ライフサイエンスコーパス: opponency

1 ses to different wavelengths of light (color opponency).

2 sign as L and M cone inputs (i.e., no color opponency).

3 selectivity is established by radial motion opponency.

4 gnal required for computing green-blue color opponency.

5 h the midget cell surround and all chromatic opponency.

6 d postsynaptic inhibition as sources of cone opponency.

7 as inferior retina contained cells with weak opponency.

8 unctions like contrast sensitivity and color opponency.

9 sign, and both horizontal cell types lacked opponency.

10 ena such as lateral inhibition and chromatic opponency.

11 fer Dm8's UV/Vis (ultraviolet/visible light) opponency.

12 on-making quality against numerous styles of opponency.

13 we demonstrate Dm8 exhibits spatio-chromatic opponency.

14 otifs, which included three axes of spectral opponency.

15 bstantially rely on 'non-classical' rod-cone opponency.

16 iling the circuit basis for computing motion opponency.

17 uron Dm8 was recently reported to show color opponency.

18 gh antagonistic interactions, referred to as opponency.

19 led by retinal circuits to create wavelength opponency?

20 one cone system (20 of 83) or lacked spatial opponency (15 of 83).

21 , and three mechanisms absent in the BIO: an opponency across locations, a summation/opponency locati

22 e approaches to map the occurrence of colour-opponency across optogenetically identified GABAergic (G

23 ctive stimuli, have revealed widespread cone-opponency across the subcortical visual system.

24 This review considers how striatal D1 and D2 opponency allows animals to perform cost-benefit calcula

25 a, which is essential for both Dm8's spatial opponency and animals' phototactic behavior.

26 ed to generate the inhibitory surround, lack opponency and cannot contribute selective L- or M-cone i

27 We know the neural basis for colour opponency and colour contrast, and recent studies have n

28 nd M vs. L + S neurons with noncardinal cone opponency and demonstrate that cone-opponent signals in

29 be exclusively differentiated based on color opponency and dendritic morphology as previously reporte

30 arks of both color and form processing (cone opponency and orientation selectivity), and many display

31 n based on simulation of photoreceptor color opponency and visual cortex simple and complex cells.

32 cal neural circuit components-rectification, opponency, and filtering-can combine to produce selectiv

33 Surprisingly, this cone opponency appears to arise by dual excitatory cone bipol

34 Thus, red-green opponency appears to arise via outer retinal horizontal

35 Red-green (L versus M cone) opponency appears to be mediated largely by the segregat

36 edicts that spatially coincident blue-yellow opponency arises at the level of the cone output via exp

37 dendritic tree and show that L versus M cone opponency arises presynaptic to the midget cell and is t

38 ts, with the potential for trichromatic cone opponency at the first stage of human vision.

39 m and mesolimbic dopamine that harnesses the opponency between D1 and D2 medium spiny neurons(4-9) to

40 ing" the ITD sensitivity of MSO cells by the opponency between depolarizing sodium currents and hyper

41 tegy relies on a distributed neural code and opponency between excitatory and inhibitory neurons thro

42 standing circuit-level mechanisms underlying opponency between innate behaviors, with implications fo

43 This implies that the opponency between L and M is balanced and argues that th

44 was substantial variability in the degree of opponency between recording sites, the monkey and human

45 nce of action requires an enriched notion of opponency between reward and punishment.

46 recordings revealed signatures of functional opponency between the two pathways during action suppres

47 s with experimental evidence showing spatial opponency between, and similar orientation tuning of, th

48 ection-selective neurons, which achieve this opponency by subtracting signals from first-order direct

49 parvocellular neurons with pronounced colour opponency, chromatic responses were, on average, less va

50 ating that this system displays a behavioral opponency consistent with neural inhibition.

51 essing encompassing mechanisms such as color opponency, contrast enhancement, and motion detection pr

52 Our study shows spatio-chromatic opponency could arise in the early visual stage, suggest

53 nt, an organization of spatial and chromatic opponency critical for color constancy and color contras

54 both schemes are capable of producing colour opponency due to the fact that receptive field centres r

55 The apparent decline in S/M opponency from superior to inferior retina is consistent

56 This radial motion opponency generates a balance of excitation and inhibiti

57 to confirm the widespread appearance of cone-opponency (> 25% of neurons) across the mouse visual tha

58 Cells lacking spatial opponency had smaller receptive fields (0.5-0.7 degrees)

59 In flies and vertebrates, direction opponency has been observed in second-order direction-se

60 central-upper visual field.(9) Retinal color opponency has been reported to emerge from superimposing

61 Red-green spectral opponency has long been linked to the midget ganglion ce

62 rons equipped with both spatial and spectral opponency have been identified in vertebrates but not ye

63 the appropriate M vs. L + S and L vs. M + S opponency have been reported in the retina and lateral g

64 While spectral opponency in a primate RGC is classically assumed to con

65 There was strong motion opponency in a secondary visual cortical area known as t

66 Here, we report direction opponency in Drosophila that emerges in first-order dire

67 ns of opponent models suggest that direction opponency in first-order motion detectors improves motio

68 To determine whether the level of opponency in human and monkey are comparable, a variant

69 nt cell types, paves the way for engineering opponency in neurons that mediate opposing functions.

70 T+), but there was little evidence of motion opponency in primary visual cortex.

71 Yet linking cone opponency in the nonhuman primate retina to color mechan

72 s center-surround receptive fields and color opponency in the retina.

73 n shown to contribute to "blue-yellow" color opponency in the retinal circuitry.

74 ssary because a complete account of the cone opponency in the retinal output is critical for understa

75 This procedure predicted centre colour opponency in transient suppressed-by-contrast (tSbC) RGC

76 half of RGCs display diverse forms of color opponency, including many that are driven by a pervasive

77 eptors in macaque monkey, that "blue-yellow" opponency is already present in the center-surround rece

78 Red-green spectral opponency is consistent with random connections in centr

79 ved the controversial issue of how chromatic opponency is constructed at a neuronal level.

80 Furthermore, we found that color-opponency is especially pronounced in posterior V1 that

81 Blue-yellow (S versus L+M cone) opponency is mediated by a growing family of low-density

82 The circuitry for spectral opponency is now being investigated using an in vitro pr

83 Such valence opponency is relevant in critical behavioral contexts in

84 Strikingly, throughout, we find S-ON/M-OFF opponency is specifically enriched in non-GABAergic cell

85 However, the synaptic origin of red-green opponency is unknown, and conflicting evidence for eithe

86 Spectral opponency is well established in primate retinal ganglio

87 : an opponency across locations, a summation/opponency location combination, and interaction with the

88 lls in colour vision and suggest that colour opponency may instead be conveyed by a different type of

89 e temporal responsiveness of L-M and S-(L+M) opponency mechanisms.

90 dea that they are largely determined by cone-opponency mechanisms.

91 Thus, departing from the opponency model, our results support a beneficial role o

92 Accordingly, the cone opponency necessary for color appearance is thought to b

93 We speculate that opponency neurons might mediate coherent percepts when d

94 a robust class of models that rely on ocular opponency neurons, previously proposed as a mechanism fo

95 en spectral tuning peaks (allowing the color opponency of the visual system to distinguish between pe

96 This opponency persists when synaptic output from these cells

97 ells, but the retinal circuitry creating the opponency remains uncertain.

98 an clock display the cone-dependent spectral opponency required to make use of this information.

99 driven by the ON channel and that chromatic opponency results from M-cone-driven surround inhibition

100 glion cells suggests that red-green spectral opponency results when connections segregate input from

101 For blue versus yellow opponency, the antagonism is first evident at a ganglion

102 In accordance with cone-based colour opponency, the giant cells project to the lateral genicu

103 tput neurons of the retina, exhibit spectral opponency; they are excited by some wavelengths and inhi

104 uits mediate an orderly transition from cone-opponency to color appearance that begins in V1.

105 tinctive functional characteristic-chromatic opponency (ultraviolet excitatory, green inhibitory).

106 We tested for a neuronal correlate of motion opponency using functional magnetic resonance imaging (f

107 m outer retinal circuits, we exploited color opponency; UV cones exhibit intrinsic Off-response to bl

108 ncy with morphology; nor is it known whether opponency varies with the opsin gradients.

109 This led to a new axis of spectral opponency where red-, green-, and blue-cone "Off" circui

110 contained cells with strong S+/M- and M+/S- opponency, whereas inferior retina contained cells with

111 no direct evidence links this physiological opponency with morphology; nor is it known whether oppon

112 uggest a revised model of dopamine-serotonin opponency with potential clinical implications.

113 crease from horizontal to ganglion cell, and opponency would remain strong in peripheral retina.