ライフサイエンスコーパス: natural host

1 o in both suckling mice and pigs (one of its natural hosts).

2 esponse that developed during infection of a natural host.

3 itness, virulence, and transmissibility in a natural host.

4 ntly less able to cause acute disease in the natural host.

5 iral and host determinants of virulence in a natural host.

6 er SIVrcm Nef can antagonize tetherin of its natural host.

7 virulence for this Mycoplasma species in its natural host.

8 of viruses is ideally studied in vivo in the natural host.

9 ew functions involved in colonization of its natural host.

10 erty, which is critical for infection of the natural host.

11 the critical role CHPK orthologs play in the natural host.

12 1 is a virulence determinant for ORFV in the natural host.

13 2 is nonessential for virus virulence in the natural host.

14 viruses and their disease potential in their natural host.

15 is not essential for virus virulence in the natural host.

16 r understanding H. pylori persistence in its natural host.

17 of the lethal neurovirulent phenotype in the natural host.

18 n by mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) in its natural host.

19 ect important target cell populations of its natural host.

20 udy the pathogenesis of an adenovirus in its natural host.

21 me of a pathogenic bacteria recovered from a natural host.

22 multiple infection is greatly reduced in the natural host.

23 f CpMV1 at a level comparable to that in the natural host.

24 he in vivo propagation of AS isolates in the natural host.

25 volved from low to high conformations in the natural host.

26 or described, linkingS. suisto pigs as their natural host.

27 nd immunity of this novel hepacivirus in its natural host.

28 irect the virus to different cell targets in natural hosts.

29 eptor CCR5 on CD4(+) T cells of SM and other natural hosts.

30 lly known to cause obvious symptoms in their natural hosts.

31 tible species, but is absent in SIV-infected natural hosts.

32 d bird species, which are believed to act as natural hosts.

33 eumophila has co-evolved with amoebae, their natural hosts.

34 chronic immune activation observed in these natural hosts.

35 ed to the restriction of SIV pathogenesis in natural hosts.

36 iversity, virulence, and transmissibility in natural hosts.

37 nfection pattern similar to SIV infection in natural hosts.

38 in the immune response against Y. pestis in natural hosts.

39 appear to contribute to viral containment in natural hosts.

40 ed immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in their natural hosts.

41 on during acute and chronic SIV infection in natural hosts.

42 s precious little known about AAV biology in natural hosts.

43 outcomes in SIV infection of natural vs non-natural hosts.

44 del to study hepacivirus infections in their natural hosts.

45 host range susceptibility, and virulence in natural hosts.

46 ity of primate lentiviruses to spread within natural hosts.

47 fect in the growth of Legionella in both its natural hosts (amoebae) and in mouse macrophages(4,5).

48 influenza A viruses in mammals but are not a natural host and have distinct sialic acid receptor prof

49 ogical activity of cyhv3Il10 on cells of its natural host and indicates that cyhv3Il10 is a true vira

50 ChHV5 replication in cells derived from its natural host and may be crucial not only to better under

51 ticum and LPAIV during copathogenesis in the natural host and may contribute to further understanding

52 tial invertebrate hosts, including one known natural host and other potential hosts collected from th

53 s virus (MHV), causes acute hepatitis in its natural host and provides a useful model for understandi

54 es the role of ICP27 during infection in the natural host and provides important information for the

55 class I diversity in wild mallard ducks, the natural host and reservoir of influenza A viruses.

56 ical material, their interference with their natural host and their potential manipulation for employ

57 were developed to study sheep scrapie in the natural host and to investigate potential cofactors in t

58 medical importance and across humans, other natural hosts and laboratory animals.

59 onses against pathogenic poxviruses in their natural hosts and provide further support for the use of

60 Overall, Escherichia coli survival in natural hosts and reservoirs is expected to rely on the

61 y symbiotic relationship between HBV and its natural host, and highlight the plasticity of the fetal

62 tor that subverts encystation of the amoebae natural host, and the paradoxical hMDMs' pro-inflammator

63 and EV are important for OPV pathogenesis in natural hosts, and whether a system based on F13L orthol

64 We have established the pig, a large natural host animal for influenza, with many physiologic

65 ned studying FHA using B. bronchiseptica and natural-host animal models should apply to B. pertussis

66 in pathogenesis using B. bronchiseptica and natural-host animal models.

67 Thus, adaptive immune responses in natural hosts appear to be less critical for viral conta

68 Thus, the limited SIV MTIT in natural hosts appears to be due to low target cell avail

69 patterns of humoral immune responses in the natural host are therefore more similar to those observe

70 These data provide insights into how natural hosts are able to maintain high levels of plasma

71 ere we show that (i) acute SIV infections of natural hosts are associated with a rapid and robust typ

72 m the broad antibody response generated in a natural host, as is a completely divergent pseudogene se

73 Identifying how natural hosts avoid immunodeficiency can elucidate key m

74 rogram during pathogenesis compared with the natural host barley despite ~200 million years of reprod

75 growth in the respiratory tract of mice, its natural host, but did increase activation of the inflamm

76 ntrol of viral replication and spread in the natural host, but the specific contributions of MDA5 sig

77 ntral nervous system is surprisingly rare in natural hosts, but can be fatal.

78 STAT1 are required to sustain virulence in a natural host by controlling the inflammatory response ag

79 ruses tend to cause limited disease in their natural hosts, CAdV A is unusual in that it may cause hi

80 inst an orthopoxvirus (OPV) infection in its natural host can develop in the absence of CD4(+) T cell

81 Stat3 pathway modulating immune cells of its natural host, carp.

82 evidence of an encephalitic DNA virus in its natural host causing increased MMP activity in brains.

83 are relevant to pathogenesis were tested in natural host cell cultures, a model of the human airway

84 in limiting archetype BKPyV replication in a natural host cell model of infection.

85 d the mechanisms by which HCV spreads in its natural host cell population.

86 Infections of human keratinocytes, a natural host cell type for HPVs, were assessed visually

87 the high-risk HPV type 31 (HPV31) enters its natural host cell type via caveola-dependent endocytosis

88 P27 in the interaction of M. bovis with its natural host cell, the bovine macrophage.

89 re as a negative control) and macrophages (a natural host cell, used here as a positive control).

90 l proximal tubule epithelial (RPTE) cells, a natural host cell.

91 al tubule epithelial (RPTE) cells, which are natural host cells for BKV.

92 f mammalian viruses to suppress silencing in natural host cells have remained controversial.

93 ches to identify human dermal fibroblasts as natural host cells that support productive MCPyV infecti

94 ere evaluated for their pathogenicity in the natural host, chickens.

95 icantly fewer severe tracheal lesions in the natural host compared to virulent M. gallisepticum R(low

96 on within the lymph node germinal centers of natural hosts contributing to sustained immune competenc

97 s of Antimicrobial Peptides (SMAMPs) imitate natural host-defense peptides, a vital component of the

98 ensis infection of tick-derived cells from a natural host, Dermacentor variabilis.

99 w that plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) of natural hosts display reduced CD4 and/or CCR5 expression

100 Unlike AIDS-susceptible rhesus macaques, natural hosts do not progress to AIDS and resolve immune

101 a critical factor in viral virulence in the natural host, domestic swine.

102 (SIVs) are generally nonpathogenic in their natural hosts, dramatic increases in pathogenicity may o

103 trypanosome swimming behaviour in vivo in a natural host environment.

104 ce of differential regulation of porins in a natural host environment.

105 Despite this, natural hosts experience a level of viremia similar to h

106 SM and other natural hosts express very low levels of CCR5 on CD4(+)

107 e aggressive leukaemias and lymphomas in non-natural hosts, expresses seven small nuclear uracil-rich

108 Rodents are a natural host for asexually replicating forms, whereas ca

109 not affect disease progression in swine, the natural host for ASFV.

110 Mice are not a natural host for influenza virus but are frequently used

111 n of herpesviruses are best studied in their natural host for maximal biological relevance.

112 5 commonly infects dogs, dogs may not be the natural host for PIV5.

113 CD4(+) TCM cells of sooty mangabeys (SMs), a natural host for SIV in which infection is nonpathogenic

114 nulin (BgGRN)] from the snail B. glabrata, a natural host for the human blood fluke Schistosoma manso

115 , we treated SIV-infected sooty mangabeys, a natural host for the infection, with a potent antiretrov

116 simian arteriviruses and define baboons as a natural host for these viruses.

117 As a major natural host for Toxoplasma gondii, the mouse is widely

118 The mouse is a natural host for Trichinella spiralis, a worm that estab

119 proach was scaled up to nonhuman primates, a natural host for wild-type AAV.

120 otective in studies of horses, an incidental natural host for WNV.

121 Baboons (Papio anubis) are natural hosts for Entamoeba histolytica; naturally infec

122 ally in lymphocytes and monocytic cells, the natural hosts for HIV-1 infection.

123 While the natural hosts for IAV are among waterfowl species, certa

124 any species of African nonhuman primates are natural hosts for individual strains of simian immunodef

125 Although the natural hosts for L. pneumophila are free-living protozo

126 The importance of bats as natural hosts for several important viral zoonoses, incl

127 Natural hosts for simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) ca

128 mechanisms underlying the AIDS resistance of natural hosts for simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) re

129 Nonhuman primate natural hosts for simian immunodeficiency viruses (SIV)

130 comparative studies between non-natural and natural hosts for SIV, in which SIV infection results in

131 Taxis, being numerous in cities, are natural hosts for the sensors.

132 iated glycogenolysis in amoebae deprives the natural host from the main building blocks for synthesis

133 tagonize human BST-2 as well as BST-2 of its natural host, greater spot-nosed monkey (GSN).

134 mon characteristics with other synthetic and natural host-guest and molecular recognition processes i

135 nvolves a variety of strains of EEHV1, whose natural host has been unclear.

136 ogical activity of cyhv3Il10 on cells of its natural host have not been performed.

137 It is known that despite high viral loads, natural hosts have a low frequency of CD4(+) cells expre

138 These studies indicate that natural hosts have developed mechanisms in addition to c

139 ceptor-blinded viruses inoculated into their natural hosts have provided insights into tropism, ident

140 Natural hosts have very low levels of the SIV entry core

141 es cellular damage, and persists in its only natural host (humans) are unique and are not fully under

142 nt for heme, which it acquires from its only natural host, humans.

143 ariants were expressed during infection of a natural host, (ii) the structural variation observed in

144 for replication and disease induction in its natural host.IMPORTANCE Marek's disease (MD) is a devast

145 ssociation of MP-derived tubules and PD in a natural host, improving our fundamental understanding of

146 ek's disease while also providing a reliable natural host in order to study herpesvirus replication a

147 h the pathogenic SIV infection, while in the natural hosts, in which SIV is nonpathogenic, B cells ra

148 our data suggest a unifying model whereby in natural hosts, in which the CCR5 expression level is low

149 ess of A. pleuropneumoniae was assessed in a natural host infection model.

150 An efficient natural host infection system has revealed complex commu

151 evolution of virus and host effectors in the natural host, influenza virus evasion of IFITM3 restrict

152 ure, which are representative of foreign and natural host initial target cells of B virus.

153 e results have important implications in the natural hosts, interspecies transmission, animal models,

154 mmunodeficiency virus (SIV) infection in its natural host is characterized by a lack of increased imm

155 3A in virus growth and virulence within the natural host is not well understood.

156 ent for Argentine hemorrhagic fever, and its natural host is the New World rodent Calomys musculinus.

157 infection dynamics at the target tissues of natural hosts is central to understanding the mechanisms

158 an immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infection of natural hosts is characterized by nonpathogenic chronic

159 erstanding how these viruses evolve in their natural hosts is key to effective control strategies.

160 infection in African nonhuman primate (NHP) natural hosts is usually nonpathogenic, despite high lev

161 H7N9) influenza virus infection of chickens (natural hosts) is asymptomatic and that it generates a h

162 ne cells is important for nonpathogenesis of natural hosts, it is possibly not due to its role as a c

163 While it is still unknown how natural hosts like AGM can cope with this lentivirus inf

164 These observations demonstrate that natural hosts like SIV-infected vervet AGM develop SIV-s

165 with that of the parental wild-type MV in a natural host, Macaca mulatta.

166 These natural hosts maintain high SIV viral loads, but avoid i

167 lity that CXCR6-directed tropism in CCR5-low natural hosts may alter CD4(+) T cell subset targeting c

168 ed in HIV-infected subjects, suggesting that natural hosts may be more appropriate for modeling the i

169 ic stimulation of pDCs by SIV and HIV in non-natural hosts may drive the unrelenting immune system ac

170 n in contributing to the mechanisms ensuring natural host-microorganism communication is in need of f

171 ocular herpes in a physiologically relevant natural host model.

172 emphasizes the value of our model as a virus-natural-host model to study ocular herpesvirus infection

173 d, in part due to the lack of adequate virus-natural-host models in which to study the cellular and v

174 hat the RVT protein purified from one of its natural hosts, Neurospora crassa, exists in a multimeric

175 Despite ~90% amino acid identity, the natural host of alpha3 is Escherichia coli C, whereas ST

176 Ducks are the natural host of avian influenza A viruses and display fe

177 es, and when we infected domestic swine, the natural host of CSFV host, we observed that the virus wa

178 d in some stage of chronic infections in the natural host of horses, or the QS genes may be remnants

179 Wild aquatic birds are the natural host of IAV.

180 The natural host of influenza A viruses (IAVs) are aquatic b

181 TMs are involved in protection in ducks, the natural host of influenza virus.

182 The natural host of MDV, the chicken, is small, inexpensive,

183 Drosophila melanogaster is a natural host of parasitic wasps of the genus Leptopilina

184 ssibility that dogs (or pigs) may not be the natural host of PIV5.

185 esponse during in vivo infection in RMs, the natural host of RRV.

186 reen monkeys (AGMs; genus Chlorocebus) are a natural host of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIVAGM).

187 African green monkeys (AGMs) are a natural host of SIV that do not develop simian AIDS.

188 ile serology-based approach to determine the natural host of the only known nonprimate hepacivirus (N

189 simian arteriviruses, identify baboons as a natural host of these viruses, and provide further evide

190 and Charadriiformes are considered to be the natural hosts of Avian Influenza (AI), and are presumed

191 erent serotypes in sheep and cattle, the two natural hosts of BTV.

192 The natural hosts of hantaviruses include rodents, shrews, m

193 type 1 (HIV-1) infections, but they are not natural hosts of HIV-1 or any simian immunodeficiency vi

194 (Anas platyrhynchos) is one of the principal natural hosts of influenza A viruses.

195 Natural hosts of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) avo

196 ty in most nonhuman primate species that are natural hosts of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) inf

197 M) and sooty mangabeys (SM) are well-studied natural hosts of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) tha

198 African green monkeys (AGM) are natural hosts of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV), an

199 African green monkeys (AGMs) are natural hosts of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIVAGM).

200 Natural hosts of SIV do not progress to AIDS, in stark c

201 Natural hosts of SIV express very low levels of the cano

202 and absence of lymph node immunopathology in natural hosts of SIV infection.

203 rties of milk of SIV-infected and uninfected natural hosts of SIV, African green monkeys (AGMs), to t

204 African green monkeys (AGM) are natural hosts of SIV, and infection in these animals gen

205 These natural hosts of SIV, like sooty mangabeys, maintain hig

206 Natural hosts of SIV, such as sooty mangabeys, sustain h

207 he rarity of postnatal virus transmission in natural hosts of SIV.

208 monkeys share immunophenotypic features with natural hosts of SIV; that is, low levels of CD4+ T cell

209 t the ADO pathway may be involved in sparing natural hosts of SIVs from developing SIV-related gut dy

210 t preventing cross-species transmission from natural hosts of SIVs to humans in areas of endemicity.

211 lack of SIV transmission to the offspring in natural hosts of SIVs.

212 n the lack of breast-feeding transmission in natural hosts of SIVs.

213 could reflect the possibility that boas are natural hosts of these viruses in the wild.

214 ruses in foreign and sometimes even in their natural hosts often stems from the action of potent host

215 ong-lasting bacteremia in reservoir-adapted (natural host or passive carrier of a microorganism) and

216 conditions, which had been reared either on natural hosts or artificial larval diet, for every singl

217 e transfer and usage of amino acids from the natural host organism Acanthamoeba castellanii to Legion

218 acilitates investigation of noroviruses in a natural host organism and the identification of viral an

219 thogen effector proteins in experimental and natural host organisms.

220 Analysis of natural host-parasite relationships reveals the evolutio

221 Using the natural host-parasite system Daphnia magna-Pasteuria ram

222 However, knowledge obtained from natural host-parasitoid systems on such trade-offs is st

223 romelia virus {ECTV}]) despite the lack of a natural host-pathogen relationship with either of these

224 the natural host sooty mangabey and the non-natural host pig-tailed macaque.

225 nce in the mouse model; however, its role in natural hosts-pigs, humans, or birds-remains largely unk

226 Using reciprocal transplants onto natural host plants across the UK range, we demonstrate

227 ance: An understanding of viral evolution in natural host populations is a fundamental goal of virolo

228 ogens to influence evolutionary processes in natural host populations.

229 ns achieved aggregation levels comparable to natural host populations.

230 nance of genetic variation for resistance in natural host populations.

231 MAV-1 produces viral encephalitis in its natural host, providing a good model for studying factor

232 odel with which to study determinants of the natural host range of this virus.

233 Their natural host ranges are limited to individuals within th

234 V-B), both viruses with largely undetermined natural host ranges.

235 amics, and determinants of WNV spread in its natural hosts remain uncertain.

236 (SIVs), are virtually nonpathogenic in their natural hosts remains a fundamental mystery of modern me

237 es (RMs) but not in sooty mangabeys (SMs), a natural host, remains unclear.

238 The natural host reservoir for NiV is Pteropus bats, which a

239 ate for identifying biological correlates of natural host resistance to HIV-1 infection.

240 genetics to search for mechanisms underlying natural host resistance to infection and identified trig

241 These data suggest that metformin promotes natural host resistance to Mtb infection by maintaining

242 varied routes of transmission from its major natural hosts, ruminant farm animals; and other aspects

243 Using mice that are natural host's of Bordetella bronchiseptica, we determin

244 ion because simian immunodeficiency virus in natural hosts seldom causes disease.

245 hich ocular herpes can be studied in a virus-natural-host setting and (ii) it reduces the number of e

246 evels of Nab might be an inherent feature of natural-host SIV infections.

247 despite being generally nonpathogenic in its natural host, SIV infection selects for Vif-resistant fo

248 ph nodes during primary SIV infection of the natural host sooty mangabey and the non-natural host pig

249 Natural host sooty mangabeys (SM) infected with simian i

250 es characterized by progression to AIDS, and natural host sooty mangabeys (SMs), a species which rema

251 Natural-host sooty mangabeys (SM) infected with simian i

252 A virus, soybean mosaic virus (SMV), and its natural host, soybean.

253 ime suggests that LBV is well adapted to its natural host species and that populations of reservoir h

254 ent of SIV-infected African green monkeys, a natural host species for SIV that does not manifest GI t

255 bsence of SIV-induced disease progression in natural host species may be partially explained by prese

256 SIV infection of natural host species such as sooty mangabeys results in

257 rus (SIV), for which it is the most abundant natural host species, and of a wide range of health-rela

258 African green monkeys, one natural host species, avoid simian AIDS by creating a po

259 suggest a new paradigm for SIV infection of natural host species, whereby a shared outcome of virus-

260 ay be a common feature of SIV replication in natural host species, with the potential to contribute t

261 ues is not sufficient to induce AIDS in this natural host species.

262 ostnatal transmission rates observed in this natural host species.

263 an immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infection of natural-host species, such as sooty mangabeys (SMs), is

264 n maintaining nonpathogenic SIV infection in natural hosts such as sooty mangabeys (SM) remains to be

265 In addition, SIV-infected African natural hosts such as the sooty mangabeys (SM) are resis

266 Natural hosts, such as African green monkeys (AGM) and s

267 mmunodeficiency virus (SIV) infection in its natural hosts, such as African green monkeys (AGM) and s

268 ar to that of symptomatic hosts than that of natural hosts, supporting a general deleterious effect o

269 e stability/incubation time correlation in a natural host system.

270 livestock, which is applicable to a range of natural host systems, including strains of bovine spongi

271 on SM CD4(+) subsets may delineate distinct natural host target cell populations capable of supporti

272 pA) direct repeat 2 Fic domain (DR2/Fic) for natural host target cells.

273 ating antiviral potency in cells relevant to natural host target tissue.

274 tive parasite biological states occur in the natural host that are not observed with in vitro cultiva

275 erfect example of virus dissemination by its natural host that may have dramatic public health conseq

276 ecause of the few animal models available as natural hosts that are compatible with such studies.

277 ition, we summarize the lessons learned from natural hosts that know how to 'show AIDS the door', and

278 he nonprogressive nature of SIV infection in natural hosts that underlie maintained high levels of pl

279 C. jejuni during in vivo colonization of its natural host, the chicken.

280 respiratory tract both in humans and in its natural host, the dromedary camel.

281 In its natural host, the fruit compensates for the impaired mat

282 hese features with those observed in another natural host, the mandrill (MND), we conducted a cross-s

283 induces robust type I IFN production in its natural host, the mouse.

284 quite different from that in the original or natural host, the pathogen may not be suspected based on

285 n the establishment of latency by PrV in its natural host, the pig.

286 ission and serial passage of SIVsab from its natural host, the sabaeus African green monkey (AGM), to

287 oup II introns are active in bacteria, their natural hosts, they function inefficiently in eukaryotes

288 pact on the major immune cell populations in natural hosts, thus confirming the nonpathogenic nature

289 lls and limit infection of critical cells in natural hosts, thus contributing to benign outcome of in

290 ould be evaluated using clinical isolates in natural host tissue rather than lab strains of virus in

291 lection when MERS-CoV transmitted from their natural host to human; 3) Six out of nine positive selec

292 Elucidating the mechanisms that allow natural hosts to coexist with SIV without overt disease

293 DC3000, was reported to infect not only its natural host tomato but also Arabidopsis in the laborato

294 In a natural host, Trichoplusia ni, infection by the model ba

295 been postulated, it has not been tested in a natural host until recently.

296 Overall, in a natural host, we have demonstrated a link between the in

297 estigate early control of SIV replication in natural hosts, we performed a detailed characterization

298 portance of these findings translated to the natural host, where the AddAB system was found to be req

299 cient evolutionary history of their putative natural hosts, which began diversifying tens of millions

300 hether coevolution between viruses and their natural host would result in the evasion of IFITM restri