rapsyn ameliorated the acute loss of muscle forc

229 Elevating the expression of MuSK or rapsyn revealed several distinct synaptic and ex

230 ine receptor (AChR), muscle-specific kinase (MuSK) or other AChR-related proteins in the postsynaptic

231 d locus, unplugged FL, encodes the zebrafish MuSK ortholog.

232 This follows MuSK partition into lipid rafts and requires its activat

233 o coordinate the cross-talk between the LRP4-MuSK pathway and integrin-focal adhesion pathway.

234 identification of a new player in the agrin-MuSK pathway, Tid1, which directly interacts with MuSK a

235 lated protein 4-muscle-specific kinase (LRP4-MuSK) pathway.

236 nvolved in GABAergic, cholinergic, and Agrin-MuSK pathways.

237 terocyclic amines, antioxidants, UV filters, musks, PBDEs and parabens.

238 Polycyclic musks (PCMs) are synthetic fragrance compounds used in p

239 aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and polycyclic musks (PCMs) were correlated with sources at a scale of

240 aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and polycyclic musks (PCMs).

241 yotubes, the initial stages of agrin-induced MuSK phosphorylation and AChR clustering are normal, but

242 caused severe impairment of agrin-dependent MuSK phosphorylation, aggregation of acetylcholine recep

243 only moderate impairment of agrin-dependent MuSK phosphorylation, aggregation of AChRs and interacti

244 motor neuron-derived ligand that stimulates MuSK phosphorylation, play critical roles in synaptic di

245 rin, which binds Lrp4 and stimulates further MuSK phosphorylation, stabilizing nascent synapses.

246 MuSK and Lrp4, and inhibit Agrin-stimulated MuSK phosphorylation.

247 We conclude that MuSK plays an important role in brain functions, includi

248 tural epitope in the first Ig-like domain of MuSK, prevent binding between MuSK and Lrp4, and inhibit

249 wever, clustering of muscle specific kinase (MuSK) proceeded normally in the gamma-null muscles.

250 pic interactions to mediate co-clustering of MuSK, rapsyn, and acetylcholine receptors at the NMJ.

251 Although agrin-MuSK-rapsyn signaling is essential for the focal innerva

252 lized by motor neurons to stimulate the LRP4-MuSK receptor in muscles for neuromuscular junction (NMJ

253 In zebrafish, the MuSK receptor initiates neuromuscular synapse formation

254 propose that Wnt-induced trafficking of the MuSK receptor to endosomes initiates a signaling cascade

255 membrane protein that is associated with the MuSK receptor tyrosine kinase.

256 Phosphorylated MuSK recruits docking protein-7 (Dok-7), an adaptor prot

257 ever, how signal is transduced from agrin to MuSK remains unclear.

258 substrate of MuSK, but also an activator of MuSK's kinase activity.

259 The homologous structure in the Asian musk shrew (Suncus murinus) is a single cluster in the l

260 species termed crowned shrew HBV (CSHBV) and musk shrew HBV (MSHBV), each containing distinct genotyp

261 xons within the vagus nerve of a mammal, the musk shrew Suncus murinus.

262 vernosus and ischiocavernosus muscles of the musk shrew.

263 Male musk shrews also have significantly larger soma areas in

264 a coreceptor of agrin that is necessary for MuSK signaling and AChR clustering and identify a potent

265 te AChR clustering by facilitating the agrin/MuSK signaling and the interaction between the receptor

266 ults provide new insight into the agrin-LRP4-MuSK signaling cascade and NMJ formation and represent a

267 ntially novel mechanism that regulates agrin/MuSK signaling cascade.

268 Its expression enables agrin binding and MuSK signaling in cells that otherwise do not respond to

269 propose that Wnt ligands activate unplugged/MuSK signaling in muscle fibers to restrict growth cone

270 ent of neuromuscular disorders linked to Wnt-MuSK signaling pathway deficiency.

271 chanism involving Hedgehog/Gli and unplugged/MuSK signaling pathways.

272 aptic differentiation are dependent on Agrin/MuSK signaling without a requirement for a secondary sig

273 biquitin ligase as an important regulator of MuSK signaling.

274 synaptic effects, suggesting novel roles for MuSK signalling in muscle physiology and pathophysiology

275 o a lesser extent for bisphenol A, synthetic musks, some pesticides, and PAHs.

276 Pathogenic muscle-specific tyrosine kinase (MuSK)-specific IgG4 autoantibodies in autoimmune myasthe

277 ral lines of evidence suggest that agrin and MuSK stimulate synapse-specific transcription indirectly

278 Lrp4 can bind and stimulate MuSK, strongly suggesting that association between Lrp4

279 that biglycan is an extracellular ligand for MuSK that is important for synapse stability.

280 of muscle-specific receptor tyrosine kinase (MuSK), the key organizer of postsynaptic development at

281 ndent of the muscle-specific tyrosine kinase MuSK, the known binding partner of Dok-7 at the NMJ.

282 rine pesticides, PBDE-10, PBDE-28, PBDE-116, musk tibetene, and pentachloronitrobenzene.

283 Like MuSK, Tid1 colocalizes with AChRs at developing, adult,

284 osin Receptor Kinase (TrKA), is required for MuSK to bind Lrp4.

285 synaptic acetyl-choline receptor (nAChR) and MUSK transcription whereas forced expression of HDAC4 mi

286 Using inducible unplugged/MuSK transgenes, we show that organization of the centra

287 show that in vivo, wnt11r and wnt4a initiate MuSK translocation from muscle membranes to recycling en

288 nockdown of several core components disrupts MuSK translocation to endosomes, AChR localization and a

289 ells attenuates agrin binding, agrin-induced MuSK tyrosine phosphorylation, and AChR clustering.

290 Affinity of the UCA Fabs for MuSK was 100-fold lower than the subnanomolar affinity o

291 e level of agrin and muscle-specific kinase (MuSK) was assessed at denervated endplates.

292 Agrin and MuSK were preserved in endplates from denervated MMP3 nu

293 suggest that Lrp4 is a cis-acting ligand for MuSK, whereas Agrin functions as an allosteric and parac

294 ential for activation of the receptor kinase MuSK, which governs NMJ formation, and DOK7 mutations un

295 demonstrate that the first Ig-like domain in MuSK, which shares homology with the NGF-binding region

296 choline receptors (AChRs) and interaction of MuSK with Dok-7, an essential intracellular binding prot

297 ion, aggregation of AChRs and interaction of MuSK with Dok-7.

298 NSF interacts directly with MuSK with nanomolar affinity, and treatment of muscle ce

299 ion levels observed for the two nitro musks (musk xylene and musk ketone) are significantly lower ran

300 quantified using one of the test chemicals, musk xylene, as a benchmark.