ライフサイエンスコーパス: otolith

1 e., the direction of gravity relative to the otoliths).

2 nd attach to biomineralized 'ear stones' (or otoliths).

3 ar otolith gradually fuses with the saccular otolith.

4 ion and the size and shape of the developing otolith.

5 vature of the sensory epithelium against the otolith.

6 a high proportion of crystallized (vaterite) otoliths.

7 lays a minor role in the formation of normal otoliths.

8 using back-calculated growth histories from otoliths.

9 ilia) at the otic vesicle poles, forming two otoliths.

10 the linear acceleration net vector from the otoliths.

11 formation and calcium deposition in morphant otoliths.

12 se alpha1a.1 expression blocked formation of otoliths.

13 cule of the inner ear, which completely lack otoliths.

14 al structures such as bivalve shells or fish otoliths.

15 e permanently recorded in the rings in their otoliths.

16 evelop a multi-decadal record of growth from otoliths.

17 ate receptors in the semicircular canals and otoliths.

18 r/(86)Sr ratio measurements in comparison to otoliths.

19 t in head coordinates (i.e., relative to the otoliths), (2) the direction of movement in world coordi

20 ls and supporting cells; (3) the presence of otoliths; (4) immunolabeling indicative of vestibular su

21 Siches otoliths (6450 +/- 110 yr B.P.; 4 degrees 40'S) recorded

22 The distribution of gravity-sensing, otolith afferent fibers and terminals was studied in the

23 imulation, neurons did not combine canal and otolith afferent information linearly.

24 hanisms rather than frequency segregation of otolith afferent information.

25 /nodulus receives strong inputs from primary otolith afferent neurons identified as dimorphic in type

26 ibution of the otolith nerves, although each otolith afferent shared common regions with the canal af

27 ents totally reflected the erroneous primary otolith afferent signals and were correlated with the re

28 tract translation information from ambiguous otolith afferent signals in the natural and functionally

29 fferents, the types and locations of labeled otolith afferent terminals suggest that they largely con

30 A few mossy fibres showed unprocessed, otolith afferent-like properties, encoding the gravitoin

31 Mossy fibres showed unprocessed, otolith afferent-like properties.

32 However, a sensory ambiguity exists because otolith afferents are activated similarly during head tr

33 that minimum thresholds measured in macaque otolith afferents are of the same order of magnitude as

34 show that pooling the activities of multiple otolith afferents gives rise to neural thresholds compar

35 Here, we recorded from single otolith afferents in macaque monkeys during linear motio

36 l question directly by recording from single otolith afferents in monkeys during naturalistic transla

37 ate linear acceleration signals arising from otolith afferents into estimates of self-motion and orie

38 At the earliest processing stages, the otolith afferents of the vestibular nerve encode linear

39 results indicate that irregular and regular otolith afferents use different strategies to encode nat

40 on theory to measure detection thresholds of otolith afferents using 1 Hz linear accelerations delive

41 Otolith afferents with higher intrinsic variability tran

42 sensory representation of motion in primary otolith afferents, primate oculomotor responses are appr

43 .01 cm/s(2) for regular and irregular firing otolith afferents, respectively.

44 st and parallel activation of both canal and otolith afferents.

45 n, and self-motion are sensed identically by otolith afferents.

46 itive to net linear acceleration, similar to otolith afferents.

47 diated knockdown of zebrafish Otop1 leads to otolith agenesis without affecting the sensory epitheliu

48 The otoliths also respond to gravitational acceleration, so

49 bular neurons process convergent inputs from otolith and canal afferents.

50 r neurons likely process directly convergent otolith and canal inputs.

51 Finally, nonlinear interactions between otolith and canal signals allow the vestibular system to

52 ial defects, impaired motility, and abnormal otolith and pectoral fin development.

53 te from net signals evoked by stimulation of otolith and semi-circular canal afferents, respectively.

54 ast, the gravity-driven responses of primary otolith and semicircular canal afferents remain intact d

55 We found that both irregular otolith and semicircular canal afferents, because of the

56 ese two components arise from stimulation of otolith and semicircular canal afferents, respectively.

57 udy, we observed the functioning of both the otolith and the cardiovascular system of the astronauts

58 hat provides a physical coupling between the otolith and the underlying sensory epithelium.

59 ocity field correlates with the shape of the otolith and we provide evidence that hydrodynamics is ac

60 Otoliths and otoconia form over sensory maculae and are

61 Calcified structures such as otoliths and scales grow continuously throughout the lif

62 ison of the (87)Sr/(86)Sr ratios between the otoliths and scales of the same individuals revealed sim

63 mpared this ratio between the water and fish otoliths and scales of two commercial fish species, Hopl

64 arch explicitly shows how Sr is bound within otoliths and validates a fundamental and long-held assum

65 t startle response, circular swimming, fused otoliths, and abnormal semicircular canals.

66 We show that otoliths (aragonite ear bones) of young fish grown under

67 Otoliths are biomineralised structures important for bal

68 Otoliths are biomineralised structures required for the

69 Most fish otoliths are comprised of the densest CaCO(3) polymorph,

70 Most fish otoliths are comprised of the most dense CaCO3 polymorph

71 up sciaenid, both the saccular and utricular otoliths are enlarged relative to those in other teleost

72 Sturgeon otoliths are frequently comprised of agglomerations of s

73 cilia (iguana) or ciliary motility (lrrc50), otoliths are frequently ectopic, untethered or fused.

74 However, the otoliths are malformed, misplaced, lack an organic matri

75 We confirmed that while Lake Sturgeon otoliths are primarily composed of vaterite, they also c

76 m the receptors, the semicircular canals and otoliths, are carried by the eighth nerve and distribute

77 e that cilia motility is required for normal otolith assembly and localization.

78 ntal control, but the mechanisms that ensure otolith assembly atop specific cells of the sensory epit

79 ate how the observed hydrodynamics influence otolith assembly.

80 letely (MZovl) is still capable of tethering otoliths at the otic vesicle poles.

81 disrupt cilia motility, leading to defective otolith biogenesis.

82 ve, Fekete explores the fascinating world of otolith biomineralization in zebrafish; revealing the im

83 ow is a key epigenetic factor in controlling otolith biomineralization.

84 mutant embryos, which fail to form anterior otoliths but otherwise appear normal.

85 Otoliths, calcium carbonate (CaCO3) ear bones, are among

86 ng active motion further established that an otolith cancellation signal was only gated in conditions

87 nging such masses into contact with tethered otoliths caused them to fuse, greatly enhancing otolith

88 limnological change is also reflected in the otolith chemistry and improved relative condition of res

89 riation in the mode of incorporation occurs, otolith chemistry data may be misinterpreted, impacting

90 ium (Sr), the most important element used in otolith chemistry research, is bound within the aragonit

91 h records was relatively low (3.4%), but the otolith chronology was positively correlated (r = 0.61,

92 These interneurons appear to antagonize the otolith circuit until they themselves are inhibited by p

93 uding expansion of the utricular and lagenar otoliths, close proximity between the saccules and the u

94 d strontium isotope ratios of four aragonite otoliths collected from the Fox Hills Formation of South

95 cal traits including lateral line structure, otolith composition (a proxy for auditory function), and

96 The otolith consists of a statocyst cell and projecting exci

97 al variation in temperature, recorded as the otoliths continue to accrete new material over the life

98 n/Ca ratios in regions of cod (Gadus morhua) otoliths corresponding to year 1 of life; this is associ

99 s, numerous existing archival collections of otoliths could provide the means to reconstruct hypoxia

100 Extra-otolith cues are, therefore, necessary to ensure that dy

101 s, consistent with low hypoxia, but a single otolith dated to the younger Iron Age had a distinct gro

102 The otolith defect produced by morpholinos was rescued by mi

103 Na,K-ATPase beta2b expression also caused an otolith defect, suggesting that the beta2b subunit partn

104 ding abnormal body curvature, hydrocephalus, otolith defects and abnormal renal, head and craniofacia

105 iary paralysis leading to cystic kidneys and otolith defects and that knockdown in Xenopus interfered

106 lume and 58% greater relative mass) but also otolith density (6% higher).

107 The polymorph phase abundance in an otolith depends on, as yet, unexplained genetic and envi

108 Moreover, otolith deposition rate and proxies for temperature and

109 Otolith deposition rate fluctuates at decadal to centenn

110 Otolith-derived ages indicated that S. partitus found on

111 ed us to dissect the logic of melanocyte and otolith development and to identify critical periods for

112 In teleostei, otolith development is critically dependent on flow forc

113 Although otolith development was abnormal, the patterning of the

114 ired Wnt signaling leads to kidney cysts and otolith disorganization, which can be attributed to a lo

115 r each cell it was precisely matched for the otolith-driven and canal-driven components of the respon

116 mplete cancellation is brought about because otolith-driven SS responses are also partially integrate

117 ttributable to an incomplete cancellation of otolith-driven SS responses during tilt by a canal-drive

118 ce of a lateral acceleration stimulus to the otoliths during combined translational/rotational motion

119 we show that mesopelagic fishes dominate the otolith (ear bone) record in anoxic sediment layers of t

120 followed seven cohorts into adulthood using otolith (ear stone) chemical archives to identify patter

121 a bifasciatum) on an oceanic island, we used otolith (ear stone) elemental profiles of lead (Pb) to a

122 g biochronological reconstructions of annual otolith (ear stone) growth from two ocean basins, we tes

123 ysis of the impact of ocean acidification on otolith (ear stone) size and density of larval cobia (Ra

124 We used natural geochemical signatures in otoliths (ear bones) to determine natal sources in weakf

125 en isotope measurements of aragonite in fish otoliths--ear stones--collected across the Eocene/Oligoc

126 Nonmammalian vertebrates possess a third otolith endorgan, the macula lagena.

127 ope signatures could also be detected in the otoliths even in the presence of a high and variable amo

128 Oxygen isotope profiles in otoliths excavated from Ostra [6010 +/- 90 years before

129 shite and monetite) from a biomineral called otolith extracted from Teleost fish (Plagioscion Squamos

130 cilia are distributed normally, but anterior otoliths fail to form in 80-85% of mutant ears.

131 terite nucleates and grows similarly in vivo otolith formation as well as from laboratory synthesis.

132 hypothetical model for normal otoconial and otolith formation based on matrix vesicle mineralization

133 Knockdown of GP96 resulted in a specific otolith formation defect during early ear development.

134 he GP96 chaperone protein is involved in the otolith formation during normal ear development.

135 ata demonstrate that the ability to initiate otolith formation is limited to a critical period, from

136 st hair cells are missing (atoh1b morphant), otolith formation is severely disrupted and delayed.

137 spite lack of otoliths in early development, otolith formation partially recovers in some fish after

138 owever, the mechanism by which flow controls otolith formation remains unclear.

139 gical antagonist, KN-93, results in aberrant otolith formation without preventing cilia formation.

140 mine effects on somatic growth, development, otolith formation, swimming ability, and swimming activi

141 te the role of cilia and ciliary motility in otolith formation.

142 1 subunit to form a Na,K-ATPase required for otolith formation.

143 conserved gene, otop1, that is essential for otolith formation.

144 antitrypsin activity deficiency and abnormal otolith formation.

145 es were depleted did not facilitate anterior otolith formation.

146 Among these mesopelagic fishes, otoliths from families Bathylagidae (deep-sea smelts) an

147 estigated how Sr is incorporated within fish otoliths from seven species collected from a range of aq

148 n the use of outcome measures, assessment of otolith function and treatment of related balance proble

149 ar maculae fail to develop and the utricular otolith gradually fuses with the saccular otolith.

150 a disappear soon after 24 h, and the rate of otolith growth decreases by nearly 90%.

151 Otolith growth increments were collected from three sout

152 he first report of significantly wider daily otolith growth increments.

153 Otolith growth is initiated at 18-18.5 h by localized ac

154 nutes for four months, after which the daily otolith growth of N. bankieri was aligned with correspon

155 und the otoliths in young fish, accelerating otolith growth while the local pH is controlled.

156 liths caused them to fuse, greatly enhancing otolith growth.

157 has shown that key larval traits recorded in otoliths (growth rate, energetic condition at settlement

158 From incremental microsampling of otoliths, however, we can resolve the seasonal variation

159 The results, however, did not support the otolith hypothesis.

160 cs in West Greenland using DNA from archived otoliths in combination with fish population and niche b

161 Despite lack of otoliths in early development, otolith formation partial

162 tructures--otoconia in higher vertebrates or otoliths in fish--that deflect the sensory hair bundles

163 during OVAR being primarily mediated by the otoliths in response to the sinusoidally varying linear

164 the normal biomineralization of otoconia and otoliths in the inner ear of vertebrates.

165 he regenerate, and the appearance of ectopic otoliths in the neural tube, in the context of otherwise

166 icles, kidney cysts, and an excess number of otoliths in the otic vesicles.

167 ves freely through the epithelium around the otoliths in young fish, accelerating otolith growth whil

168 Sturgeon otoliths, in contrast, have been characterized as the ra

169 ure was the only significant driver of daily otolith increment width, with increasing temperatures re

170 across time, and Ba/Sr ratios in modern cod otoliths indicate increasing use of a more saline habita

171 re were similar in both modern and Stone Age otoliths, indicating consistent migration habits across

172 nt modeling approach, we show that canal and otolith information are spatially and temporally matched

173 Peripheral otolith information, however, is ambiguous and cannot di

174 eighted at low frequencies, the weighting of otolith input increased with frequency.

175 the cerebellar nodulus in the processing of otolith input.

176 ng the integration of semicircular canal and otolith inputs required for accurate posture and motor c

177 ebellar nodulus and uvula, the site of canal-otolith integration.

178 n isolation, implying sensitization of canal-otolith integration.

179 ircular canal-ocular, and semicircular canal-otolith interaction assessments suggested impairment of

180 otolith-ocular reflex and semicircular canal-otolith interaction.

181 The chemistry of fish ear bones (otoliths) is used to address fundamental questions in fi

182 neration at discrete periods up to 1 year in otolith maculas.

183 w that het mice not only lack all aspects of otolith mediated VOR, but also are deficient in canal me

184 e of the cerebellum in the generation of the otolith-mediated linear vestibulo-ocular reflex (LVOR).

185 f local recruitment, in studies interpreting otolith microchemistry and, conversely, a lack of geneti

186 xperiments, life histories extrapolated from otolith microchemistry interpretations and other methods

187 habitats in the Straits of Florida and used otolith microstructure analysis to compare growth and si

188 Here we investigate the initial stages of otolith morphogenesis in wild-type embryos as well as in

189 dynamics is actively involved in controlling otolith morphogenesis.

190 cilia impairs otolith seeding and subsequent otolith morphogenesis.

191 Neolithic (4500 B.P.) cod otoliths (n = 12) had low levels of Mn/Ca ratios, consis

192 egligible overlap in the distribution of the otolith nerves, although each otolith afferent shared co

193 Otolith number, size and placement are under strict deve

194 Testing focused on the otolith-ocular reflex and semicircular canal-otolith int

195 l instability may occur because of defective otolith-ocular reflexes (OORs) which are the eye movemen

196 ggest that complex neural adjustments to the otolith-ocular reflexes mediate HTDHT.

197 Otolith-ocular reflexes remained normal.

198 cts, all cerebellar patients showed impaired otolith-ocular responses.

199 role of the cerebellum in the modulation of otolith-ocular signals that is independent of motor verg

200 the range of vestibulo-ocular, in particular otolith-ocular, manifestations within a family with epis

201 s indicate that it controls the synthesis of otoliths of the inner ear.

202 Chemical signatures in the otoliths of yearlings from regional nurseries were disti

203 Sturgeon otoliths, on the other hand, contain significant amounts

204 t is characterized by the crystallization of otoliths onto immotile kinocilia that protrude from sens

205 for neurons activated by stimulation of the otoliths or the semicircular canals.

206 Fish otoliths, or ear bones, are comprised of the CaCO(3) pol

207 g a canal only (vertical axis) or canal plus otolith organ (horizontal axis) stimulus.

208 t, which co-modulates semicircular canal and otolith organ activity, but not to motions that activate

209 ones, called the striola and extrastriola in otolith organ maculae, and the central and peripheral zo

210 al neurons of the canal VOR are dependent on otolith organ signals for normal performance.

211 Contributions of semicircular canal versus otolith organ signals were investigated by providing a c

212 For otolith organ-related afferents, the uvula/nodulus recei

213 No direct otolith organ-related inputs to the flocculus were obser

214 which activated the semicircular canals and otolith organs and involved both rotation and flexion in

215 controls, rotations that stimulated both the otolith organs and semicircular canals (upright roll and

216 it behavior suggest that, although the fetal otolith organs are unloaded in microgravity, the fetus'

217 ngagement of the semicircular canals and the otolith organs by head rotation increased breathing freq

218 Selective engagement of the otolith organs during static head-down rotation did not

219 arm and leg during altered feedback from the otolith organs in humans, but that greater vasoconstrict

220 t not to motions that activate the canals or otolith organs in isolation, implying sensitization of c

221 ves a sensory ambiguity where the peripheral otolith organs in the inner ear sense both head tilts an

222 ated with linear accelerations sensed by the otolith organs in the inner ear.

223 f the auditory (VIIIth) nerve from the three otolith organs of the fish inner ear to the M-cell.

224 In response to passively applied motion, the otolith organs of the vestibular system encode changes i

225 Excitation of the otolith organs resulted in widespread c-Fos expression i

226 gement of the semicircular canals and/or the otolith organs were measured in fourteen young (26 +/- 1

227 ike regions, the cellular orientation in the otolith organs, and the large cells and ciliary bundles

228 because motion sensors in the inner ear, the otolith organs, and the semicircular canals transduce se

229 gravitoinertial acceleration encoded by the otolith organs, as predicted by theory.

230 ped with a set of linear accelerometers, the otolith organs, that sense the inertial accelerations ex

231 This cue is transduced by the otolith organs.

232 , which includes the semicircular canals and otolith organs.

233 of highly conserved semicircular canals and otolith organs.

234 agnitudes handled by semicircular canals and otolith organs.

235 sympathetic activation by engagement of the otolith organs.

236 ues originating from semicircular canals and otolith organs.

237 d orientation are influenced by the macular (otolith) organs, via the tilt maculo-ocular reflex (tilt

238 Palaeo-temperatures reconstructed from mean otolith oxygen isotope values show little change through

239 We hypothesized that nodular lesions abolish otolith-perceptual integration, predicting alignment of

240 phant], supernumerary hair cells develop and otolith precursor particles bind to the tips of all kino

241 Otolith precursor particles did not adhere to the kinoci

242 The initial seeding step, in which otolith precursor particles tether directly to the tips

243 Otolith precursor particles, initially distributed throu

244 c vesicle create fluid vortices that attract otolith precursor particles, thereby biasing an otherwis

245 pport a model in which hair cells produce an otolith precursor-binding factor, normally localised to

246 ea catfish (Galeichthys peruvianus) sagittal otoliths preserve a record of modern and mid-Holocene se

247 after the first month displayed a nearshore otolith profile.

248 nly linear acceleration information from the otolith receptors but also angular velocity signals from

249 een these observations and the properties of otolith receptors suggest that vestibular signals themse

250 chus erithreus, and a muscle tissue of fish, Otolithes ruber, were analyzed as real samples and good

251 ther cell kinocilia or beating cilia impairs otolith seeding and subsequent otolith morphogenesis.

252 wise random distribution to direct localized otolith seeding on tether cilia.

253 lication of this hydrodynamic effect is that otolith self-assembly is mediated by the balance between

254 The strontium isotope records of ear stones (otoliths) show that the relative productivity of locatio

255 ether, these findings indicate that a normal otolith signal contributes an important role to HD cell

256 to the medium-latency response whilst a net otolith signal does not make a significant contribution

257 head disturbances (rotational VOR), whereas otolith signals compensate for translational movements [

258 To investigate how extra-otolith signals contribute, we characterized the tempora

259 hanism underlying the marked cancellation of otolith signals did not affect other characteristics of

260 integrates these extra-vestibular cues with otolith signals during active linear self-motion remains

261 ifferential projections of sensory canal and otolith signals onto eye-contra and eye-ipsi cells, resp

262 Present data indicate that graviceptive otolith signals present a predominant role in the multis

263 bellar vermis combine semicircular canal and otolith signals to segregate linear and gravitational ac

264 We show that, in addition to otolith signals, angular head position signals derived b

265 g convergence between semicircular canal and otolith signals.

266 narios resulted in a significant increase in otolith size (up to 25% larger area) at the lowest pCO2

267 xide (pCO2) significantly increased not only otolith size (up to 49% greater volume and 58% greater r

268 e was a similar but nonsignificant trend for otolith size.

269 nating the shape and type of crystal in fish otoliths ( Sollner et al.).

270 rly-life history trait information from fish otoliths, spatial coordinates and genetic markers to det

271 Impairment of the corresponding otolith-spinal reflexes may contribute substantially to

272 Neurons responded far less robustly to otolith stimulation during self-generated than passive h

273 The data show that otolith stimulation engages brainstem structures both wi

274 sterior canal afferents, with no evidence of otolith stimulation.

275 ty off-vertical axis rotation (OVAR), a pure otolith stimulus, indicated that the modulation componen

276 Using laser-ablation otolith strontium isotope microchemistry, we discovered

277 inct morphologies of otoconial particles and otoliths suggest divergent developmental mechanisms.

278 en decreased functionality of the vestibular otolith system and a decrease in the mean arterial press

279 detection of gravito-inertial forces by the otolith system is essential for our sense of balance and

280 Our finding indicates that an intact otolith system plays an important role in preventing blo

281 d that neural regeneration in the vestibular otolith system would recapitulate the topographic phenot

282 Their otolith systems are being temporarily disturbed and at t

283 nts on Earth could selectively suppress both otolith systems; astronauts returning from space are a u

284 we have identified two proteins required for otolith tethering in the zebrafish ear, and propose that

285 At later larval stages, maintenance of otolith tethering to the saccular macula is dependent on

286 ciliary motility are absolutely required for otolith tethering: a mutant that lacks cilia completely

287 in is only expressed in the palps and in the otolith, the pigmented sister cell of the light-sensing

288 hic membrane (OM) couples a single calcified otolith to the sensory epithelium in the bluegill sunfis

289 l (SVV) is an important sign of a vestibular otolith tone imbalance in the roll plane.

290 ricles, deeply grooved sulci on the saccular otoliths, two-planar saccular sensory epithelia, and a u

291 characterized the structure of Lake Sturgeon otoliths using thermal analysis and neutron powder diffr

292 mediated by graviceptors in the head, i.e., otoliths, versus other body graviceptors.

293 the aragonitic calcium carbonate lattice of otoliths via random chemical replacement of calcium; how

294 n of the linear acceleration signal from the otoliths was predicted to change substantially when usin

295 Using "natural tag" properties of otoliths, we found significant correlations between the

296 l sensory systems, including the ocellus and otolith, which are sensitive to light and gravity, respe

297 Otoliths, which are connected to stereociliary bundles i

298 ee large extracellular biomineral particles, otoliths, which have evolved to transduce the force of g

299 ssess primarily normal, aragonite-containing otoliths, while hatchery-reared juveniles possessed a hi

300 n acidification has a graded effect on cobia otoliths, with the potential to substantially influence