ライフサイエンスコーパス: noninvasive ventilation

1 ed requirement for postoperative invasive or noninvasive ventilation.

2 re and respiratory acidosis nonresponsive to noninvasive ventilation.

3 h of stay (moderate certainty) compared with noninvasive ventilation.

4 ventilation; and 22.5% for those who failed noninvasive ventilation.

5 None of the patients received noninvasive ventilation.

6 ved after 2 hrs of total face mask-delivered noninvasive ventilation.

7 d criteria for extubation, reintubation, and noninvasive ventilation.

8 milar for patients treated with invasive and noninvasive ventilation.

9 not intubated and required oxygen (>=40%) or noninvasive ventilation.

10 w oxygen yielded less frequent use of rescue noninvasive ventilation.

11 those who are intubated without exposure to noninvasive ventilation.

12 g hospitals with high and low utilization of noninvasive ventilation.

13 -flow nasal cannula, nebulizer treatment, or noninvasive ventilation.

14 icle production by high-flow nasal oxygen or noninvasive ventilation.

15 and 137 (11% [95% CI, 9%-12%]) who received noninvasive ventilation.

16 f 13 hours (interquartile range, 4-38 hr) of noninvasive ventilation.

17 erences between high-flow oxygen therapy and noninvasive ventilation.

18 the 27 trials reported beneficial effects of noninvasive ventilation.

19 core, including 91 of 180 (51%) who received noninvasive ventilation.

20 echanical ventilation, 12,480 (19%) received noninvasive ventilation.

21 c obstructive pulmonary disease treated with noninvasive ventilation.

22 etween the two groups of patients undergoing noninvasive ventilation (11.7% for CPAP and 11.1% for NI

23 mechanical ventilation after first receiving noninvasive ventilation, 136 of whom died (4.5%; 95% CI,

24 mortality was 7.4% for patients treated with noninvasive ventilation; 16.1% for those treated with in

25 t of invasive ventilation (51.7% vs. 19.5%), noninvasive ventilation (18.4% vs. 7.6%), vasopressors (

26 io, 44.8; 95% confidence interval, 6.2-323), noninvasive ventilation (19.7; 2.8-140), cardiopulmonary

27 g the study period, 13,540 patients received noninvasive ventilation (25.2%; 95% confidence interval

28 % incorrect), and recognizing indication for noninvasive ventilation (27% incorrect).

29 Among those receiving noninvasive ventilation, 3,013 patients (22.3%; 95% CI,

30 respiratory distress syndrome, and 32 failed noninvasive ventilation (51%).

31 ents, 157 (49%) had bag-valve-mask, 71 (22%) noninvasive ventilation, 71 (22%) non-rebreathing mask,

32 with an endotracheal tube, tracheostomy, and noninvasive ventilation, 8%, 39%, and 53% were mobilized

33 d oxygen therapy (9.8%) and those undergoing noninvasive ventilation (9.5%, P=0.87).

34 Noninvasive ventilation, a standard-of-care management o

35 tion rate at 28 days and the need for rescue noninvasive ventilation according to predefined criteria

36 riability in the rate of ICU utilization for noninvasive ventilation across hospitals.

37 their exact role needs confirmation: one is noninvasive ventilation after extubation in high-risk or

38 rs, weaning duration, adverse events, use of noninvasive ventilation after extubation, successful wea

39 tional oxygen therapy, but not compared with noninvasive ventilation after extubation.

40 se exacerbation including 27.7% who received noninvasive ventilation and 45.5% who received invasive

41 There was an increasing use of noninvasive ventilation and a decreasing use of invasive

42 vitamin D, respiratory management including noninvasive ventilation and diaphragmatic pacing, secret

43 h noninvasive oxygenation strategies such as noninvasive ventilation and high-flow nasal oxygen may b

44 etermine the relationship between receipt of noninvasive ventilation and outcomes for patients with p

45 were used to assess the association between noninvasive ventilation and outcomes.Measurements and Ma

46 patients with suspected hypercapnia received noninvasive ventilation and patients without suspected h

47 primary end point for the comparison between noninvasive ventilation and standard oxygen therapy was

48 bjectives: To assess the association between noninvasive ventilation and subsequent need for invasive

49 that increasing experience favors the use of noninvasive ventilation and was associated with a strong

50 Forty-nine percent received noninvasive ventilation, and 25% had emergency reintubat

51 reathing mask, 0.10 (95% CI, 0.01-0.80) with noninvasive ventilation, and 5.75 (95% CI, 1.15-28.75) w

52 e the dynamic behavior of pressure-supported noninvasive ventilation, and confirmed the predicted beh

53 ing and flushing liquid waste, bronchoscopy, noninvasive ventilation, and nebulized medication admini

54 ying sleep-disordered breathing triggered by noninvasive ventilation, and optimizing noninvasive vent

55 e oxygen supplementation, prone positioning, noninvasive ventilation, and protective lung strategy in

56 ant, high-frequency oscillatory ventilation, noninvasive ventilation, and use of extracorporeal membr

57 ons such as spinal fusion, tracheostomy, and noninvasive ventilation; and death.

58 Noninvasive ventilation applied in ordinary wards was ef

59 These results support the use of noninvasive ventilation as a first-line therapy in appro

60 We will discuss the use of noninvasive ventilation as a mode to prevent intubation

61 ically classified high-flow nasal oxygen and noninvasive ventilation as aerosol-generating procedures

62 significantly higher in patients who failed noninvasive ventilation as compared with those who succe

63 Use of noninvasive ventilation as first-line mode of mechanical

64 in studies allowing crossover of controls to noninvasive ventilation as rescue treatment.

65 free from invasive mechanical ventilation or noninvasive ventilation at 30 days or on days free from

66 All but one patient undergoing noninvasive ventilation at extracorporeal membrane oxyge

67 hirty-seven patients, nine of whom underwent noninvasive ventilation at the time of extracorporeal me

68 vival without need of ventilation (including noninvasive ventilation) at day 14.

69 positive airway pressure (CPAP) rather than noninvasive ventilation be offered as the first-line tre

70 Longer duration of noninvasive ventilation before intubation was associated

71 cally ill children are frequently exposed to noninvasive ventilation before intubation.

72 Those who received noninvasive ventilation before invasive mechanical venti

73 oxygen, with the possibility to apply rescue noninvasive ventilation before reintubation.

74 The application of noninvasive ventilation by a trained and experienced int

75 Although the results suggest that noninvasive ventilation can be delivered safely outside

76 Noninvasive ventilation can be effective in MG but may n

77 determine the relationship between hospital noninvasive ventilation caseload and outcomes among pati

78 Lower oxygen saturation, higher F io2 , noninvasive ventilation compared with high-flow, tachypn

79 h hypoxemic acute respiratory failure, early noninvasive ventilation compared with oxygen therapy alo

80 e to severe hypoxemia, treatment with helmet noninvasive ventilation, compared with high-flow nasal o

81 ort study of patients undergoing invasive or noninvasive ventilation, conducted during 4 consecutive

82 Noninvasive ventilation (continuous positive airway pres

83 atient selection and timing of initiation of noninvasive ventilation could lead to less variability i

84 s, however, substantial harm associated with noninvasive ventilation could not be excluded.

85 Rationale: Noninvasive ventilation decreases the need for invasive

86 Noninvasive ventilation delivered as bilevel positive ai

87 if a hospital were considering changing its noninvasive ventilation delivery policy.

88 Bronchoscopy without NMA and noninvasive ventilation did not generate significant aer

89 t with high-flow oxygen, standard oxygen, or noninvasive ventilation did not result in significantly

90 n therapy and standard oxygen at the time of noninvasive ventilation discontinuation.

91 Additional studies are required to evaluate noninvasive ventilation efficacy in the wards compared w

92 pulmonary disease exacerbation treated with noninvasive ventilation; even hospitals with low noninva

93 ls, high-volume hospitals did not have lower noninvasive ventilation failure (odds ratio quartile 4 v

94 olume was not related to outcomes, including noninvasive ventilation failure (p = 0.87), in-hospital

95 nts should be monitored closely for signs of noninvasive ventilation failure and promptly intubated b

96 also highlighting the risks associated with noninvasive ventilation failure and the need to be cauti

97 Noninvasive ventilation failure group included children

98 Noninvasive ventilation failure group included more infa

99 In the noninvasive ventilation failure group, higher FIO2 befor

100 dal volume was independently associated with noninvasive ventilation failure in multivariate analysis

101 Noninvasive ventilation failure occurred in 15.2%, and i

102 bjective of this study was to assess whether noninvasive ventilation failure was associated with seve

103 ith that of invasive mechanical ventilation; noninvasive ventilation failure was associated with the

104 Noninvasive ventilation failure was not associated with

105 After controlling for baseline differences, noninvasive ventilation failure was not independently as

106 Noninvasive ventilation failure was not independently as

107 Noninvasive ventilation failure was recorded in 13.7% fr

108 tors that were independently associated with noninvasive ventilation failure were Simplified Acute Ph

109 ve 9.5 mL/kg predicted body weight predicted noninvasive ventilation failure with a sensitivity of 82

110 24 tracheal intubations (44%) occurred after noninvasive ventilation failure, with a median of 13 hou

111 kg predicted body weight accurately predicts noninvasive ventilation failure.

112 idal volume is independently associated with noninvasive ventilation failure.

113 We also assessed predictors for noninvasive ventilation failure.

114 propensity score-matched analyses, receiving noninvasive ventilation first was associated with a sign

115 iteria were applied: 4,804 (31.7%) received "noninvasive ventilation first," whereas 10,221 (67.5%) r

116 ew the strong evidence supporting the use of noninvasive ventilation for acute respiratory failure to

117 Evaluation of potential benefits of noninvasive ventilation for bronchiolitis has been precl

118 Weaker evidence supports consideration of noninvasive ventilation for chronic obstructive pulmonar

119 al volume can be difficult to achieve during noninvasive ventilation for de novo acute hypoxemic resp

120 chieve in the majority of patients receiving noninvasive ventilation for de novo acute hypoxemic resp

121 The use of noninvasive ventilation for patients with pneumonia shou

122 o 86%), with a marked increase in the use of noninvasive ventilation (from 18% to 49%) and a decrease

123 in 30 of 159 patients (18.9%) in the helmet noninvasive ventilation group and 25 of 161 (15.5%) in t

124 patients overall (41.4%), 73 (38.2%) in the noninvasive ventilation group and 82 (44.8%) in the oxyg

125 s 9 L/min (interquartile range, 5-15) in the noninvasive ventilation group and 9 L/min (interquartile

126 All patients in the noninvasive ventilation group received the first noninva

127 with a reduction in mortality (12.6% in the noninvasive ventilation group vs 17.8% in the control ar

128 ation, 46 deaths (24.1%) had occurred in the noninvasive ventilation group vs 50 (27.3%) in the oxyge

129 e standard group, and 50% (55 of 110) in the noninvasive-ventilation group (P=0.18 for all comparison

130 occurred in 57 of 624 patients (9.1%) in the noninvasive-ventilation group and in 118 of 637 patients

131 c arrest occurred in 1 patient (0.2%) in the noninvasive-ventilation group and in 7 patients (1.1%) i

132 iration occurred in 6 patients (0.9%) in the noninvasive-ventilation group and in 9 patients (1.4%) i

133 the standard-oxygen group and 19+/-12 in the noninvasive-ventilation group; P=0.02 for all comparison

134 ed analysis, patients initially treated with noninvasive ventilation had a 41% lower risk of death co

135 ructive pulmonary disease patients receiving noninvasive ventilation had similar in-hospital mortalit

136 Noninvasive ventilation has assumed an important role in

137 Noninvasive ventilation has assumed an important role in

138 Noninvasive ventilation has been applied mostly in ICUs,

139 Noninvasive ventilation has been recommended to decrease

140 Helmet noninvasive ventilation has been used in patients with C

141 SO], low-flow oxygen [LFO], high-flow oxygen/noninvasive ventilation [HFO/NIV], and invasive mechanic

142 rkers of severity of illness, hospital-level noninvasive ventilation (high vs low utilization) was no

143 -flow nasal cannula oxygen (n = 55; 8%), and noninvasive ventilation + high-flow nasal cannula oxygen

144 Compared with noninvasive ventilation, high-flow nasal cannula had no

145 atory support (n = 161), which included mask noninvasive ventilation, high-flow nasal oxygen, and sta

146 and 1) the proportion of patients receiving noninvasive ventilation (highest vs lowest case-volume t

147 Noninvasive ventilation improves quality of life and ext

148 his comprehensive metaanalysis suggests that noninvasive ventilation improves survival in acute care

149 These methods include the use of noninvasive ventilation in appropriately selected patien

150 tubations but significantly increased use of noninvasive ventilation in both trials combined.

151 Noninvasive ventilation in bronchiolitis may incur an un

152 analysis of a randomized controlled trial of noninvasive ventilation in critically ill immunocompromi

153 5) What is the role of prone positioning and noninvasive ventilation in nonventilated patients with c

154 sons brought to an increasing application of noninvasive ventilation in ordinary wards.

155 idence is mixed as to the appropriate use of noninvasive ventilation in patients with pneumonia.

156 tinuous positive airway pressure, or bilevel noninvasive ventilation in the 6 hours prior to tracheal

157 patients before, during, and after receiving noninvasive ventilation in the prone position.

158 l care (i.e., conventional oxygen therapy or noninvasive ventilation) in adults with respiratory fail

159 evaluated the outcomes of patients receiving noninvasive ventilation including long-term follow-up.

160 ents with acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema, noninvasive ventilation induces a more rapid improvement

161 AM on the second, third, or fourth day after noninvasive ventilation initiation.

162 At the time of noninvasive ventilation interruption, PaCO2 and diaphrag

163 Primary outcomes were rates of noninvasive ventilation, invasive ventilation, and cardi

164 Noninvasive ventilation is a life-saving technique incre

165 uld be lost in some subgroups of patients if noninvasive ventilation is applied late as a rescue trea

166 Acute noninvasive ventilation is generally applied via face ma

167 Noninvasive ventilation is increasingly applied to preve

168 Whenever noninvasive ventilation is indicated, an early adoption

169 nasal cannula (HFNC), helmet, and face-mask noninvasive ventilation is used.

170 Noninvasive ventilation is widely used to avoid tracheal

171 ategories, including respiratory physiology, noninvasive ventilation, lung protective ventilation, we

172 Patients randomized to noninvasive ventilation maintained the survival benefit

173 s across preoxygenation methods suggest that noninvasive ventilation may deserve preference in patien

174 acute respiratory distress syndrome who fail noninvasive ventilation may have worse outcomes than tho

175 hospitalization, use of supplemental oxygen, noninvasive ventilation, mechanical ventilation or extra

176 dies with unclear methodology, comparing two noninvasive ventilation modalities, or in palliative set

177 Patients were randomized to receive helmet noninvasive ventilation (n = 159) or usual respiratory s

178 Patients were randomly assigned to early noninvasive ventilation (n = 191) or oxygen therapy alon

179 ies included standard oxygen (n = 245, 38%), noninvasive ventilation (n = 285; 44%), high-flow nasal

180 mechanical ventilation after treatment with noninvasive ventilation needs further investigation.

181 Despite extensive noninvasive ventilation (NIV) and continuous positive ai

182 High-flow nasal oxygen (HFNO) and noninvasive ventilation (NIV) are commonly used respirat

183 ive pulmonary disease (COPD) requiring acute noninvasive ventilation (NIV) are poor and there are few

184 e: High-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) and helmet noninvasive ventilation (NIV) are used for the managemen

185 Rates of noninvasive ventilation (NIV) failure decreased with an

186 RATIONALE: During noninvasive ventilation (NIV) for chronic obstructive pu

187 The use of noninvasive ventilation (NIV) has become increasingly po

188 nal oxygen therapy or high-flow oxygen (HFO)/noninvasive ventilation (NIV) in cohort 1; HFO, NIV, or

189 ecades have shown the effectiveness of early noninvasive ventilation (NIV) in decreasing the use of M

190 RATIONALE: Noninvasive ventilation (NIV) is increasingly used in pa

191 Background: Noninvasive ventilation (NIV) is used for patients with

192 Noninvasive ventilation (NIV) is widely used in episodes

193 Noninvasive ventilation (NIV) may be a palliative approa

194 e combination of high-flow nasal oxygen with noninvasive ventilation (NIV) may be an optimal strategy

195 Rationale: Although noninvasive ventilation (NIV) may prevent reintubation i

196 Applying either noninvasive ventilation (NIV) or continuous positive air

197 zed trials assessing the impact of long-term noninvasive ventilation (NIV) or continuous positive air

198 2% (95% CI -28% to 4%) fewer patients needed noninvasive ventilation (NIV) or mechanical ventilation

199 n of COPD in patients who are either failing noninvasive ventilation (NIV) or who are failing to wean

200 It has not been established whether noninvasive ventilation (NIV) reduces the need for invas

201 To be most effective, noninvasive ventilation (NIV) ventilators should synchro

202 requiring high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) or noninvasive ventilation (NIV) were older than during pre

203 Noninvasive ventilation (NIV) with a face mask is relati

204 Objectives: We aimed to determine whether noninvasive ventilation (NIV) with active humidification

205 of 300 while treated with 40 L/min HFNO, or noninvasive ventilation (NIV) with positive end-expirato

206 A total of 33 patients were treated with noninvasive ventilation (NIV), of which 21 avoided intub

207 spective effects of helmet pressure support (noninvasive ventilation [NIV]) and continuous positive a

208 was to evaluate the impact of preintubation noninvasive ventilation on children with pediatric acute

209 d controlled trials focused on the effect of noninvasive ventilation on mortality.

210 The noninvasive ventilation-only group was created applying

211 The GenMatch identified 21 patients for the noninvasive ventilation-only group.

212 three times higher in patients treated with noninvasive ventilation-only than in patients treated wi

213 O2 removal was 12% (95% CI, 2.5-31.2) and in noninvasive ventilation-only was 33% (95% CI, 14.6-57.0)

214 bation to receive preoxygenation with either noninvasive ventilation or an oxygen mask.

215 or in a monitored unit requiring invasive or noninvasive ventilation or high-flow nasal cannula betwe

216 level 3.10-fold higher among those requiring noninvasive ventilation or high-flow nasal cannula compa

217 gned to lung-protective ventilation required noninvasive ventilation or intubation for acute respirat

218 n without positive pressure; 11.5% receiving noninvasive ventilation or nasal high-flow oxygen; and 6

219 t intensive care or ventilation, 13 required noninvasive ventilation or oxygen administration, 18 wer

220 -3.7 to 3.8 days), or need for mechanical or noninvasive ventilation (OR 1.03; 95% CI 0.70-1.51).

221 xpired tidal volume and its association with noninvasive ventilation outcome.

222 ctive pulmonary disease could safely receive noninvasive ventilation outside of the ICU.

223 -year survival rate of patients treated with noninvasive ventilation outside the ICU for acute respir

224 ompared with standard oxygen (p = 0.004) and noninvasive ventilation (p < 0.001).

225 oth high-flow oxygen therapy (p < 0.001) and noninvasive ventilation (p < 0.01).

226 with severe desaturation (15% vs 9% without noninvasive ventilation; p = 0.005).

227 tubation-associated events (5% vs 5% without noninvasive ventilation; p = 0.96) but was associated wi

228 rm birth, high illness severity, tracheal or noninvasive ventilation, parental absence and use of con

229 Twenty-five patients were included in the noninvasive ventilation-plus-extracorporeal CO2 removal

230 Intubation rate in noninvasive ventilation-plus-extracorporeal CO2 removal

231 ntilation-only than in patients treated with noninvasive ventilation-plus-extracorporeal CO2 removal

232 to receive continuous treatment with helmet noninvasive ventilation (positive end-expiratory pressur

233 Use of noninvasive ventilation, rather than invasive ventilatio

234 Although noninvasive ventilation reduces desaturation during intu

235 Noninvasive ventilation reduces dyspnea and improves exe

236 We conducted a study to determine whether noninvasive ventilation reduces mortality and whether th

237 High-flow nasal cannula may decrease use of noninvasive ventilation (relative risk, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.

238 tients with concomitant respiratory failure, noninvasive ventilation represents a promising treatment

239 ing tracheal intubation, preoxygenation with noninvasive ventilation resulted in a lower incidence of

240 Helmet noninvasive ventilation (RR, 0.26 [95% CrI, 0.14-0.46];

241 with standard oxygen, treatment with helmet noninvasive ventilation (RR, 0.40 [95% CrI, 0.24-0.63];

242 , -0.60 to -0.16]; low certainty), face mask noninvasive ventilation (RR, 0.76 [95% CrI, 0.62-0.90];

243 0.37 to -0.09]; low certainty) and face mask noninvasive ventilation (RR, 0.83 [95% CrI, 0.68-0.99];

244 nvasive ventilation group received the first noninvasive ventilation session immediately after random

245 riables were systematically recorded at each noninvasive ventilation session.

246 ange) expired tidal volume averaged over all noninvasive ventilation sessions (mean expired tidal vol

247 Noninvasive ventilation sessions did not prevent patient

248 occurred and sleep quality was better during noninvasive ventilation sessions than during spontaneous

249 d by noninvasive ventilation, and optimizing noninvasive ventilation settings.

250 Whether noninvasive ventilation should be administered in patien

251 rent among trials, while PaO2 was greater in noninvasive ventilation than with both standard oxygen (

252 g an acute exacerbation of COPD, adding home noninvasive ventilation to home oxygen therapy prolonged

253 ompare the outcomes of patients treated with noninvasive ventilation to those treated with invasive m

254 mpared with high-flow oxygen therapy and all noninvasive ventilation trials (p < 0.001 for all compar

255 d suspected of having OHS be discharged with noninvasive ventilation until they undergo outpatient di

256 (odds ratio = 4.96 [2.11-11.6]; p < 0.001), noninvasive ventilation use (odds ratio = 2.35 [1.35-4.0

257 (odds ratio = 4.75 [2.23-10.1]; p < 0.001), noninvasive ventilation use (odds ratio = 2.85 [1.73-4.7

258 bid pneumonia and severe sepsis.Conclusions: Noninvasive ventilation use during asthma exacerbation w

259 was used-the differential distance to a high noninvasive ventilation use hospital.

260 Noninvasive ventilation use increased from 57.9% of infa

261 respiratory distress syndrome, preintubation noninvasive ventilation use is associated with worse out

262 nd baseline functional status, preintubation noninvasive ventilation use resulted in longer invasive

263 The median hospital annual volume of noninvasive ventilation use was 627 and varied from 234

264 eumonia who received mechanical ventilation, noninvasive ventilation use was not associated with a re

265 ventilation use, subjects with preintubation noninvasive ventilation use were more likely to have a h

266 t for unmeasured confounding associated with noninvasive ventilation use, an instrumental variable wa

267 Compared with subjects without preintubation noninvasive ventilation use, subjects with preintubation

268 outcomes when compared with no preintubation noninvasive ventilation use.

269 Hospital-level noninvasive ventilation utilization was not associated w

270 n PaO2/FIO2 ratio = 116), requiring advanced noninvasive ventilation (Venturi mask and continuous pos

271 =0.046) and 2.50 (95% CI, 1.31 to 4.78) with noninvasive ventilation versus high-flow oxygen (P=0.006

272 Noninvasive ventilation versus invasive mechanical venti

273 nvasive ventilation; even hospitals with low noninvasive ventilation volume are able to successfully

274 ort study suggest that hospitals with higher noninvasive ventilation volume do not achieve better out

275 Noninvasive ventilation was administered to 180 patients

276 Noninvasive ventilation was also positively associated w

277 Annual hospital volume of noninvasive ventilation was analyzed as a continuous var

278 Across all models, the use of noninvasive ventilation was associated with a lower odds

279 lmonary disease exacerbation, the receipt of noninvasive ventilation was associated with a lower risk

280 Noninvasive ventilation was associated with a reduction

281 As compared with standard oxygen therapy, noninvasive ventilation was associated with greater mean

282 Noninvasive ventilation was associated with significantl

283 al was added to noninvasive ventilation when noninvasive ventilation was at risk of failure (arterial

284 Noninvasive ventilation was initiated.

285 ed that, among marginal patients, receipt of noninvasive ventilation was not significantly associated

286 Use of noninvasive ventilation was related to case-volume, sugg

287 ion were required in 38 patients (35.8%) and noninvasive ventilation was required in 17 patients (16.

288 Noninvasive ventilation was uniformly delivered using a

289 vasive mechanical ventilation, preintubation noninvasive ventilation was used in 995 (41%).

290 Noninvasive ventilation was used less often by physician

291 Mortality was reduced when noninvasive ventilation was used to treat (14.2% vs 20.6

292 Patients receiving noninvasive ventilation were more likely to be older, ma

293 ers supported with high-flow nasal oxygen or noninvasive ventilation were selected.

294 of these patients, and of patients requiring noninvasive ventilation, were analyzed.

295 Extracorporeal CO2 removal was added to noninvasive ventilation when noninvasive ventilation was

296 trials, the first, third, and fifth trial in noninvasive ventilation, whereas the second and fourth w

297 Patients were randomly assigned to receive noninvasive ventilation with either an ICU ventilators (

298 To compare outcomes of children receiving noninvasive ventilation with those receiving invasive ve

299 group included children without exposure to noninvasive ventilation within 6 hours before tracheal i

300 as been used as a novel interface to deliver noninvasive ventilation without applying direct pressure