ライフサイエンスコーパス: osmosis

1 ges to induce liquid crystal-enabled electro-osmosis.

2 be a next generation membrane for engineered osmosis.

3 ge and viscous drag forces caused by electro-osmosis.

4 ld a next generation membrane for engineered osmosis.

5 for treatment of brackish water than reverse osmosis.

6 this in turn drives water transport by local osmosis.

7 nd Cl(-) transport and the water flux due to osmosis.

8 sed on Hulett's view, the only valid view of osmosis.

9 ial organic solvent mixtures through reverse osmosis.

10 By contrast, AQP1 plays no role in colloid osmosis.

11 ne tension that can passively change through osmosis.

12 olid/liquid (membrane) for pervaporation and osmosis.

13 , resulting in ion influx and water entry by osmosis.

14 involves a competition between phoresis and osmosis.

15 mportant osmolyte to regulate their cellular osmosis.

16 tly it would yield relatively large rates of osmosis.

17 hermodynamic efficiencies similar to reverse osmosis.

18 anced Treatment trains incorporating reverse osmosis.

19 kinetically selective organic liquid reverse osmosis.

20 nt activation of active epithelia secretion; osmosis accounts for only ~50% of the effect.

21 Pushing the fundamental understanding of osmosis allows one to propose new perspectives for diffe

22 transport phenomenon: the so-called diffusio-osmosis and -phoresis, whose consequences are presently

23 luding nanofiltration, flocculation, reverse osmosis and adsorptive methods using insoluble materials

24 s research has demonstrated that the reverse osmosis and advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) used to

25 r discussing the kidney filtration process); osmosis and energy harvesting (in particular, osmotic po

26 crater have included evaporite dissolution, osmosis and evaporation from heating associated with the

27 Because of this observation, reverse osmosis and FO tests that are commonly used for measurin

28 lobal and unifying view of the phenomenon of osmosis and its consequences with a multi-disciplinary p

29 pores in polymeric membranes such as reverse osmosis and nanofiltration membranes are highly tortuous

30 connectivity on the permeability of reverse osmosis and nanofiltration membranes, particularly when

31 cropollutant removal efficiencies of reverse osmosis and nanofiltration membranes.

32 s with nanoporous membranes, such as reverse osmosis and nanofiltration, play a vital role in address

33 fluent, two types of recycled water (reverse osmosis and ozonation/activated carbon filtration), stor

34 ing energy from sea water: pressure-retarded osmosis and reverse electrodialysis.

35 Fouling experiments in both forward osmosis and reverse osmosis modes are performed with thr

36 gmaurea) was measured by independent induced osmosis and solvent drag methods.

37 are consistent with the theory of diffuisio-osmosis and strong enough to enable DNA translocations t

38 Hulett's understanding of osmosis and the means by which the water was altered by

39 mpulse conduction that appear to result from osmosis and to indicate accumulation of ions in the peri

40 oplastics that are commonly used for reverse osmosis and water purification membranes, medical equipm

41 procedures (humic acid, fulvic acid, reverse osmosis) and diverse origins (aquatic and terrestrial) a

42 sis, UV-degradation, nanofiltration, reverse osmosis, and adsorption has been used for their remediat

43 e to those based on microfiltration, reverse osmosis, and advanced oxidation (MF/RO/AOP) for the pota

44 st physical principles of electroneutrality, osmosis, and conservation of particles or a combination

45 xchange membranes (namely, co-ion transport, osmosis, and electro-osmosis) can detrimentally lower ef

46 The applications of osmosis are also obviously considerable and span very di

47 Evaporation, pervaporation, and forward osmosis are processes leading to a mass transfer of solv

48 ration through activated carbon, and reverse osmosis as efficient removal tools for HMSA precursors,

49 cyanin content of raw, reconstituted forward osmosis as well as reconstituted thermally evaporated po

50 s kinds of mechanical stresses, e.g., due to osmosis, bacterial penetration, coughing, and gastric pe

51 e study of fluid transport, shows that local osmosis best accounts for water movement.

52 challenge, as their growth is influenced by osmosis, buoyancy, and reaction-diffusion processes.

53 Yet if osmosis can explain some anomalies, there is no need to

54 But whether osmosis can have a significant effect on the pressure of

55 mely, co-ion transport, osmosis, and electro-osmosis) can detrimentally lower efficiency by up to 26%

56 The movement of water by osmosis causes pressure differences that drive the trans

57 mpare TEAM with desalination through reverse osmosis, cloud seeding, and forestation for precipitatio

58 minants in industrial wastewater and reverse osmosis concentrate from municipal wastewater recycling

59 t (e.g., in surface waters receiving reverse osmosis concentrate from potable water reuse projects or

60 25 mg/kg), it was concluded that the forward osmosis concentrated juices could be stored at ambient a

61 by cross-flow filtration under real reverse osmosis conditions (15 to 20 bar of applied pressure) by

62 Forward osmosis could be a method to concentrate pomegranate jui

63 esis that hypersaline discharge from reverse osmosis desalination alters temperate reef communities.

64 Additionally, reverse osmosis desalination experiments in a cross-flow system

65 Silica scaling of membranes used in reverse osmosis desalination processes is a severe problem, espe

66 e membrane filter (RCNT-MF), for the reverse osmosis desalination that can turn salt water into fresh

67 is (e.g., forward osmosis, pressure-retarded osmosis, direct osmosis) has emerged as a new platform f

68 ed quantitatively captures the non-monotonic osmosis-driven deformation waves and determines the onse

69 active sodium absorption plays a key role in osmosis-driven fluid uptake.

70 Moreover, an osmosis-driven process for encapsulation of proteins in

71 e demonstrate the emergence of non-monotonic osmosis-driven spikes and waves of expansion/contraction

72 and the plasma membrane results in anomalous osmosis during pressure clamp measurements.

73 y colleagues, and the literature and through osmosis during seminars and scientific meetings.

74 Engineered osmosis (e.g., forward osmosis, pressure-retarded osmosi

75 These results using this electro-forward osmosis (EFO) process demonstrated that enhanced water f

76 ith their analog separation process (reverse osmosis, electrodialysis, and capacitive deionization, r

77 sing 1.4-2.2 kWh/m(3) at parity with reverse osmosis, electrodialysis, and membrane capacitive deioni

78 les isolated using the novel coupled reverse osmosis/electrodialysis method.

79 transport due to the combination of electro-osmosis, electrophoresis, and inherent pressure.

80 the major challenge that hinders engineered osmosis (EO) development.

81 ng their partial dealcoholization by reverse osmosis-evaporative perstraction (RO-EP).

82 By mitigating osmosis, faradaic and round-trip energy efficiency are m

83 In fertilizer-drawn forward osmosis (FDFO) desalination, the final nutrient concentr

84 lutions hindered competition between forward osmosis (FO) and pressure retarded osmosis (PRO) with ex

85 driven membrane processes (including forward osmosis (FO) and pressure retarded osmosis (PRO)) have r

86 ite (TFC) hollow fiber membranes for forward osmosis (FO) applications is presented in this study.

87 s via interfacial polymerization for forward osmosis (FO) applications.

88 VC), membrane distillation (MD), and forward osmosis (FO) as the technologies best suited for desalin

89 GOM) has the potential to be used in forward osmosis (FO) because it has a high water permeability an

90 reverse divalent cation diffusion in forward osmosis (FO) biofouling.

91 Forward osmosis (FO) desalination technology is emerging for fre

92 een widely applied as draw agents in forward osmosis (FO) desalination.

93 igated the feasibility of applying a forward osmosis (FO) dewatering process for nutrient recovery fr

94 Forward osmosis (FO) has attracted wide attention in recent year

95 Forward osmosis (FO) has been recognized in recent years as a ro

96 Forward osmosis (FO) is a low-pressure membrane process that can

97 Among these, forward osmosis (FO) is a promising two-step desalination proces

98 Forward osmosis (FO) is an emerging membrane process with potent

99 Forward osmosis (FO) is an emerging membrane separation process

100 In the process, a forward osmosis (FO) membrane and a microfiltration (MF) membran

101 m uses both ultrafiltration (UF) and forward osmosis (FO) membranes in parallel to simultaneously ext

102 ectrode in thin-film composite (TFC) forward osmosis (FO) membranes.

103 and the performance was evaluated in forward osmosis (FO) mode with various feed solutions: nanopure

104 electrical field on water flux in a forward osmosis (FO) process was examined using a thin-film comp

105 e irreversible membrane fouling in a forward osmosis (FO) process.

106 Forward osmosis (FO) was applied as an "osmotic concentration" p

107 For the first time, forward osmosis (FO) was performed using a porous membrane with

108 mperature (UCST) as a draw solute in forward osmosis (FO) was successfully demonstrated here experime

109 Unlike forward osmosis (FO), an important feature of PRO is the applica

110 m combining electrodialysis (ED) and forward osmosis (FO), driven by renewable energy (solar energy),

111 bustness and treatment capacity of a forward osmosis (FO)-membrane distillation (MD) hybrid system fo

112 nes that translate the advantages of reverse osmosis for aqueous separations to the separation of org

113 opments in separation, desalination, reverse osmosis for water purification thanks in particular to t

114 current state-of-the-art technology, reverse osmosis, for the desalination of brackish waters.

115 ing considered as a key component of reverse osmosis-free advanced treatment trains for potable waste

116 In the FO stream, water is drawn by osmosis from activated sludge through an FO membrane int

117 organic matter that was isolated by reverse osmosis from the Suwannee River in southeastern Georgia.

118 esponse to different urea gradients (induced osmosis) gave sigmaurea approximately 0.3 for the UT3 pa

119 on application of an electric field, electro-osmosis generates bulk fluid flow in the device, and a p

120 of energy storage, the transport of water by osmosis has a very significant negative impact on the fa

121 Electroosmotic flow (EOF) or electro-osmosis has been shown to exhibit a hysteresis effect un

122 s transfer in desalination driven by reverse osmosis has been studied using Computational Fluid Dynam

123 d osmosis, pressure-retarded osmosis, direct osmosis) has emerged as a new platform for applications

124 , since conventional methods such as reverse osmosis have increasing energy requirements for higher c

125 retical analyses reveal the role of diffusio-osmosis in driving these phenomena: After accounting for

126 cate this is due to the dominance of electro-osmosis in mass transport, with electro-osmotic flow in

127 ession and/or trafficking are key to sustain osmosis in multiple tissues.

128 eatment has become an alternative to reverse osmosis in potable wastewater reuse applications because

129 Recently developed electro-osmosis-inhibiting matrix polymers have simplified the p

130 Osmosis is a universal phenomenon occurring in a broad v

131 on of TPT CNM membrane composites in forward osmosis is also demonstrated.

132 While osmosis is intimately linked with transport across membr

133 icrograms/ml amphotericin B, indicating that osmosis is not limited by unstirred layers.

134 Osmosis is the movement of solvent across a permselectiv

135 interact with phosphate monoesters; electro-osmosis is used to drive the tagged chains through engin

136 , assuming that osmotically assisted reverse osmosis is used to regenerate the draw solution.

137 Now in 'Forward Osmosis' it is empirically observed that the diffusion o

138 pilot-level trials using 1kD, loose reverse osmosis (LRO) and reverse osmosis (RO) spiral-wound memb

139 Osmosis may therefore drive brain fluid flow under physi

140 e fluid-solid model clarifies recent reverse osmosis measurements; provides a predictive and mechanis

141 d zinc, which are likely caused by decreased osmosis-mediated dilution of the milk caused by the decr

142 We report a hybrid microfiltration-forward osmosis membrane bioreactor (MF-FOMBR) for direct phosph

143 aromatic polyamide active layer of a reverse osmosis membrane upon exposure to free chlorine was quan

144 aromatic polyamide active layer of a reverse osmosis membrane upon exposure to free chlorine.

145 lecules (e.g. fatty acids) permeated reverse osmosis membrane, while twenty-three compounds (e.g. hyd

146 ough an asymmetric cellulose acetate forward osmosis membrane.

147 oncept of a polyelectrolyte-promoted forward osmosis-membrane distillation (FO-MD) hybrid system was

148 of polyamide (PA) nanofiltration and reverse osmosis membranes by chlorine needs to be understood in

149 t of water across apposing liquid menisci in osmosis membranes comprising short hydrophobic nanopores

150 superhydrophilic thin-film composite forward osmosis membranes functionalized with surface-tailored n

151 Thin-film composite reverse osmosis membranes have remained the gold standard techno

152 half a century, thin-film composite reverse osmosis membranes have served as key separation material

153 ine resistance of nanofiltration and reverse osmosis membranes is of high importance in the water tre

154 layers are deposited onto commercial reverse osmosis membranes without damaging them and they exhibit

155 ove from seawater using conventional reverse osmosis membranes.

156 porated within industrially relevant reverse osmosis membranes.

157 ranes is particularly outstanding in forward osmosis mode where the driving force for water flux is a

158 mbranes operating in organic solvent reverse osmosis mode, highlighting the potential of this approac

159 When operated in forward osmosis mode, the GO membrane exhibited fouling performa

160 eriments in both forward osmosis and reverse osmosis modes are performed with three model organic fou

161 amide membranes, in both reverse and forward osmosis modes.

162 men in the U.S. Osmotically assisted reverse osmosis (OARO) has shown great potential for low-cost an

163 l adaptation of osmotically assisted reverse osmosis (OARO) is then simulated to increase the concent

164 and expand gradually to their full size via osmosis of surrounding tissue fluid, with up to a 10-fol

165 conventional direction at +10 V and electro-osmosis of the second kind acting in the same direction

166 gration of riverbank filtration with reverse osmosis offers a promising solution, yielding healthier

167 e interior reactant solution is increased by osmosis or active injection.

168 there is no direct evidence for either local osmosis or aquaporin gene expression in enterocytes.

169 nland brackish water desalination by reverse osmosis or RO, concentrate or reject disposal poses a ma

170 L.) fruit juice was concentrated by forward osmosis or thermal evaporation and the samples were stor

171 In forward osmosis, our membranes reject more than 99% of salts at

172 te hydroxyl radical ((*)OH) to treat reverse osmosis permeate (ROP) in potable reuse treatment trains

173 application of UV/chlorine, treating reverse osmosis permeate for potable reuse, organic byproduct fo

174 r liquid concentrate, wash water and reverse osmosis permeate, whereas the lowest was found for lacto

175 Engineered osmosis (e.g., forward osmosis, pressure-retarded osmosis, direct osmosis) has

176 Pressure retarded osmosis (PRO) and reverse electrodialysis (RED) are emer

177 Pressure retarded osmosis (PRO) and reverse electrodialysis (RED) are more

178 Next-generation pressure-retarded osmosis (PRO) approaches aim to harness the energy poten

179 inable energy by combining pressure-retarded osmosis (PRO) as a power generation stage and membrane d

180 stigate the performance of pressure retarded osmosis (PRO) at the module scale, accounting for the de

181 Osmotic power generated by pressure-retarded osmosis (PRO) has attracted global attention as a clean,

182 Pressure retarded osmosis (PRO) has the potential to produce clean, renewa

183 technologies, specifically pressure-retarded osmosis (PRO) in this work, is hindered by the unsatisfa

184 Pressure-retarded osmosis (PRO) is a promising source of renewable energy

185 Pressure retarded osmosis (PRO) is one of the methods proposed to generate

186 on tested under the FO and pressure retarded osmosis (PRO) modes, respectively, while consistently ma

187 lution tested under FO and pressure retarded osmosis (PRO) modes, respectively, while maintaining low

188 high power density in the pressure-retarded osmosis (PRO) process experimentally and theoretically.

189 power generation with the pressure-retarded osmosis (PRO) process.

190 smotic power generation by pressure-retarded osmosis (PRO) processes, fouling on PRO membranes must b

191 e practical application of pressure retarded osmosis (PRO) technology for renewable blue energy (i.e.

192 n forward osmosis (FO) and pressure retarded osmosis (PRO) with existing water purification and power

193 at in "breakthrough mode", Pressure-Retarded Osmosis (PRO) would generate very high power densities e

194 g forward osmosis (FO) and pressure retarded osmosis (PRO)) have received increasing attention in rec

195 ane for fouling control in pressure-retarded osmosis (PRO), an emerging engineered osmosis process wh

196 al technologies, including pressure-retarded osmosis (PRO), reverse electrodialysis (RED), and capaci

197 he foremost technologies - pressure retarded osmosis (PRO), reverse electrodialysis (RED), and capaci

198 by thermal separation, and pressure retarded osmosis (PRO), which converts the energy of mixing to el

199 that can be achieved using pressure-retarded osmosis (PRO).

200 y using a process known as pressure-retarded osmosis (PRO).

201 cers on the performance of pressure retarded osmosis (PRO).

202 ning the centrifugal force propelled reverse osmosis process and the porous CNT-based fine scale sele

203 r polymer hydrogels as draw agent in forward osmosis process has been investigated.

204 their advantages as draw solutes in forward osmosis process in terms of high water flux, minimum rev

205 tarded osmosis (PRO), an emerging engineered osmosis process whose advancement has been much hindered

206 re energy-efficient than the current reverse osmosis process.

207 agent in the polymer hydrogel-driven forward osmosis process.

208 cle rupture during the real seawater reverse osmosis process.

209 , active separation and far from equilibrium osmosis, raising in turn fundamental questions in the th

210 Sugars caused osmosis-related morphological changes, however, decrease

211 or GR activity attenuation; however, reverse osmosis removed GR activity to levels below the limits o

212 Hulett's theory of osmosis requires that the solute alter the water at the

213 re, the core of DEs can be manipulated using osmosis, resulting in the shrinking or swelling of the c

214 nitrogen recovery was found for the reverse osmosis retentate, mother liquid concentrate, wash water

215 mposite membranes are widely used in reverse osmosis (RO) and nanofiltration (NF) due to their high w

216 Membrane technologies using reverse osmosis (RO) and nanofiltration (NF) have been widely im

217 ms of ion transport across polyamide reverse osmosis (RO) and nanofiltration (NF) membranes by levera

218 ty in the polyamide active layers of reverse osmosis (RO) and nanofiltration (NF) membranes, to predi

219 -based membranes are widely used for reverse osmosis (RO) and nanofiltration (NF) treatment but degra

220 Membrane-based processes, such as reverse osmosis (RO) and nanofiltration (NF), are widely used fo

221 As reverse osmosis (RO) and nanofiltration polyamide membranes beco

222 nown to be insufficiently removed by reverse osmosis (RO) and nanofiltration polyamide membranes that

223 Reverse osmosis (RO) as a potential technique to improve the ant

224 In this work, a high-performance reverse osmosis (RO) composite thin membrane using multi-walled

225 s a promising way to improve current reverse osmosis (RO) concentrate treatment processes and enables

226 Reverse osmosis (RO) could rase the acetate concentration to 8 w

227 es, currently used for high-pressure reverse osmosis (RO) desalination applications, can have much hi

228 energy consumption (SEC) in seawater reverse osmosis (RO) desalination due to improvements made in hy

229 is a major operational challenge in reverse osmosis (RO) desalination, motivating a search for impro

230 designed and constructed to evaluate reverse osmosis (RO) energy reduction that can be achieved using

231 Reverse osmosis (RO) is a membrane technology that separates dis

232 Reverse osmosis (RO) is incorporated into the process train of m

233 Reverse osmosis (RO) is increasingly used in drinking water prod

234 Reverse osmosis (RO) membrane fouling is not a static state but

235 ely enhanced nanofiltration (NF) and reverse osmosis (RO) membrane permeate flux and salt rejection r

236 and separation on a typical seawater reverse osmosis (RO) membrane.

237 n of a thin-film composite polyamide reverse osmosis (RO) membrane.

238 The top polyamide layer of composite reverse osmosis (RO) membranes has a fascinatingly complex struc

239 Swelling of the active layer of reverse osmosis (RO) membranes has an important effect on permea

240 Salt permeability of polyamide reverse osmosis (RO) membranes has been shown to increase with i

241 into the polyamide active layers of reverse osmosis (RO) membranes is a key membrane property determ

242 s into the polyamide active layer of reverse osmosis (RO) membranes is one of the three membrane prop

243 hin-film crosslinked (TFX) composite reverse osmosis (RO) membranes that resist physical compaction a

244 yer heterogeneous nanofiltration and reverse osmosis (RO) membranes up to 330 psi.

245 self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) or reverse osmosis (RO) membranes using a quartz crystal microbalan

246 mitigate organic chemical fouling of reverse osmosis (RO) membranes, and the production of 43 disinfe

247 ts, applied to control biofouling of reverse osmosis (RO) membranes, result in membrane performance d

248 imethylamine (NDMA) by six different reverse osmosis (RO) membranes, suggesting that boron can be use

249 and development of biofilm bodies on reverse osmosis (RO) membranes.

250 nts such as ultrafiltration (UF) and reverse osmosis (RO) on dissolved organic matter (DOM) is still

251 ramine (NHCl(2)) naturally exists in reverse osmosis (RO) permeate due to its application as an antif

252 The AOP treatment of reverse osmosis (RO) permeate often includes the de facto UV/chl

253 posite membranes are integral to the reverse osmosis (RO) process, effectively converting seawater an

254 Nanofiltration (NF) and reverse osmosis (RO) processes are used for drinking water purif

255 Reverse osmosis (RO) seawater desalination is currently a widesp

256 1kD, loose reverse osmosis (LRO) and reverse osmosis (RO) spiral-wound membranes showed LRO membrane

257 A reverse osmosis (RO) system is then used to reconcentrate the di

258 d biofilm formation in a bench-scale reverse osmosis (RO) system using the same feedwater.

259 fficient method for scale control in reverse osmosis (RO) systems.

260 hip between roughness and fouling in reverse osmosis (RO) through specially designed experimental pro

261 Reverse osmosis (RO) treatment of municipal wastewater effluent

262 dimethylamine (NDMA) passing through reverse osmosis (RO) units within advanced treatment trains for

263 howed that treatment trains based on reverse osmosis (RO) were more effective than RO-free treatment

264 acuum tubing sap collection systems, reverse osmosis (RO), and electric evaporators have changed the

265 ethane was poorly (<50%) rejected by reserve osmosis (RO), not removed by, and in some cases, increas

266 Yet, reverse osmosis (RO), which is the most widely used for desalina

267 other organic matter (OM) isolates (reverse osmosis, RO; and "transphilic", XAD-4) from several rive

268 es new mechanism of highly efficient electro-osmosis rooted in space charging of regions with distort

269 n comparison with original water and reverse osmosis samples.

270 election of phenomena and applications where osmosis shows great promises: osmotic phenomena in membr

271 tage enhanced tertiary processes and reverse osmosis, simultaneously increased eutrophication indirec

272 of salts at high salinities and, in reverse osmosis, small-molecule organic dyes and salts are effic

273 Seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO) desalination facilities produce freshwate

274 e tracking of Bacillus subtilis in a forward osmosis system with spacers during the first 4 h of biof

275 ry compared with a combined OMBR and reverse osmosis system.

276 zed, agitated, electrodialysis, and reversed osmosis systems in design and theory.

277 tion and reutilization by means of a forward osmosis technology is addressed.

278 power the brine utilization and, for reverse osmosis technology, the entire desalination plant.

279 previously believed to occur through passive osmosis that burst open the membrane.

280 ological model which includes water entry by osmosis, the incorporation of cell wall material and the

281 colleagues in 1947 in the form of capillary osmosis, the phenomenon has been broadly investigated th

282 k (MOF) for mitigating biofouling in forward-osmosis thin-film composite (TFC) membranes.

283 formed to study the rates of AS transfer and osmosis through the membrane, and the operational parame

284 R) is an emerging technology that uses water osmosis to accomplish separation of biomass from the tre

285 and open defecation; consumption of reverse osmosis-treated water and safe water access practices ap

286 % of the dissolved organic carbon in reverse osmosis-treated water.

287 olved organic carbon remaining after reverse osmosis treatment.

288 microfiltration/ultrafiltration and reverse osmosis utilize porous membranes to remove suspended par

289 s aquatic) and isolation procedures (reverse osmosis vs humic substances), the maximum extent of quen

290 Rejection of the carbonyls during reverse osmosis was correlated with molecular weight, with conce

291 of hydrolyzed macroalgae showed that reverse-osmosis water caused contortions in the remaining cell w

292 es,'artificial muscle' actuators and reverse-osmosis water purifiers.

293 e MWF) and one non-MCC isolate (from reverse osmosis water).

294 ater, deionised water, spring water, reverse osmosis water, and distilled water at 95 degrees C, and

295 .93 +/- 0.37% and 48.60 +/- 0.07% in reverse-osmosis water, respectively.

296 Here we report a modular forward osmosis-water splitting (FOWS) system that integrates a

297 ected in the concentrate obtained by reverse osmosis, which also showed the highest antioxidant and a

298 a also perturbs epithelial ion transport and osmosis, which may be important for the long-term surviv

299 at AQP1 plays a critical role in crystalloid osmosis, with clinically relevant effects on water trans

300 tion in an overlooked mode of "breakthrough" osmosis would be possible and importantly it would yield