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1 ormal chromosome segregation during meiosis (nondisjunction).
2 MI spindle and separate randomly, leading to nondisjunction.
3 ting how oocyte aging contributes to meiotic nondisjunction.
4 ssociated with maternally derived chromosome nondisjunction.
5 maternal or paternal age on the frequency of nondisjunction.
6  providing a good model for studying meiotic nondisjunction.
7 uch as that predicted to result from mitotic nondisjunction.
8 pindle attachment, and results in chromosome nondisjunction.
9 t a significant contributor to human meiotic nondisjunction.
10 metic Yen1 mutant increased sister chromatid nondisjunction.
11 at homozygosity occurred through chromosomal nondisjunction.
12  or more on chromosomes that had experienced nondisjunction.
13 ly associated with an increased frequency of nondisjunction.
14  fluconazole can be dependent on chromosomal nondisjunction.
15 e a high frequency of 4th chromosome meiotic nondisjunction.
16 nfertility and/or high levels of chromosomal nondisjunction.
17 phase and exhibits phenotypes that can cause nondisjunction.
18  disrupted centromere clustering and meiotic nondisjunction.
19 mplete Sgo1 redistribution causes chromosome nondisjunction.
20 e whose activity helps to prevent chromosome nondisjunction.
21 is not due to eggshell defects or chromosome nondisjunction.
22 malies that could not be explained by simple nondisjunction.
23 s study investigated the basis of meiosis II nondisjunction.
24 e same nucleus for the centromere to undergo nondisjunction.
25  syntely but with some merotely) resulted in nondisjunction.
26 highly transcribed loci can cause chromosome nondisjunction.
27 a crossover, which in turn leads to elevated nondisjunction.
28  inversion heterozygotes as a model of human nondisjunction.
29 daptive mutagenesis can arise by chromosomal nondisjunction, a phenomenon previously associated exclu
30 chromosome number, or aneuploidy, is through nondisjunction--a chromosome distribution error that occ
31       Several situations that yield frequent nondisjunction also produce high levels of chromatin-dep
32                             The frequency of nondisjunction among 1784 embryos (3568 meioses) was 15.
33 ts suggest that the greatest risk factor for nondisjunction among younger women is the presence of a
34 better the association of recombination with nondisjunction, an understanding of the pattern of meiot
35 n of sister chromatids, resulting in massive nondisjunction and broken spindles.
36 ne may be a risk factor for maternal meiotic nondisjunction and Down syndrome in young mothers.
37 researchers designing genetic experiments on nondisjunction and improves several methods for the anal
38 ted with very high frequencies of chromosome nondisjunction and loss.
39 e an extreme bobbed visible phenotype and XY nondisjunction and meiotic drive in males.
40 t contain the IGS were found to suppress X-Y nondisjunction and meiotic drive in Xh-/Y males, and to
41                                      Meiotic nondisjunction and resulting aneuploidy can lead to seve
42 valents were observed, leading to chromosome nondisjunction and semisterility.
43    This analysis demonstrates that, although nondisjunction and sperm lethality are indeed correlated
44 e underlying biochemical changes that induce nondisjunction and the development of chromosomal defect
45                      Hence, a combination of nondisjunction and unequal spindle formation at first po
46 o sperm, consistent with a high frequency of nondisjunction and/or chromosome loss.
47 leation, increased chromosome lagging and/or nondisjunction, and abnormal localization of Aurora B at
48 l morphology, increased rates of chromosomal nondisjunction, and higher penetrance of deleterious all
49 equency of spontaneous mutations, chromosome nondisjunction, and telomere shortening.
50 hromosome 5, which is apparently a result of nondisjunction, appeared with increased frequencies afte
51 onception, maternal risk factors for meiotic nondisjunction are not well established.
52                                 Because most nondisjunction arises from E(0) tetrads, this observatio
53 t X chromosomes become vulnerable to meiotic nondisjunction as Drosophila oocytes age.
54 r that holds chromosomes together suppresses nondisjunction as long as the tether is near the centrom
55 Y chromosomes during male meiosis by causing nondisjunction at anaphase I.
56 ombine and an associated increase in homolog nondisjunction at meiosis I.
57 D+ protein in mei-S332 mutant males enhances nondisjunction at meiosis II.
58 rvive the pachytene stage display chromosome nondisjunction at the first meiotic division, resulting
59 ssovers partially protected chromosomes from nondisjunction at the meiosis I cell division.
60 he B chromosome of maize (Zea mays) involves nondisjunction at the second pollen mitosis, placing two
61 body that is not a consequence of chromosome nondisjunction, but is mimicked by depletion of vesicle
62 vision of chromatids was also found to cause nondisjunction, but it did not increase with maternal ag
63 ivalents going to the same pole and, second, nondisjunction by premature chromatid separation (prediv
64                              This process of nondisjunction can be studied by counting experimental p
65 ition, our results suggest that B chromosome nondisjunction can occur during the first microspore div
66 inactive centromere regained the property of nondisjunction causing the translocation chromosome 9 to
67 ere are multiple causes of human age-related nondisjunction, complicating our efforts to understand -
68 esion is under the control of the B-specific nondisjunction control region.
69 e XX <--> Y segregation events as "secondary nondisjunction." Cooper proposed that secondary nondisju
70 enetics of each specific human centromere in nondisjunction disorders and other biological settings.
71                   Our findings indicate that nondisjunction does not directly yield aneuploid cells,
72 nd King challenge this view, concluding that nondisjunction does not yield aneuploid cells directly,
73 aneuploidy; this is largely a consequence of nondisjunction during maternal meiosis I.
74 romosomes and donors underwent more-frequent nondisjunction during meiosis I, and others showed more
75  oocytes are most susceptible to spontaneous nondisjunction during meiosis I.
76 lity that may lead to chromosome breakage or nondisjunction during mitosis.
77 The B chromosomes of maize typically undergo nondisjunction during the second microspore division (ge
78      The Saccharomyces cerevisiae gene NDJ1 (nondisjunction) encodes a protein that accumulates at te
79             In the female germ line, mitotic nondisjunction ensures that the products of meiosis all
80  PWS with UPD in which there was a meiosis I nondisjunction error involving an altered chromosome 15
81          The absence of Mad3 does not induce nondisjunction, even though mad3Delta cells cannot arres
82 te-specific dysregulation contributes to the nondisjunction event.
83 partial isodisomy was caused by a meiosis II nondisjunction event.
84 combination on chromosome 21, and hence, the nondisjunction event.
85 idence indicate that this contributes to the nondisjunction event.
86 nt for distal exchanges among meiosis I (MI) nondisjunction events and for proximal exchanges among m
87                             Whole-chromosome nondisjunction events are preferentially associated with
88                                              Nondisjunction events were distributed nonrandomly among
89                                              Nondisjunction events were scored and factors influencin
90 nomaly disorder caused by 3&rcolon;1 meiotic nondisjunction events.
91 A (chr7) and PTEN (chr10) as driving initial nondisjunction events.
92 ally explained as reflecting two consecutive nondisjunction events.
93  mouse germ cells exhibit prophase I-related nondisjunction events.
94  Here, we present findings that X chromosome NonDisjunction factor-1 (XND-1), known for its role in r
95                             The frequency of nondisjunction for chromosome 18 was significantly highe
96                             The frequency of nondisjunction for chromosome 7 was significantly higher
97                         Genetic variation in nondisjunction frequency among X chromosomes from two Dr
98 ckground did not play an appreciable role in nondisjunction frequency.
99                                  The rate of nondisjunction has traditionally been estimated by assum
100 entify genetic contributors to human meiotic nondisjunction have met with little, if any, success.
101 ly the most important cause of human meiotic nondisjunction, having been linked to numerous autosomal
102 e hypothesis that some women have a risk for nondisjunction higher than do others of the same age.
103 romosome counts provide evidence against the nondisjunction hypothesis, and probability calculations
104          Deletion of NDJ1 (ndj1Delta) caused nondisjunction, impaired distributive segregation of lin
105        Efforts to recapitulate age-dependent nondisjunction in a mammalian experimental system have s
106  the first molecular correlate of chromosome nondisjunction in both humans and model organisms.
107 c recombination is an important component of nondisjunction in both species.
108 evalence and the deleterious consequences of nondisjunction in D. melanogaster.
109  for both high mean rates of female-specific nondisjunction in Drosophila and humans as well as the s
110                             For X chromosome nondisjunction in Drosophila female meiosis, all of the
111 ion of 103 cases of spontaneous X chromosome nondisjunction in Drosophila oocytes strongly parallels
112  both high levels of X and fourth chromosome nondisjunction in FM7/X females and high levels of fourt
113 ation, inducing both X and fourth chromosome nondisjunction in FM7/X females.
114 nsequences of spontaneous mitotic chromosome nondisjunction in human cells are not well understood.
115  believed to increase the risk of chromosome nondisjunction in human oocytes.
116 e configurations that are at higher risk for nondisjunction in humans and other organisms, we examine
117 ite the clinical importance of age-dependent nondisjunction in humans, the underlying mechanisms rema
118 on between altered recombination and meiotic nondisjunction in humans.
119 g on Drosophila, and secondly an overview of nondisjunction in humans.
120 for certain classes of age-dependent meiotic nondisjunction in humans.
121  sister chromatids may contribute to meiotic nondisjunction in humans.
122 ntation disruptor (ord) gene lead to meiotic nondisjunction in males and females because cohesion is
123 or understanding factors influencing meiotic nondisjunction in mammals.
124 ion prior to maternal meiosis I, followed by nondisjunction in maternal meiosis II, resulted in an oo
125                               To investigate nondisjunction in mitotic and meiotic germ cells, we per
126 ocess, has implications for the frequency of nondisjunction in our species.
127                                    Meiosis I nondisjunction in spindle checkpoint mutants could be pr
128 ave reduced map lengths, a high frequency of nondisjunction in the first meiotic division, and essent
129 xplanation for the high incidence of meiotic nondisjunction in the human female.
130                           Similarly, mitotic nondisjunction in the male germ line leads to the produc
131 osition complexes, consistent with increased nondisjunction in these double mutant cells.
132 females and high levels of fourth chromosome nondisjunction in X/X females.
133        In addition, virtually all cases of X nondisjunction in XXY females were due to XX <--> Y segr
134 hal alleles in the common region for meiotic nondisjunction, including an allele containing an amino
135  During meiosis in human oocytes, chromosome nondisjunction increases with maternal age, leading to d
136 red and factors influencing the frequency of nondisjunction involving chromosomes 7 and 18 were exami
137 es and across brain regions, suggesting that nondisjunction is a recurrent feature of somatic structu
138                     In both, a proportion of nondisjunction is associated with failure to pair and/or
139 accumulation mechanism by demonstrating that nondisjunction is caused by a process that does not depe
140 we show that the direct result of chromosome nondisjunction is gain or loss of a single chromosome, w
141                                      Meiotic nondisjunction is known to increase in older mothers, an
142                 Here we show that chromosome nondisjunction is tightly coupled to regulation of cytok
143 me segregation during gametogenesis, such as nondisjunction (NDJ) errors, have severe consequences in
144 omes that arise from meiotic errors, such as nondisjunction (NDJ) in meiosis I and meiosis II, and pr
145    Aberrant recombination is associated with nondisjunction (NDJ) leading to trisomy 21.
146    Chromosomes show different frequencies of nondisjunction (NDJ), reflecting inherent differences in
147 nclusion that chromosome segregation errors (nondisjunction, NDJ) occurred when nonexchange chromosom
148 important clues to the higher frequencies of nondisjunction observed in older women.
149                                          MII nondisjunction occurred only in oocytes with proximal ex
150                                           MI nondisjunction occurred primarily in oocytes with non-ex
151                                              Nondisjunction occurred with high frequency in cells tha
152      In the absence of Smc5-Smc6, chromosome nondisjunction occurs as a consequence of mitotic entry
153            In the absence of Mad2, meiosis I nondisjunction occurs at a high frequency and can be cor
154                     It has been assumed that nondisjunction of a chromosome during mitosis will yield
155                                       First, nondisjunction of bivalent chromosomes resulting in two
156 meiosis I centromere orientation and causing nondisjunction of both homologous and sister chromatids.
157                                We found that nondisjunction of Bs is accompanied by centromere activi
158 of age, a significant increase (P < .001) in nondisjunction of full dyads was found in the oocytes wi
159 mation of tripolar or monopolar spindles and nondisjunction of homologous chromosomes at meiosis I.
160                                              Nondisjunction of homologous chromosomes occurs in mei-3
161 rs in the rec8 mutants were due to meiosis I nondisjunction of homologous chromosomes.
162 aration of sister chromatids, but rather the nondisjunction of homologs.
163 s in the rec10 and rec11 mutants were due to nondisjunction of sister chromatids during meiosis II.
164 mosomes are present during anaphase, causing nondisjunction of some sister chromatids producing aneup
165 e male specific and cause meiosis I-specific nondisjunction of the autosomes.
166         However, the cycle is interrupted by nondisjunction of the B centromere at the second pollen
167                                This involves nondisjunction of the B centromere at the second pollen
168                    By utilizing the frequent nondisjunction of the B centromere at the second pollen
169                      Because of the frequent nondisjunction of the B centromere at the second pollen
170 tic line TB-10L18, our results indicate that nondisjunction of the B centromere occurs at an average
171 ll be driven down to the rate of spontaneous nondisjunction of the X chromosome.
172 dida albicans to fluconazole resulted in the nondisjunction of two specific chromosomes in 17 drug-re
173           Alternative explanations involving nondisjunction or autosomal inheritance are presented an
174               Upon investigation of the rDNA nondisjunction phenomenon, it was found that cdc14 mutan
175                                  The meiotic nondisjunction phenotype may result from a chromosomal r
176 more, whilst Pa ESP can rescue the chromatid nondisjunction phenotype of Arabidopsis ESP mutants, it
177                                          The nondisjunction, progression defects and desynapsis can b
178 B centromere to chromosome 7 transferred the nondisjunction property to this chromosome.
179 erimental progeny, but direct measurement of nondisjunction rates is complicated by not all classes o
180 were observed to congress poorly, leading to nondisjunction rates of 25%.
181  pericentromeric X heterochromatin cause X-Y nondisjunction, reduced male fertility and distorted spe
182                         Thus, spontaneous MI nondisjunction reflects the failure of the achiasmate se
183 at the region of the chromosome required for nondisjunction resides in the centromeric region.
184 disjunction." Cooper proposed that secondary nondisjunction results from the formation of an X-Y-X tr
185 f cytokinesis in human cell lines, such that nondisjunction results in the formation of tetraploid ra
186 ein Mad2 results in an increase in meiosis I nondisjunction, suggesting that Mad2 has a conserved rol
187 rs are usually used to identify the stage of nondisjunction that leads to UPD and to uncover the asso
188 plicons is the primary reason for chromosome nondisjunction upon CDC14 dysfunction.
189    Because mosaicism originates from mitotic nondisjunction, utilizing SNP microarray technology to i
190 o statistically significant bias in apparent nondisjunction vs. mitotic recombination among male vs.
191 al polarized light microscope imaging showed nondisjunction was caused by chromosome malorientation.
192    Bridges (1916) observed that X chromosome nondisjunction was much more frequent in XXY females tha
193                                     However, nondisjunction was not significantly increased in oocyte
194 inversion heterozygotes were pooled, meiotic nondisjunction was slightly but significantly higher in
195                              NPCs undergoing nondisjunction were also observed, along with interphase
196                            Two mechanisms of nondisjunction were determined.
197         Unbalanced predivision and classical nondisjunction were unaffected by oocyte aging.
198 ericentric heterochromatin exhibit increased nondisjunction when oocytes age.
199 ity associated with an increase in meiosis I nondisjunction, while intergenic recombination is reduce
200 ogenesis, probably as a result of chromosome nondisjunction, with affected animals being mosaics for
201 ng recognized as the primary risk factor for nondisjunction--with altered recombination, although som

 
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