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1 significant improvement in the inference of natural selection.
2 populations due to genetic drift rather than natural selection.
3 Population structure affects the outcome of natural selection.
4 these have all been framed in the context of natural selection.
5 l dynamics within the host that is driven by natural selection.
6 data for the detection and quantification of natural selection.
7 in wild-caught rats due to the pressures of natural selection.
8 he landscapes have been shaped by widespread natural selection.
9 onary processes of quantitative traits under natural selection.
10 ucture and to identify gene candidates under natural selection.
11 ng can adapt during evolution in response to natural selection.
12 n as a perplexing challenge to his theory of natural selection.
13 would be more important than optimization by natural selection.
14 oses a reservoir of variable polypeptides to natural selection.
15 e the response of multivariate phenotypes to natural selection.
16 their genomes and therapeutic properties to natural selection.
17 eby illuminating the process of evolution by natural selection.
18 es reproductive isolation as a by-product of natural selection.
19 ity, population connectivity, and signals of natural selection.
20 most complex adaptations to have arisen via natural selection.
21 ariety of life history strategies, shaped by natural selection.
22 tic enzymes, regulators, and transporters by natural selection.
23 that 181 genes have been subject to positive natural selection.
24 tion loss and gain events, and the action of natural selection.
25 nd predator perceptual ranges are subject to natural selection.
26 nd 8% of nucleotide sites are constrained by natural selection.
27 fitness and must have been subject to strong natural selection.
28 ly if no other evolutionary forces challenge natural selection.
29 ene providing a function that is targeted by natural selection.
30 l to the evolution of genomes in response to natural selection.
31 s to their local environments as a result of natural selection.
32 rnerstone of Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection.
33 invoked as classic exemplars of evolution by natural selection.
34 acellular domains need to be evolved through natural selection.
35 notypic variations that subject the cells to natural selection.
36 cture, which in turn determines responses to natural selection.
37 at cause poor understanding of deterministic natural selection.
38 ve population size limits efficient purge by natural selection.
39 compatible with the short-sighted concept of natural selection.
40 s are relatively unaffected by the filter of natural selection.
41 n shaped by subtle combinations of human and natural selection.
42 rate, population size, and the intensity of natural selection.
43 d hypothesis testing on the recent action of natural selection.
44 hat seems to be excluded by the principle of natural selection.
45 f they do, they may be overcome by long-term natural selection.
46 biological process, shaped simultaneously by natural selection.
47 mportance of resolving linkage in studies of natural selection.
48 , whose genomes present no strong signals of natural selection.
49 -interactions are fine-tuned collectively by natural selection.
50 fer promising new directions in the study of natural selection.
51 which is necessary for traits to evolve via natural selection.
52 by a super-efficient maintenance enzyme plus natural selection.
53 o this retaliatory strategy being favored by natural selection.
54 s to find regions showing evidence of recent natural selection.
55 iated noise trends implicating the action of natural selection.
56 egulatory networks that are then filtered by natural selection.
57 s, provides strong evidence of adaptation by natural selection.
58 that this difference may have been driven by natural selection.
59 edator defense, and is a textbook example of natural selection.
60 to their producer, providing a mechanism for natural selection.
61 nd subsequently accumulate changes molded by natural selection.
62 al models of evolution assume the absence of natural selection.
63 d hypothesis testing on the recent action of natural selection.
64 across species, and has it been a target of natural selection?
65 ionally, we identified 20 candidate loci for natural selection, 14 of which harbored robust associati
66 ognition has been hypothesized to evolve via natural selection [2, 6-8], but there has been no direct
67 ed with multiple traits, indicating parallel natural selection across a gradient of biotic environmen
69 on and machine learning can help explain how natural selection across fluctuating environments produc
72 risks and grew faster in the wild and (b) if natural selection acted against more explorative, faster
76 isms of regulatory variation, as well as the natural selection acting on this variation that drives a
77 n the same environments provided evidence of natural selection acting to prevent the plastic response
79 effects of hybridisation, recombination, and natural selection, acting at multitudes of loci over lon
82 eeding females as the individuals upon which natural selection acts to repopulate ecosystems with off
83 in behavior are the raw material upon which natural selection acts, but despite increasing recogniti
85 operates in the postreproductive period, so natural selection against such abnormal activity may be
86 amics follow Fisher's Fundamental Theorem of Natural Selection and a corollary, permitting retrospect
88 pulation sizes, imply considerable scope for natural selection and adaptive capacity, which has major
89 genic trait that should respond well to both natural selection and breeding, which could be accelerat
90 nteractions are potent, widespread causes of natural selection and divergent phenotypic evolution and
91 more diverse because both the efficiency of natural selection and DNA sequence diversity are expecte
93 pate directly in the process of evolution by natural selection and drives the evolution of cell-level
94 ism interactions in the context of Darwinian natural selection and evolution, and that the underlying
97 nd highlight an important connection between natural selection and learning in the resolution of soci
98 wly arisen variants that have yet to undergo natural selection and may represent highly pathogenic va
100 iversification, the mechanistic link between natural selection and reproductive isolation remains poo
101 an be used to directly measure the action of natural selection and reveal important features of conte
102 is of traits can facilitate field studies of natural selection and sexual selection, making it possib
103 trates links between ecological opportunity, natural selection and the generation of biodiversity.
104 owing genetic differentiation resulting from natural selection and the low background noise resulting
105 associations between traits under divergent natural selection and traits that contribute to assortat
106 provides the genetic diversity required for natural selection, and enables the extensive phenotypic
107 genetics is to understand how genetic drift, natural selection, and gene flow shape allele frequencie
108 t evolutionary mechanisms, such as mutation, natural selection, and genetic drift, and also the inter
109 ion probability is a fundamental quantity of natural selection, and known to depend on the population
111 xing groups, identification of signatures of natural selection, and may aid disease gene mapping.
113 n actor are typically strongly disfavored by natural selection, and yet many bacteria undergo cell ly
114 y patterns are consistent with the action of natural selection are highly connected in both gene regu
118 The most plausible mutations under putative natural selection are those which have emerged repeatedl
119 adaptive genomic regions, show signatures of natural selection around their transcription start sites
120 through an evolutionary lens, including how natural selection, artificial selection, and gene flow s
121 stinguishing which traits have evolved under natural selection, as opposed to neutral evolution, is a
122 iving in harsh environments and suggest that natural selection associated with local environmental co
123 Bayesian statistical framework for inferring natural selection at a pair of linked loci by capitalisi
124 e findings contextualize previous reports of natural selection at EGLN1 in Andeans, and support the h
125 These patterns and trends are driven by natural selection at the level of individuals and cohere
126 ment provides an opportunity for us to study natural selection based on time serial samples of genome
127 onduit widening is an adaptation, favored by natural selection because widening helps minimize the in
128 ticity persist across multiple environments, natural selection between genetic lineages could select
129 are ubiquitous in nature, influence not only natural selection, but also the amount and type of mutat
130 ess of whether we decrease the efficiency of natural selection by increasing the rate of environmenta
131 heir calls, which is under strong sexual and natural selection by signal receivers, as an adaptive re
132 rm through learning within a generation, and natural selection can change behaviour over the longer t
135 sticity-first hypothesis [2-4] proposes that natural selection can improve upon an ancestrally plasti
139 ent-adapted structures and materials through natural selection, can serve as guides to solve the limi
142 We also present evidence that the targets of natural selection change over time, as epistasis and his
144 tected genome-wide significant signatures of natural selection consistent with a rapid increase of th
145 earch we describe highlights routes by which natural selection could coopt similar cognitive raw mate
146 l form, and changes in ontogeny, rather than natural selection, could then explain the diversity of b
147 se results demonstrate that amplification of natural selection depends on the specific mechanisms of
149 llular modules may not be fully optimized by natural selection despite the availability of adaptive m
150 Local adaptation is the process by which natural selection drives adaptive phenotypic divergence
155 se early-emerging social skills evolved when natural selection favored increased in-group prosocialit
159 y time is usually explained as the result of natural selection for functional properties that depend
161 pool, but have been systematically purged by natural selection from genes and other functionally impo
164 tprint or antigenic regions, suggesting that natural selection has channeled much of CPV evolution.
165 er genetic control and we show that positive natural selection has helped to shape population differe
166 in Andeans, and support the hypothesis that natural selection has increased the frequency of an EGLN
167 be involved, it remains largely unclear how natural selection has shaped the evolution of these indu
169 rities between this process and evolution by natural selection have led many groups to use phylogenet
171 on's rule asserts that a trait is favored by natural selection if the benefit to others, [Formula: se
173 ce of NPC1 mutations and their signatures of natural selection in 122,678 exome sequenced participant
174 est for the presence of linear and nonlinear natural selection in a contemporary population of the Un
176 e environments worldwide, genomic studies of natural selection in Indigenous populations in the Ameri
177 pic shifts, the additional role of divergent natural selection in novel environments can be revealed
178 the relative roles of neutral demography and natural selection in promoting massive introgression are
182 rate climates and those that were targets of natural selection in temperate-adapted T. dactyloides.
183 raphic history allowed for cases of positive natural selection in the high and arid Andes vs. the low
184 This appears to happen through a process of natural selection in which tetraploid cells that inherit
186 ance of this variation, which is targeted by natural selection, in adapting plastic responses to maxi
187 such as Neanderthals, and the ways in which natural selection, in its various guises, has shaped gen
189 ns for many generations, therefore rendering natural selection ineffective and allowing new mutations
190 r sexual selection) and diet (as a proxy for natural selection) influenced the evolution of SSD in te
191 ge(1) do not typically take into account how natural selection influences populations differently dep
193 The rate at which a species responds to natural selection is a central predictor of the species'
194 ucture, gene flow, and most importantly, how natural selection is affecting the adaptive process.
195 of speciation by sexual selection, divergent natural selection is also required; the latter acts to g
206 s are only the first step to discern whether natural selection is responsible and capable of effectin
210 ary ecology are built on the assumption that natural selection leads to organisms that behave as if t
212 ut realized gene flow is low, adaptation via natural selection may be a particularly important force
213 Recent genome-wide studies suggest that natural selection may be frequent during rapid evolution
216 ring wheat polyploidization, suggesting that natural selection might favor reduced investment in resi
219 e(4), we forecast an increase in directional natural selection moving northwards from the southern en
224 A significant portion of this climate-driven natural selection of variants was predictable from signa
225 ed by broad host range fungi likely increase natural selection on codon optimization in these species
226 earning in neural networks and the action of natural selection on environmentally sensitive gene regu
229 energy allocation evolved in response to the natural selection on migration route and physiological t
230 to selective interference-the inefficacy of natural selection on non-recombining genomic regions.
231 e the strength, variability, or direction of natural selection on phenotypic traits, potentially driv
233 n together, our results provide evidence for natural selection on spatial cognition in a food-caching
235 coding sequences, the impact of mutation and natural selection on the sequence and function of non-co
236 pared genetic architecture and the effect of natural selection on these blood phenotypes between popu
241 individuals, we uncover clear evidence that natural selection optimizes codon content in the human g
242 can be explained by the sustained action of natural selection or by a high mutational variance, that
243 elease is unlikely to have been minimized by natural selection or crop breeding, and cutting this lar
245 various traits, sometimes greater even than natural selection or other human activities.(3)(,)(4) Na
246 lution represents an optimal state driven by natural selection or the contingent product of historica
247 ize a view of clonal evolution that stresses natural selection over deterministic ontogeny, and we st
249 n is a protracted process, that unconscious (natural) selection plays a prominent role, that interspe
250 es as a by-product of inefficient short-term natural selection: populations that rapidly evolve their
255 ps, and hurricanes can be powerful agents of natural selection, producing acute selective pressures v
257 these cells have evolved and diversified via natural selection promoting serine protease gene duplica
258 ave profound effects on their hosts, driving natural selection, promoting speciation and determining
261 ssumed to reflect the strength of historical natural selection resulting in adaptation [7-14], this l
265 ns shed light on the complex manner in which natural selection shapes genome sequences during speciat
268 gain would increase our understanding on how natural selection shapes the genetic composition of fore
270 in, where 63% of lines were killed and where natural selection substantially changed the frequency of
271 approach allows more powerful inferences of natural selection than has previously been possible.
272 record, we detect an evolutionary signal of natural selection that acted to increase flight efficien
274 of evolution, climate change is an agent of natural selection that forces populations to change and
275 ile this might seem to be merely a return to natural selection, the ability to target evolution great
276 hip between our measure of the efficiency of natural selection, the nonsynonymous relative to the syn
277 Furthermore, COM1 is subject to purifying natural selection, thereby contributing to specification
278 hat HIV in the United States is experiencing natural selection to be more infectious and virulent.
280 ere, we used Fisher's Fundamental Theorem of Natural Selection to evaluate the adaptive potential of
281 n vortex: (a) if sexual selection reinforces natural selection to fix 'good genes' and purge 'bad gen
285 s the 'disposable soma' theory, propose that natural selection trades late survival for early fecundi
287 sly published sequences to study the role of natural selection under different environmental pressure
288 ethods to identify the genomic signatures of natural selection underlying these adaptations, combined
289 li, Mendel proposed a Darwinian scenario for natural selection using the same German term for "strugg
291 een interacting species results in recurrent natural selection via constant cycles of adaptation and
293 dom by genetic drift, even in the absence of natural selection, was a seminal advance in evolutionary
294 cy of environmental cues and the strength of natural selection, we find different adaptation strategi
295 uctuations in the intensity and direction of natural selection, we have little information about the
296 of past transposition increase signatures by natural selection, we performed a laboratory evolution e
298 an integrated approach of Darwin's theory of natural selection with bacterial genetic engineering to
299 In particular, methods to infer the role of natural selection within established human tumors are la