ライフサイエンスコーパス: null hypothesis

1 tor provided strong evidence in favor of the null hypothesis.

2 tion of clusters that are expected under the null hypothesis.

3 eals considerable evidential support for the null hypothesis.

4 factors that provided strong support for the null hypothesis.

5 complete response allowing rejection of the null hypothesis.

6 The mathematical model plays the role of a null hypothesis.

7 ependent of the selection criteria under the null hypothesis.

8 tions from asymptotic expectations under the null hypothesis.

9 differences with expected value 0 under the null hypothesis.

10 ret them as probability statements about the null hypothesis.

11 bability, by considering it in relation to a null hypothesis.

12 , as predicted by the traditional ecological null hypothesis.

13 ances better than the much more parsimonious null hypothesis.

14 o determine the level of significance of the null hypothesis.

15 nt of the observed linkage signal, under the null hypothesis.

16 type I error and erroneous rejection of the null hypothesis.

17 obability measure regarding the truth of the null hypothesis.

18 of "normal behavior"--that is, it requires a null hypothesis.

19 comparing the likelihood ratio to that of a null hypothesis.

20 Performing a statistical test requires a null hypothesis.

21 ihood-ratio test (LRT) of the no-interaction null hypothesis.

22 ence hypothesis but is inconsistent with the null hypothesis.

23 sured medical outcome rate ratios toward the null hypothesis.

24 clusive evidence as evidence in favor of the null hypothesis.

25 s greatly overstate the evidence against the null hypothesis.

26 controls, the efficiency is only 1/6 on the null hypothesis.

27 ovariates could inform the likelihood of the null hypothesis.

28 icated anecdotal to moderate support for the null hypothesis.

29 sted against those expected under a suitable null hypothesis.

30 which we can estimate a distribution under a null hypothesis.

31 ent to which each method is biased under the null hypothesis.

32 6 (90% CI, 0.67 to 0.85), which rejected the null hypothesis.

33 nicians could have biased results toward the null hypothesis.

34 the alternative hypothesis to that under the null hypothesis.

35 s evaluated using its distribution under the null hypothesis.

36 but statistical analyses did not exclude the null hypothesis.

37 ntelligence than would be expected under the null hypothesis.

38 ene burden analyses were consistent with the null hypothesis.

39 y significant rejection of the local-realist null hypothesis.

40 rly restrictive assumptions and an incorrect null hypothesis?

41 ted with a higher likelihood of refuting the null hypothesis (0.13 [95% CI, 0.01 to 0.25]; P = .03).

42 approach, all genes are assumed to satisfy a null hypothesis, 0, of no difference in expression.

43 Under the null hypothesis, 4 (5%) of the 86 interactions would be

44 bound of the one-sided 95% CI 33%), thus the null hypothesis (40% pathological complete response) cou

45 e size of 25, the model falsely rejected the null hypothesis 55% of the time.

46 nvalues of the correlation matrix against a "null hypothesis"--a truly random correlation matrix obta

47 tment effects on survival will be based on a null hypothesis (absence of effects) and an alternative

48 ected; negative reports defined as P < 0.05, null hypothesis accepted; and inconclusive reports defin

49 omparisons resulted in failure to reject the null hypothesis (adjusted p = 0.083 for both outcomes).

50 metric statistical methods testing a complex null hypothesis against specific alternatives, such as d

51 tric statistical methods that test a complex null hypothesis against specific alternatives.

52 The hypergeometric distribution constitutes null hypothesis-all peptide matches to a tandem mass spe

53 lity that the test statistic will reject the null hypothesis and mortality will simultaneously show i

54 es show correct type I error rates under the null hypothesis and robust statistical power under alter

55 of more than 25% was required to reject the null hypothesis and show improvement, on the basis of re

56 greater than 60% was required to reject the null hypothesis and show significant improvement in 1-ye

57 ped measure of exchangeability to evaluate a null hypothesis and two alternative hypotheses about the

58 enotype data for trios are simulated under a null hypothesis and under an alternative (power) hypothe

59 features allows one to construct a tailored null hypothesis and use it for evaluating the accuracy o

60 approximately normal distribution under the null hypothesis, and extreme negative values correspond

61 s: 1) length bias that exists even under the null hypothesis; and 2) loss of efficiency when exposure

62 basis for doing so, as when testing only the null hypothesis; and 3) statistical reification, treatin

63 tically it has a chi2 distribution under the null hypothesis; and exact P values can be easily comput

64 ches that involve the use of the traditional null hypothesis approach and statistically validated rep

65 We compare this hypothesis with the null hypothesis, assumed by most previous models of bino

66 dian test statistics than expected under the null hypothesis assuming no predictive power (p<0.01, bo

67 ent single hypothesis tests with the overall null hypothesis assuming that all single hypotheses are

68 A simple null hypothesis based on coalescence theory explains som

69 Classical, null hypothesis-based approaches involving the use of co

70 However, neither can the null hypothesis be sustained--that it is a 'functional'

71 er/test pairs that are independent under the null hypothesis but correlated under the alternative-is

72 e methods detect complex departures from the null hypothesis but lack the ability to identify the spe

73 t of them detect complex departures from the null hypothesis but when the null hypothesis is rejected

74 Previous data and theory supported the null hypothesis, but evidence presented here shows that

75 tribution of alleles allows rejection of the null hypothesis, but relatively small deviations from th

76 zation, which is not ideal because often the null hypothesis cannot be rejected simply due to limited

77 ce among previous tests is mainly due to the null hypothesis considered.

78 Although the null hypothesis could not be rejected, the WSG-KEYRICHED

79 We show that testability of the ontological null hypothesis derives from an experimental concept, ex

80 and locus-specific genotyping, based on the null-hypothesis distribution of the LOD-score statistic

81 tiple comparisons was performed by computing null hypothesis distributions from 10000 Monte Carlo sim

82 ough there was no clear evidence against the null hypothesis, drug dependence (beta = -0.27, P = 0.58

83 omparing the observed rate ratio against the null hypothesis exceeded a critical value.

84 Under the null hypothesis, factors that have an impact on the info

85 on-significant" p-values as evidence for the null hypothesis, failure to account for forms of multipl

86 ors or selective advantage, and represents a null hypothesis for assessing such alternatives.

87 e a greater fractional kill according to the null hypothesis for both the Loewe dose-additivity model

88 c cluster sizes and may therefore serve as a null hypothesis for cluster sizes under simple epidemiol

89 on, and is essential in formulating a robust null hypothesis for comparative genomics studies.

90 osition to contribute to the definition of a null hypothesis for developmental evolution: in other wo

91 The simplest null hypothesis for evolutionary time series is that the

92 some cases, it should not be accepted as the null hypothesis for explaining features of host-symbiont

93 l landscapes that can be used as a realistic null hypothesis for making biological discoveries.

94 hat the star topology is the correct default null hypothesis for phylogenies.

95 from this pattern involves rejection of the null hypothesis for roughly the last 75 million years fo

96 iversity and biogeography provides a dynamic null hypothesis for the assembly of natural communities.

97 t of the 90.4% CI was greater than 1.388 the null hypothesis for the corresponding non-inferiority hy

98 Instead, we offer an alternative null hypothesis for the evolutionary origin of SSB that,

99 resulted in a failure to reject the CDM as a null hypothesis for the molecular evolution of COI and c

100 = 0.58), which was sufficient to reject the null hypothesis for the primary end point (stratified lo

101 The null hypothesis for this study was that patients treated

102 al offspring genotype distribution under the null hypothesis given the sufficient statistic.

103 significance level, alpha, one can reject a null hypothesis, H0: "the result is false".

104 atistic z < 0.39 (P >/= .348) and reject the null hypothesis if z > 2.54 (P </= .0056).

105 Rejection of the null hypothesis implies a role for directional natural s

106 The appropriate null hypothesis in behavior genetics is not that genetic

107 a highly restrictive characterization of the null hypothesis in Hwang et al. and Foppa and Spiegelman

108 commend the presented birth-death model as a null hypothesis in prokaryotic speciation studies.

109 The probability of falsely rejecting the null hypothesis increased with increasing sample size, a

110 ce imaging, we often need to test an overall null hypothesis involving a large number of single hypot

111 e corresponding level of significance of the null hypothesis is determined.

112 out most of the Phanerozoic, the random-walk null hypothesis is not rejected for marine diversity, ac

113 to find the subset of pathways for which the null hypothesis is rejected and second, apply MST-based

114 rtures from the null hypothesis but when the null hypothesis is rejected, the specific alternative le

115 at the familywise error rate at the complete null hypothesis is still controlled.

116 We show that this null hypothesis is sufficient to explain the lack of det

117 Our null hypothesis is that the average ASSR to the fixed-wi

118 Our null hypothesis is that tooth-surface defect dimensions,

119 point was objective response rate (ORR); the null hypothesis (<= 5% ORR) would be rejected within eac

120 sample sizes results in the rejection of the null hypothesis, making it not meaningful in this specif

121 E implicitly assumes a markedly conservative null-hypothesis model, and we present a new random-effec

122 tantial to strong evidence in support of the null hypothesis (no effect).

123 c nerve stimulation of 23.7 ms (p < 0.001 vs null hypothesis of <88ms).

124 ders was 0.30 (95% CI 0.21-0.40; p=0.0154 vs null hypothesis of <=0.20).

125 e significantly higher than the prespecified null hypothesis of 40% (P = 0.02 and P = 0.005, respecti

126 was 20.6% (95% CI 8.3-32.9; p=0.0002 vs the null hypothesis of 44%) in the niraparib plus nivolumab

127 allele at heterozygous sites and testing the null hypothesis of a 1:1 allelic ratio.

128 ence interval, 77 to 98; P<0.001 against the null hypothesis of a 50% response).

129 ics is observed from that expected under the null hypothesis of a common autosomal genetic architectu

130 family member-provides evidence against the null hypothesis of a complete absence of linkage and ass

131 ce for a subset of these species allowed the null hypothesis of a congruent phylogeny to be rejected

132 The null hypothesis of a true disease control rate (DCR) of

133 The power of five tests to reject the null hypothesis of a uniform distribution is studied for

134 cted relatives provides evidence against the null hypothesis of complete absence of linkage and assoc

135 orphic sites on both the power to reject the null hypothesis of constant population size and the prop

136 more powerful to detect departures from the null hypothesis of constant population size than other m

137 re substantially lower than predicted by the null hypothesis of equal attraction level (0.44 times).

138 To reject the null hypothesis of equal seed and pollen gene flow rates

139 We tested, and rejected, the null hypothesis of equal survival and timing of spring m

140 and study month as covariates supported the null hypothesis of equal variant distributions between v

141 Decision boundaries were to accept the null hypothesis of futility if the test statistic z < 0.

142 Assuming a null hypothesis of median OS of <= 15 months, the OS end

143 Assuming a null hypothesis of median PFSot time <=7 months and targ

144 red by 5.5 points (not significant), and the null hypothesis of more than minimal IPT inferiority was

145 locus (QTL) analyses can be used to test the null hypothesis of neutral phenotypic evolution.

146 f the proteins surveyed failed to reject the null hypothesis of neutral substitutions among surface r

147 We reject the null hypothesis of neutrality on this network of CD risk

148 e distributions of Q(ST) and F(ST) under the null hypothesis of neutrality will depend on species-spe

149 ly greater than expected by chance under the null hypothesis of no association (P = 0.012).

150 trate the validity of the APL test under the null hypothesis of no association and show that the test

151 per GWAS and performs score tests under the null hypothesis of no association between a binary trait

152 Results fail to confirm the null hypothesis of no association between BCG vaccinatio

153 ation when early evidence suggested that the null hypothesis of no association between genotype and d

154 ion P=0.004, median difference 110 under the null hypothesis of no association between sex and phenot

155 s to a bias in the score statistic under the null hypothesis of no association between the marker and

156 estimates which can be biased away from the null hypothesis of no association by 22%-39%, even for s

157 The statistics give valid chi2 tests of the null hypothesis of no association or no linkage and gene

158 than expected theoretically under the global null hypothesis of no association, and 128 SNPs had evid

159 ternative, yet it remains unbiased under the null hypothesis of no causal effect; the maximum likelih

160 roximate the distribution of rho L under the null hypothesis of no common QTL.

161 esis of no linkage with either trait and the null hypothesis of no contribution of the locus to the c

162 m measure, together with simple tests of the null hypothesis of no disequilibrium.

163 kage procedures can show a "bias" toward the null hypothesis of no effect when there is incomplete in

164 er 219 (41%) deaths had occurred to test the null hypothesis of no efficacy (threshold for rejection

165 the subjects' exposure experience under the null hypothesis of no exposure-event relation.

166 stribution of the Pleiotropy Index under the null hypothesis of no genotype-phenotype association.

167 n of Gaussian regression residuals under the null hypothesis of no interaction; shows how their appro

168 approximately 0.01) than expected under the null hypothesis of no linkage across the LOD score range

169 to assess genomewide significance under the null hypothesis of no linkage and to evaluate true-posit

170 dress the important issue of formulating the null hypothesis of no linkage appropriately.

171 The test is not biased under the null hypothesis of no linkage or association.

172 s a chi(2) distribution with 1 df, under the null hypothesis of no linkage or linkage disequilibrium

173 linkage analyses strongly rejected both the null hypothesis of no linkage with either trait and the

174 arametric linkage test statistics toward the null hypothesis of no locus effect.

175 is a simple 2-step procedure for testing the null hypothesis of no multiplicative interaction against

176 We cannot reject the null hypothesis of no placebo effect.

177 ation events from a tree estimated under the null hypothesis of no recombination, we also reveal some

178 The null hypothesis of no significant difference between pul

179 The null hypothesis of no spatial clustering is rejected for

180 tes, there was a lack of power to reject the null hypothesis of no vaccine effect, and that the study

181 ropy, so that the erroneous rejection of the null hypothesis of pleiotropy only happens at a frequenc

182 The implicit null hypothesis of potential similarity is invalidated b

183 months in the as-enrolled population, with a null hypothesis of progression-free survival at 4 months

184 significantly higher than expected under the null hypothesis of random distribution.

185 ir mutation probabilities under the standard null hypothesis of random mutation.

186 in diversity across habitats relative to the null hypothesis of random sampling.

187 ereas others have reported failure to reject null hypothesis of random spacing at that scale.

188 The null hypothesis of selective neutrality is tested for ea

189 multisensory responses evaluated against the null hypothesis of simple summation of unisensory influe

190 ajority of dendrites we could not reject the null hypothesis of spatial randomness in spine locations

191 The null hypothesis of this study was that chewing gum does

192 y separate unannotated noncoding RNAs from a null hypothesis of transcriptional noise.

193 in spine and hip bone mineral density with a null hypothesis of zero between-group difference tested

194 nce rate (FER) as the probability, under the null hypothesis, of observing a hypothetical future P va

195 ich the observed data are unusual, given the null hypothesis or other test hypothesis, by translating

196 e length of the protein in the database (the null hypothesis) or the hypergeometric probability score

197 Simon two-stage design was used to compare a null hypothesis OS3 of 18% against an alternative of 43%

198 Simon two-stage design is used to compare a null hypothesis OS3 of 18% against an alternative of 44%

199 Moreover, the thermodynamically generated null hypothesis outperforms the statistical one due to i

200 sing PL eiotropic A nalysis under CO mposite null hypothesis (PLACO).

201 A null hypothesis probability threshold of 5% was chosen (

202 Many recent studies have used tests of the null hypothesis Q(ST) = F(ST) to identify diversifying o

203 Positive reports were defined as P < 0.05, null hypothesis rejected; negative reports defined as P

204 age period between exposures, even under the null hypothesis, resulting in a systematic downward bias

205 hing and many research reports focus on the 'null hypothesis significance test'.

206 However, contrary to null hypothesis significance testing (NHST) logic, the m

207 Results obtained by traditional null hypothesis significance testing and Bayesians stati

208 Without discarding the culture of null hypothesis significance testing and implementing th

209 In addition, the culture of null hypothesis significance testing discourages quantit

210 n of results for further evaluation based on null hypothesis significance testing is doomed to yield

211 s a primary culprit, which is the culture of null hypothesis significance testing that dominates stat

212 circumscribed discoveries, typically through null hypothesis significance testing.

213 bility in science stem from our "culture" of null hypothesis significance testing.

214 alue, aggregate peptide intensities, perform null hypothesis significance tests and select the most l

215 ditional alpha = 0.05 significance level for null hypothesis significance tests makes assumptions abo

216 As commonly misused, null-hypothesis significance testing combines these cogn

217 The null hypothesis specified a complete response rate of le

218 A null-hypothesis test yields a probability of at most P =

219 ggests alpha = 2/3, we consider this to be a null hypothesis testable by empirical studies.

220 Null-hypothesis testing is also discussed.

221 e then use network modelling and statistical null-hypothesis testing to show the presence of non-rand

222 Results allowed us to reject the null hypothesis that a radiation independent of phase pr

223 distribution of the test statistic under the null hypothesis that a trajectory does not exist.

224 We rejected the null hypothesis that allelic variation in the region of

225 t render them unconvincing for rejecting the null hypothesis that alpha = 2/3.

226 o fill this gap in literature by testing the null hypothesis that BP measurement does not vary accord

227 With a Wilcoxon signed rank procedure, the null hypothesis that comfort ratings were symmetric abou

228 e used generalized linear models to test the null hypothesis that conditions favorable for recruitmen

229 specified noninferiority margin of -15%, the null hypothesis that cSEMS is less effective than plasti

230 The results of the experiments support the null hypothesis that differences among individuals in th

231 med using point process methods, testing the null hypothesis that disease risk does not vary spatiall

232 We rejected the null hypothesis that efavirenz is inferior to ritonavir-

233 sue is that unconsciousness is typically the null hypothesis that evidence of awareness will not emer

234 GSNCA tests the null hypothesis that for a gene set there is no differen

235 According to our analysis, the null hypothesis that glacial terminations are independen

236 a convenient mathematical structure for the null hypothesis that however results in both poor detect

237 of 1.08; therefore, we could not reject the null hypothesis that ibandronic acid was inferior to zol

238 ishing a [Formula: see text] value under the null hypothesis that it was chosen from a stationary dis

239 A chi-square test rejects the null hypothesis that membrane protein and soluble protei

240 Most inference methods are based on the null hypothesis that natural selection is a weak or infr

241 xpected during the holiday period, using the null hypothesis that natural-cause mortality is unaffect

242 rved score with the expected score under the null hypothesis that only nuclear autosomal mutations ar

243 etic evidence that statistically rejects the null hypothesis that our species descends from a single,

244 n signed rank procedure was used to test the null hypothesis that ratings were symmetric at about a s

245 Both tests used the same null hypothesis that risk of disease does not vary spati

246 ical tree Corythophora alta, we rejected the null hypothesis that seed and pollen gene flow rates are

247 In this study, we tested the null hypothesis that spaceflight does not impair human b

248 g to reject alternative views, including the null hypothesis that species richness has simply had mor

249 This project tested the null hypothesis that such smear layers are totally remov

250 evaluable patients were required to test the null hypothesis that the area under the curve of percent

251 el analysis of variance was used to test the null hypothesis that the difference in population mean s

252 eneficial mutations, focusing on testing the null hypothesis that the distribution is exponential.

253 rican great apes, we were able to reject the null hypothesis that the divergence time in the coding s

254 If the null hypothesis that the genetic distances for isolates

255 We tested the null hypothesis that the observed age distribution of re

256 We find that we are unable to reject the null hypothesis that the protein-family sizes of these s

257 two-stage minimax rule was used to test the null hypothesis that the response rate is <or= 40% again

258 It was not possible to reject the null hypothesis that the sequence variation observed in

259 significant at [Formula: see text] under the null hypothesis that the state was chosen from a station

260 This observation motivates the null hypothesis that the Y will be a minor contributor t

261 For instance, some methods test the null hypothesis that there is colocalization, which is n

262 ociation tests should be conducted under the null hypothesis that there is linkage but no association

263 nge of association test statistics under the null hypothesis that there is linkage but no association

264 5% confidence limits were calculated, with a null hypothesis that there is no difference between the

265 This study tested the null hypothesis that there is no difference in nano-dyna

266 The null hypothesis that there is no tendency for exchangeab

267 In Stage 2, the pre-specified primary null hypothesis that this dose is superior to placebo wa

268 Therefore, the null hypothesis (that </= 15% of this patient population

269 produced summary estimates in support of the null hypothesis (that HS does not affect LOS).

270 Under the null hypothesis, that the SSBs are randomly distributed

271 The null hypothesis, that there is no difference between the

272 velop a simple method to test an alternative null hypothesis: that lineage-specific genes do have hom

273 es the statistical procedures of testing the null hypothesis: that the coefficient of correlation/reg

274 how that PB-based topology tests that use as null hypothesis the most likely tree congruent with a pr

275 The analysis of variance shows that the null hypothesis (the mean value of a group of GC content

276 Furthermore, we show that (i) under the null hypothesis, the limiting distribution of the gLOD i

277 Although it is not possible to prove a null hypothesis, there are no epidemiologic, serologic,

278 nd degrees-of-freedom are computed, allowing null-hypothesis thresholding at high levels of confidenc

279 factor and a disease requires a more complex null hypothesis, thus offering additional methodological

280 mmals suggests adaptation, the seldom-tested null hypothesis to explain trait divergence is genetic d

281 e observed rate ratio (r) is unbiased at the null hypothesis (true rate ratio R = 1), negatively bias

282 est on log-transformed costs tests the wrong null hypothesis unless variances in the log-scale are eq

283 Under the null hypothesis, use of the HBSP gave results that retai

284 The primary null hypothesis was equal probability of objective respo

285 For each performance statistic, the null hypothesis was rejected at the [Formula: see text]

286 ly and in samples without silicon; thus, the null hypothesis was rejected.

287 population mortality variations, an overall null hypothesis was tested: variations in primary health

288 The null hypothesis was that there is no statistically signi

289 Our null hypothesis was that there would be no difference in

290 The canonical Akt activation model (the null hypothesis) was unable to recapitulate the observed

291 As a test of null hypothesis, we perform the same analyses on couplet

292 If this null hypothesis were true, endophytes would represent ne

293 genomewide data set are tested against some null hypothesis, where a number of features are expected

294 sumption of uniformity of p values under the null hypothesis, which is often not true.

295 Instead, we offer a phenotypic null hypothesis, which states that genetic variance is n

296 sing the correlation coefficient to test the null-hypothesis, which avoids the costly computation of

297 Classic differential analysis assumes a null hypothesis whose test statistic is not subtype-spec

298 rather than evaluating the deviation from a null hypothesis with a P-value, it quantifies gene-set a

299 are simultaneous (with >99% rejection of the null hypothesis) with the onset of millennium-timescale

300 xpected during the holiday period, given the null hypothesis, with the number of deaths observed.