ライフサイエンスコーパス: oral contraceptive

1 of hypertension, smoking status, and use of oral contraceptives.

2 effectively reduce the symptoms, as can some oral contraceptives.

3 -mass index, alcohol consumption, and use of oral contraceptives.

4 ity may reduce the biologic effectiveness of oral contraceptives.

5 s conceptions that occurred while women used oral contraceptives.

6 The majority of women choose combined oral contraceptives.

7 cation of polyps after the administration of oral contraceptives.

8 rofiles versus currently available steroidal oral contraceptives.

9 nd it may be limited to women who do not use oral contraceptives.

10 e similar for women who did and did not take oral contraceptives.

11 ast cancer among former and current users of oral contraceptives.

12 esidence, low body mass index, and no use of oral contraceptives.

13 race/ethnicity, employment, and prior use of oral contraceptives.

14 sociation was found in women who did not use oral contraceptives.

15 significant up to 35 years after last use of oral contraceptives.

16 s that address adherence problems noted with oral contraceptives.

17 strong risk factor for CVT in women who use oral contraceptives.

18 ant's mother, age at hysterectomy, or use of oral contraceptives.

19 ne contraception; most counseling focused on oral contraceptives.

20 .1; Pheterogeneity compared with using other oral contraceptives = 0.004) was associated with particu

21 ) metformin vs placebo or estrogen-progestin oral contraceptives, (3) insulin-sensitizing agents, and

22 sed Depo-Provera, patch, or ring; 22.4% used oral contraceptives; 40.8% used condoms; 11.8% used with

23 s (75%), contraceptive injections (57%), and oral contraceptives (51%).

24 lare, occurred in 7 of 91 subjects receiving oral contraceptives (7.7 percent) as compared with 7 of

25 33 [71.5%] vs 3220 [52.5%]), more often used oral contraceptives (97 [72.9%] vs 758 [23.5%] of women)

26 May 1, 1968, and July 31, 1974, who had used oral contraceptives, a diaphragm, or an intrauterine dev

27 Oral contraceptives (adjusted relative risk [RR], 2.02 [

28 A, and the wide-spread clinical use of EE as oral contraceptive adjuvant, the impact of these estroge

29 were similar: 0.084 for the group receiving oral contraceptives and 0.087 for the placebo group (P=0

30 8 to 1.3) for women who were currently using oral contraceptives and 0.9 (95 percent confidence inter

31 lares per person-year for subjects receiving oral contraceptives and 1.44 flares per person-year for

32 Previous studies of oral contraceptives and breast cancer indicate that rece

33 , particularly in relation to the effects of oral contraceptives and changes in sexual behaviour.

34 ical cancer is increased in current users of oral contraceptives and declines after use ceases.

35 atic cancer for users of exogenous hormones (oral contraceptives and ERT), results did not show a con

36 n women with migraine who are using combined oral contraceptives and have additional risk factors tha

37 Both oral contraceptives and hormonal therapy for menopause c

38 tradiol, is prescribed commonly and found in oral contraceptives and hormone replacement therapies.

39 y, income, body mass index, diabetes, use of oral contraceptives and hormone replacement therapy amon

40 ity, number of full-term pregnancies, use of oral contraceptives and hormone replacement therapy, and

41 ment of women who had migraine with combined oral contraceptives and hormone replacement therapy, as

42 and are influenced by the administration of oral contraceptives and hormone replacement therapy.

43 eased with age, income, and long-term use of oral contraceptives and increased with number of sexual

44 After adjustment for oral contraceptives and other factors, current smokers w

45 Oral contraceptives and pregnancies had a significantly

46 a statistical association between the use of oral contraceptives and return of menstrual cycle, which

47 ine with aura, young age, female sex, use of oral contraceptives and smoking habits.

48 A similar debate about oral contraceptives and stroke risk in young women conti

49 und between premenopausal volunteers free of oral contraceptives and those who used oral contraceptiv

50 hanges in nevi during pregnancy, while using oral contraceptives and/or hormone replacement therapy.

51 ) LARC (intrauterine device or implant), (2) oral contraceptives, and (3) Depo-Provera, patch, or rin

52 al delivery 15 years earlier, was not taking oral contraceptives, and had no history to suggest past

53 ad regular menstrual cycles, were not taking oral contraceptives, and had not breastfed or been pregn

54 atural menopause, while parity, prior use of oral contraceptives, and Japanese race/ethnicity were as

55 che and menopause, menopausal status, use of oral contraceptives, and menopausal hormone therapy) and

56 ion of use of hormone replacement therapy or oral contraceptives, and no association with previous us

57 R was slightly stronger among women who used oral contraceptives, and the association remained null i

58 king proliferative estrogen signaling (i.e., oral contraceptives/antagonization of human gonadotropin

59 ug interactions, however, in patients taking oral contraceptives, antivirals, or immunosuppressants.

60 Combined oral contraceptives are classified by the International

61 Although oral contraceptives are protective for ovarian cancer, i

62 Oral contraceptives are rarely prescribed for women with

63 Although most women using oral contraceptives are reliably protected against pregn

64 Oral contraceptives are the most popular reversible meth

65 The role of vitamin D and oral contraceptives as modifiers of disease risk remains

66 e each year approximately 3% of women taking oral contraceptives become pregnant.

67 Intake of oral contraceptives (beta, 0.150; 95% CI, 0.0649 to 0.23

68 Tamoxifen, oral contraceptives, bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, ma

69 viral types increased with parity and use of oral contraceptives but not with injectable progestogens

70 (12% of the total) seemed little affected by oral contraceptives, but otherwise the proportional risk

71 Use of oral contraceptives by women with a family history of br

72 idence presented in our study, we argue that oral contraceptives can dramatically reduce women's risk

73 Treatment with combined oral contraceptives can help women with acne.

74 Oral contraceptives can reduce the risk of ovarian cance

75 Short-acting contraception methods (eg, oral contraceptives) can be used as a temporary bridge t

76 norethisterone enanthate (Net-En), combined oral contraceptives (COC) or etonorgesterol/ethinyl estr

77 = 13) or levonorgestrel-containing combined oral contraceptives (COC, n = 12), and from women not us

78 nce of HIV infection in women using combined oral contraceptives (COCs) or the injectable progestins

79 rding to sexual activity and use of combined oral contraceptives (COCs), with highest rates reported

80 ger duration and more recent use of combined oral contraceptives (COCs).

81 Current treatments include oral contraceptives combined with nonsteroidal anti-infl

82 Use of oral contraceptives confers long-term protection against

83 the subgroups of women starting combination oral contraceptives containing both estrogen and progest

84 Our study indicates that oral contraceptives do not increase the risk of flare am

85 t (P = .0065), and in women who did not take oral contraceptives during chemotherapy (P = .0002).

86 rrhea: age, treatment, stage, and the use of oral contraceptives during chemotherapy.

87 The women reported whether they took oral contraceptives during their teens, twenties, and th

88 usual menstrual cycle length when not using oral contraceptives during these decades.

89 besity plays a biologically relevant role in oral contraceptive effectiveness.

90 ential triggers included estrogen-containing oral contraceptives (eOC), hormonal replacement therapy,

91 = 30 vs. 18.5-24.9) had an increased risk of oral contraceptive failure (hazard ratio = 1.59, 95% con

92 to further investigate the potential obesity-oral contraceptive failure association using 2002 Nation

93 ) was derived from self-reported values, and oral contraceptive failure was defined as conceptions th

94 udy found no association between obesity and oral contraceptive failure.

95 However, for women using oral contraceptives for >5 years, the rate ratio for ova

96 ts with CD receiving the combination type of oral contraceptives for at least 1 year, 1 extra surgery

97 Women take oral contraceptives for contraception but also for menst

98 following the development of hormonal-based oral contraceptives for women has had a major impact on

99 ases and 32,717 (37%) controls had ever used oral contraceptives, for average durations among users o

100 eported use and did not examine contemporary oral contraceptive formulations.

101 10 years' use of oral contraceptives from around age 20 to 30 years is es

102 omen and women who reported ever having used oral contraceptives had a decreased risk of glioma.

103 Current use of oral contraceptives had a significantly protective effec

104 ents (age range, 15-19 years) using combined oral contraceptives had an RR of a first use of an antid

105 Compared with nonusers, users of combined oral contraceptives had an RR of first use of an antidep

106 Women who had ever used oral contraceptives had increased mortality from cervica

107 Current users of oral contraceptives had poorer periodontal health.

108 Women who had used oral contraceptives had significantly lower risk of inte

109 Oral contraceptives had some adverse effect on deaths fr

110 the persistence of effects long after use of oral contraceptives has ceased.

111 These findings suggest that oral contraceptives have already prevented some 200,000

112 n, and pack-years), alcohol, family history, oral contraceptive, hormones, physical activity, and die

113 to 2 clinical studies and found to act as an oral contraceptive in combination with a progestin, with

114 CC is evident in young noncirrhotic users of oral contraceptives in the United States and Europe.

115 This paper addresses the use of combined oral contraceptives in women older than 35 years of age,

116 There is no contraindication to the use of oral contraceptives in women with migraine in the absenc

117 ity, use of hormone replacement therapy, and oral contraceptives in women.

118 tion, the RR estimates for users of combined oral contraceptives increased to 1.7 (95% CI, 1.66-1.71)

119 It is uncertain whether the use of an oral contraceptive increases the risk of breast cancer l

120 +/- 7.5 vs 19.2 years +/- 9.2; P = .001) of oral contraceptive intake.

121 Recent use of oral contraceptives involving high-dose estrogen (OR, 2.

122 ults suggest that recent use of contemporary oral contraceptives is associated with an increased brea

123 nylestradiol (EE2), a synthetic oestrogen in oral contraceptives, is one of many pharmaceuticals foun

124 - to 2.0-fold increased risk; current use of oral contraceptives, nulliparity, and age 30 years or ol

125 Oral contraceptive (OC) pills are effective, but poor co

126 minus age at menarche, subtracting years of oral contraceptive (OC) use and 1 year per pregnancy.

127 revious findings on the associations between oral contraceptive (OC) use and reproductive factors and

128 We evaluated the associations of oral contraceptive (OC) use and reproductive factors wit

129 Oral contraceptive (OC) use has been consistently linked

130 Oral contraceptive (OC) use has been linked to increased

131 ausal women) minus age at menarche, years of oral contraceptive (OC) use, and one year per pregnancy.

132 ng women and how these risks are affected by oral contraceptive (OC) use.

133 Total IgA and IgG levels were higher among oral contraceptive (OC) users than among naturally cycli

134 Oral contraceptives (OC) have historically been consider

135 ence suggests that use of high-dose combined oral contraceptives (OCs) (containing >50 microg of estr

136 Oral contraceptives (OCs) affect the risk of several can

137 Use of oral contraceptives (OCs) may prevent the development of

138 tatus can occur in a subset of women who use oral contraceptives (OCs) with uncertain metabolic conse

139 eptive hormones, most commonly prescribed as oral contraceptives (OCs), are a widely utilized method

140 Use of exogenous hormones, in the form of oral contraceptives (OCs), has been linked consistently

141 ity to be exposed, such as men in studies on oral contraceptives (OCs).

142 reduced risk was associated with ever use of oral contraceptives (odds ratio = 0.54 (95% confidence i

143 al, we prospectively evaluated the effect of oral contraceptives on lupus activity in premenopausal w

144 esults suggest that the beneficial effect of oral contraceptives on ovarian cancer risk attenuates af

145 counsel about LARC even before suggesting an oral contraceptive or another less effective contracepti

146 sociated with PMS was not modified by use of oral contraceptives or antidepressants but was attenuate

147 er was stronger for women who had never used oral contraceptives or ERT (odds ratio = 11.5, 95% confi

148 colorectal cancer is reduced among users of oral contraceptives or menopausal hormone therapy, but a

149 e observation in women that long-term use of oral contraceptives or multiple pregnancies significantl

150 , which can be managed with short courses of oral contraceptives or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory dr

151 rdiovascular disease; or history of aspirin, oral contraceptive, or hormone replacement therapy.

152 en during pregnancy, after administration of oral contraceptives, or during postmenopausal replacemen

153 atification revealed that, in women who used oral contraceptives, overweight and obesity were associa

154 ee of oral contraceptives and those who used oral contraceptives (P = .28-0.82) and between premenopa

155 y, diet, smoking, alcohol intake, and use of oral contraceptives (per 1-unit increase in BMI, mean di

156 Whether other factors such as diet, oral contraceptives, perinatal/childhood infections, or

157 l and international debate occurred when the oral contraceptive pill ("the Pill" or "OCP") was approv

158 ed hazard ratio [aHR], 0.6; 95% CI, .4-1.2), oral contraceptive pill (aHR, 0.8; 95% CI, .3-2.1), nor

159 kg(-1) ) women taking a combined, monophasic oral contraceptive pill (OCP) (>=12 months) during exerc

160 t completely resolved after cessation of the oral contraceptive pill (OCP) and associated adenoma reg

161 amine the associations between sex hormones, oral contraceptive pill (OCP) use, systemic inflammation

162 etes chronically take a combined, monophasic oral contraceptive pill (OCP).

163 interaction effects on risk existed between oral contraceptive pill use or pregnancy and family hist

164 Among anovulation factors, prolonged oral contraceptive pill use provided a greater protectiv

165 tivity attenuated the inverse association of oral contraceptive pill use with risk.

166 ohol, but not for diabetes mellitus, cancer, oral contraceptive pill use, surgical menopause, hormone

167 n premenopausal females were not matched for oral contraceptive pill use.

168 ied with sex and 66 molecules varied between oral contraceptive pill users, postmenopausal females, a

169 gnosis, smoking history, or prior use of the oral contraceptive pill.

170 inal rings (CCVR; NuvaRing(R)), and combined oral contraceptive pills (COCPs) on cervical Th17 cells

171 vaginal rings (CCVR; NuvaRing), and combined oral contraceptive pills (COCPs) on cervical Th17 cells

172 asing intrauterine device (LNG-IUD; n = 27), oral contraceptive pills (n = 32), or no hormonal contra

173 To evaluate the effect of oral contraceptive pills (OCP) on the macula, the retina

174 Oral contraceptive pills (OCPs) have been associated wit

175 e of an increased HIV risk in ten studies of oral contraceptive pills (pooled HR 1.00, 0.86-1.16) or

176 City, New York, USA) and, perhaps, low-dose oral contraceptive pills can have adverse effects on ado

177 lipidaemia, lipid profile, parity and use of oral contraceptive pills in females, smoking and alcohol

178 The use of combined hormonal oral contraceptive pills is a well-known acquired risk f

179 men for factor V Leiden prior to prescribing oral contraceptive pills is not a cost-effective use of

180 Most of the studies that assessed the use of oral contraceptive pills showed no significant associati

181 Use of oral contraceptive pills was protective.

182 quisition", "injectables", "progestin", and "oral contraceptive pills".

183 esent a substantial advance from traditional oral contraceptive pills, to improve upon safety, effici

184 r commonly prescribed contraceptive methods (oral contraceptive pills, transdermal patch, contracepti

185 tables, and seven also reported findings for oral contraceptive pills.

186 o carry the factor V Leiden mutation and use oral contraceptive pills.

187 In contrast, ethynyl beta-estradiol (an oral contraceptive) potentiates both human and rat alpha

188 Factors that induced anovulation, including oral contraceptives, pregnancy, and breastfeeding, were

189 re common in women than men, and exposure to oral contraceptive steroids and conjugated estrogens inc

190 the stimulation of lamotrigine metabolism by oral contraceptive steroids and the inhibition of carbam

191 robial, and cardiovascular drugs, as well as oral contraceptive steroids.

192 As compared with nonuse, current use of oral contraceptives that included ethinyl estradiol at a

193 was increased by a factor of 0.9 to 1.7 with oral contraceptives that included ethinyl estradiol at a

194 Among current users of oral contraceptives the risk of invasive cervical cancer

195 The longer that women had used oral contraceptives, the greater the reduction in ovaria

196 rol for age, smoking status, and past use of oral contraceptives, the median time to menopause increa

197 In the group that was randomized to receive oral contraceptives, there was one deep venous thrombosi

198 Prescribed oral contraceptives to regulate her menses and help redu

199 tes were randomly assigned to receive either oral contraceptives (triphasic ethinyl estradiol at a do

200 breast cancer risk associated with different oral contraceptive types could impact discussions weighi

201 A longer duration of oral contraceptive use (>/=10 years of use compared with

202 s immediately (<=2 years) after discontinued oral contraceptive use (HR = 1.55; 95% CI, 1.06-2.28), w

203 nsillectomy (CD), antibiotic exposure (IBD), oral contraceptive use (IBD), consumption of soft drinks

204 Heterogeneity was observed with oral contraceptive use (P (interaction) = 0.03), where t

205 (P for trend = 0.02) and increasing years of oral contraceptive use (P for trend = 0.02).

206 , 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.4-3.2), oral contraceptive use (pooled RR 1.5, 95% CI 1.1-2.1),

207 I: 0.41, 0.73) for noncarriers), duration of oral contraceptive use (risk reduction per year = 13% (p

208 Recent oral contraceptive use (within the prior year) was assoc

209 or LOC components: number of pregnancies and oral contraceptive use [1.08 (1.04-1.12)].

210 isk significantly decreased with duration of oral contraceptive use [per five-year increments OR ESR2

211 re this, the authors examined the history of oral contraceptive use among 1322 Black women and White

212 the time-dependent effects between long-term oral contraceptive use and cancer risk.

213 Current oral contraceptive use and elective abortion were not as

214 Oral contraceptive use and hormone replacement therapy w

215 study, we compared mortality in relation to oral contraceptive use and smoking to highlight the diff

216 at first livebirth, waist-to-hip ratio, and oral contraceptive use did not differ by hormone recepto

217 story of menorrhagia, which was managed with oral contraceptive use for 20 years; this was stopped in

218 for age, sex, race, parental education, and oral contraceptive use found a significant positive rela

219 risk persisted for more than 30 years after oral contraceptive use had ceased but became somewhat at

220 Oral contraceptive use has been suggested to influence t

221 Oral contraceptive use indicated a lower risk of all NHL

222 Detailed oral contraceptive use information was ascertained from

223 There was no harmful effect of oral contraceptive use on overall mortality.

224 MH use or duration, time since last PMH use, oral contraceptive use or duration, age at menarche, age

225 otentiation by combined estrogen/progestogen oral contraceptive use or pregnancy.

226 variables measured included age, race, prior oral contraceptive use or progesterone treatment, prior

227 The prevalence of oral contraceptive use strictly for medical problems was

228 ssociations of HPV with recent pregnancy and oral contraceptive use suggest that hormonal factors may

229 univariate analysis found HIV infection and oral contraceptive use to be associated with the amount

230 served associations with age at menarche and oral contraceptive use warrant further investigation.

231 lative risk of ovarian cancer in relation to oral contraceptive use was estimated, stratifying by stu

232 Duration of oral contraceptive use was inversely associated with ris

233 increasing parity and increasing duration of oral contraceptive use were associated with decreased ri

234 origin, study site, parity, and duration of oral contraceptive use were included in all analytical m

235 Higher educational level, prior oral contraceptive use, and higher weight at baseline, a

236 Conversely, breastfeeding, oral contraceptive use, and late age at first pregnancy

237 le fractions associated with tubal ligation, oral contraceptive use, and obesity were markedly higher

238 ng studies with adjustment for smoking, BMI, oral contraceptive use, and parity, compared to studies

239 Smoking, oral contraceptive use, and report of a new male sex par

240 years, age at menarche, age at first birth, oral contraceptive use, bilateral oophorectomy, estrogen

241 uration of breastfeeding, menopausal status, oral contraceptive use, body mass index, and the time be

242 modeling, with adjustment for age, smoking, oral contraceptive use, body mass index, menopausal stat

243 Parity, oral contraceptive use, cigarette smoking, age at menarc

244 Early age at menarche, oral contraceptive use, early age at menopause, surgical

245 n was found between age at menarche, parity, oral contraceptive use, estrogen replacement therapy (ER

246 alyses adjusted for age, menopause type, and oral contraceptive use, ever use of estrogen only was si

247 parity/age at first birth, age at menarche, oral contraceptive use, family history of breast or ovar

248 ariants available to serve as proxies (e.g., oral contraceptive use, hormone replacement therapy), an

249 a questionnaire obtaining information about oral contraceptive use, hormone replacement therapy, rep

250 vity, smoking, physical activity, menopause, oral contraceptive use, hormone therapy, and field cente

251 varian cancer were observed with duration of oral contraceptive use, later age at last use, and more

252 usal status, age at menopause, BMI, smoking, oral contraceptive use, MHT use, and an interaction term

253 BMI and MHT use; the ovarian model included oral contraceptive use, MHT use, and family history or b

254 ups resembled each other closely in terms of oral contraceptive use, nulliparity, and religion and di

255 the strongest risk predictors, pregnancy and oral contraceptive use, occur in most women in their twe

256 ly affected by phase of the menstrual cycle, oral contraceptive use, or early pregnancy.

257 n parity, age at first birth, breastfeeding, oral contraceptive use, or ever use of postmenopausal ho

258 ved with age at menarche, parity, lactation, oral contraceptive use, or female hormone use.

259 ndently influenced by menstrual cycle phase, oral contraceptive use, or plasma estradiol level.

260 ed whether postmenopausal hormone (PMH) use, oral contraceptive use, parity, and other reproductive f

261 weight, waist circumference, alcohol intake, oral contraceptive use, physical activity, short pregnan

262 Age at menarche, oral contraceptive use, pregnancy, parity, age at first

263 radox can be broadened (ie, the risk factors oral contraceptive use, pregnancy, puerperium, minor leg

264 2.75; P = 0.003), adjusted for age, parity, oral contraceptive use, site of study, and family histor

265 to make more informed decisions considering oral contraceptive use, thus constituting an important s

266 oup for the modifiable factors of pregnancy, oral contraceptive use, tubal ligation, and body mass in

267 ian cancer risk is inversely associated with oral contraceptive use, tubal ligation, and childbearing

268 have similar risk reductions associated with oral contraceptive use, tubal ligation, and parity.

269 rying degrees, smoking, alcohol consumption, oral contraceptive use, vasectomy and induced abortion a

270 birth year and adjusted for age, parity, and oral contraceptive use, we assessed associations for all

271 ppressing ovulation, including pregnancy and oral contraceptive use, were inversely associated with t

272 on between cervical carcinoma and pattern of oral contraceptive use.

273 ake, multivitamin use, menopausal status, or oral contraceptive use.

274 nobese group (P < 0.05) after adjustment for oral contraceptive use.

275 ng number of livebirths and with duration of oral contraceptive use.

276 , age at menarche, number of livebirths, and oral contraceptive use.

277 ry of cancer, ethnicity, smoking status, and oral contraceptive use.

278 of breast cancer, nor was the initiation of oral-contraceptive use at a young age.

279 rom 35 to 64 years of age, current or former oral-contraceptive use was not associated with a signifi

280 60% less likely to use condoms compared with oral contraceptive users (adjusted prevalence ratio [aPR

281 or more recent sexual partners compared with oral contraceptive users (aPR, 2.61; 95% CI, 1.75-3.90)

282 ed in analyses of menstrual function because oral contraceptive users are excluded.

283 of cycle characteristics caused by excluding oral contraceptive users from analyses of menstrual func

284 than those of comparably aged men, and most oral contraceptive users had plasma PLP < 20 nmol/L.

285 isk of ovarian cancer was reduced by 40% for oral contraceptive users overall, with longer duration o

286 Analyses limited to oral contraceptive users showed that duration was a more

287 k, regardless of tumor aggressiveness, while oral contraceptive users were at decreased risk of only

288 periportal location is specifically found in oral contraceptive users, associated with an inflammator

289 non-Hispanic blacks, and current and former oral contraceptive users.

290 intercourse without one and (2) among female oral-contraceptive users than among sexually active nonu

291 rate ratio for death in women who ever used oral contraceptives was 0.89 (95% CI 0.77-1.02).

292 Registry of Ireland revealed that the use of oral contraceptives was associated with a decreased need

293 Having used oral contraceptives was associated with a lower risk of

294 In high-income countries, 10 years use of oral contraceptives was estimated to reduce ovarian canc

295 creening women prior to prescribing combined oral contraceptives was the least cost-effective strateg

296 Oral contraceptives were introduced almost 50 years ago,

297 eas other types, including low-dose estrogen oral contraceptives, were not (OR, 1.0; 95% CI, 0.6-1.7)

298 In particular, differences in use of oral contraceptives (which it was not possible to contro

299 Although past studies have shown that oral contraceptives with 50 microg or more of estrogen r

300 s a synthetic progestin increasingly used in oral contraceptives with similar effects to progesterone