ライフサイエンスコーパス: outward current

1 40-inward current; non-regenerating stage 45-outward current).

2 can also mediate a large anion influx (i.e. outward currents).

3 lta, receptors induced a direct postsynaptic outward current.

4 ) was 350 nM when measuring the postsynaptic outward current.

5 enkephalin (ME)-induced hyperpolarization or outward current.

6 2 channels as being carriers of this delayed outward current.

7 arge Na(+)-dependent (TTX sensitive) delayed outward current.

8 ocytes; MCD treatment reduced the density of outward current.

9 nner hair cells and encode a fast activating outward current.

10 urrent (IA), a voltage-dependent, transient, outward current.

11 age clamp steps elicited a slowly activating outward current.

12 e 4 K+ out of cells and thus generates a net outward current.

13 did not prevent abn-cbd-induced increases in outward current.

14 1/CB2 receptor agonist, had no effect on the outward current.

15 nward Ca(2+) current (I(Ca)), followed by an outward current.

16 ther possible explanations for the transient outward current.

17 amine-dependent rectification by diminishing outward current.

18 MORs on POMC neurons but fails to induce an outward current.

19 receptor involved in generating the "tonic" outward current.

20 rozygous condition still resulted in a large outward current.

21 ion currents in SMCs, but failed to activate outward currents.

22 um(+) and acetamidinium(+) induced K(+)-like outward currents.

23 a cell type-dependent balances of inward and outward currents.

24 ative contributions and states of inward and outward currents.

25 metals tested except Na(+) induced K(+)-like outward currents.

26 rating stumps of stage 45 tadpole maintained outward currents.

27 se of this increase in low-voltage activated outward currents.

28 on during pacemaking, did evoke subthreshold outward currents.

29 in hippocampal area CA1, where they generate outward currents.

30 ic synaptic responses, and voltage-dependent outward currents.

31 Progesterone had no effect on outward currents.

32 rger and kinetically faster when compared to outward currents.

33 s of 20 pS for inward currents and 80 pS for outward currents.

34 +)] ([Ca(2+)](o)) activate voltage-dependent outward currents.

35 did not affect the expression of IA or other outward currents.

36 e, and smaller D2 dopamine receptor-mediated outward currents.

37 channels is very slow and minimally reduces outward currents.

38 and the appearance of spontaneous transient outward currents.

39 s were activation of net inward, rather than outward, current.

40 an apex-specific increase in slow transient outward current-1 ( I(Kslow,1)) (conducted by K(V)1.5) a

41 , paxilline blocked a transient component of outward current activated by a short depolarisation, whi

42 hat serotonin caused a strong increase in an outward current activated by depolarisations that was bl

43 depolarized in VC, the linopirdine-sensitive outward current activated rapidly and comprised up to 20

44 Outward currents activated by ACh were reduced by blocki

45 AB Rs are stimulated there is a reduction in outward current, allowing neurons to extend their level

46 Measurements of Ca2+ -activated outward current and [Ca2+](i) suggested that most CICR t

47 ike wild-type channels, which exhibit little outward current and are activated by STIM1, W176C mutant

48 BAPTA blocked the transient component of the outward current and broadened APs in a subgroup of cells

49 C-2 mediates chloride influx, thus producing outward current and directly reducing excitability.

50 brane depolarization followed by a prolonged outward current and hyperpolarization in 80% of neurons.

51 cells, with slowly activating, large linear outward current and sustained outward current without fa

52 disorganized in SMMs with reduced transient outward current and T-tubule density.

53 that the SCN5A variant mediates nonselective outward currents and a small, but detectable, inward cur

54 Optical stimulation caused significant outward currents and blocked electrically evoked action

55 trate, whereas ASP(+) induced hSERT-mediated outward currents and counteracted 5HT-induced hSERT curr

56 2+) -activated K(+) (SK) conductance, evoked outward currents and hyperpolarized PDGFRalpha(+) cells

57 hannel clustering, loss of ZDHHC14 decreases outward currents and increases action potential firing i

58 Activating VSP inhibited NBCe1-B and -C outward currents and NBCe1-mediated pHi increases, and c

59 sis of the kinetics of the components of the outward currents and produce a model for BK and SK chann

60 ridine, depolarizing pulses evoked transient outward currents and several components of sustained cur

61 The decrease of inward and outward currents and the depolarization of the V(z) in t

62 ts and quantitative PCR were used to compare outward currents and transcript expression in colonic my

63 cGMP potentiated the outward current, and abn-cbd increased the cellular leve

64 and SK channels that we use to reproduce the outward current, and to infer the geometrical arrangemen

65 Addition of the transient outward current antagonist quinidine (5 mumol/L) or the

66 the Kv2.1 DN had a significant reduction in outward current ( approximately 45% decrease in the tota

67 This produces a sustained outward current, approximately 10 pA, at physiological m

68 These outward currents are carried by a novel nonselective cat

69 In numerical simulations, neurones in which outward currents are dominated by a Slack-A-like conduct

70 tive mode of operation where both inward and outward currents are used to add one type of ion while r

71 11 mV and a decrease in the amplitude of an outward current around and above the resting membrane po

72 min) to plumbagin results in 48% decrease in outward current at +50 mV.

73 own previously to have small conductance for outward current at positive driving potential.

74 IM1, W176C mutant channels exhibited a large outward current at positive potentials and were constitu

75 urrent at negative potentials, but inhibited outward current at positive potentials.

76 Sustained outward current at potentials positive to the K+ reversa

77 THP also decreases the outward current at recombinant alpha4beta2delta receptor

78 At 0 mV, NBC-mediated outward current at resting pH(i) was +0.52 +/- 0.05 pA p

79 DTX-sensitive current comprised about 10% of outward current at steady-state, in response to steps fr

80 ent currents activated by 2-APB showed large outward currents at potentials greater than +50 mV.

81 egative to the K+ equilibrium potential than outward currents at voltages positive to it, even when K

82 anolol and nadolol) and sodium and transient outward current blockers (such as quinidine), or surgica

83 A mutant channels also exhibited substantial outward currents but were active only in the presence of

84 5 mM Mg(2+) on the cytoplasmic side reduced outward currents, but not inward currents, at V(m) > 0.

85 hERG1 channels by +19 mV and increased peak outward current by 136%.

86 c modulation of the native cardiac transient outward current by intracellular Ca(2+) fluxes during th

87 it has been generally attributed to block of outward current by intracellular divalent ions, we find

88 oltage relationships, because of blocking of outward current by intracellular polyamines.

89 Following reduction of outward current by MCD pretreatment, iberiotoxin was una

90 s stimulated NBC-mediated, HCO(3)(-)-induced outward currents by >100% for the B and C variants, but

91 ptors), caused inhibition of both inward and outward currents by approximately 60% and approximately

92 to double the conductance of BK channels for outward currents by increasing the concentration of K+ i

93 d by the occurrence of spontaneous transient outward currents) by depolarizing the sarcolemma to -20

94 s abolished by 10 microM nicardipine, and an outward current carried exclusively by potassium ions th

95 In summary, we propose that an outward current, carried at least in part through BK cha

96 The channel open time for outward currents (Cl(-) influx) increases linearly as th

97 s of periodic inward currents, even when the outward currents clearly had reversed.

98 Outward current conducted by human ether-a-go-go-related

99 er with the mutation A334E induced transient outward current, consistent with movement of negatively

100 Under such conditions, SLO-2 is the largest outward current, contributing up to 87% of the total cur

101 We found that CLC-5 only conducted outward currents, corresponding to Cl(-) flux into the c

102 recorded in principal cells were preceded by outward currents coupled with extracellular potassium sh

103 + permeability, the ratio of the NMDA inward/outward currents decreased, and the reversal potential o

104 d that activation of M2 receptors induces an outward current, decreases rheobase, reduces the medium

105 Similar outward current densities were observed for the two cell

106 ed resting membrane potentials and increased outward current densities.

107 Net outward current density in male and ovariectomized mice

108 iological temperature, the maximal sustained outward current density was almost three times the mean

109 nce of extracellular Ca(2+), W176C and G183A outward currents developed slowly in a voltage-dependent

110 d type, but the Ca(2+)-dependent blocking of outward currents differed in the two cases.

111 positive to V0(1/2), leading to a pattern of outward currents distinct from that of Kir2.1 and Kir2.2

112 hannels carry approximately 55% of the total outward current during action potential repolarization d

113 rupt the intricate balance of the inward and outward currents during repolarization in atrial myocyte

114 rrent was a greater proportion of whole-cell outward currents during the night than during the day.

115 The outward current evoked by yellow light is caused by feed

116 ndings suggest arrhythmic effects of reduced outward currents expected in KCNE1-/- hearts and their a

117 However, an outward current failed in removing the inhibition, which

118 c currents were mediated by a decrease in an outward current from inhibitory synapses (disinhibition)

119 1168) null mutant removed all fast transient outward current from muscle cells.

120 e report that shear stress activated a large outward current from rat atrial myocytes, with a paralle

121 a subunit and the absence of fast activating outward current from the inner hair cells.

122 ion a large magnitude (approximately 0.6 nA) outward current generated by Na(+)/K(+) ATPase that deac

123 rane potential of -100 mV due to the lowered outward current (gluconate(-) influx) at membrane potent

124 tudies employing voltage clamp revealed that outward currents had a large inactivating (A-type) compo

125 d potassium (BK) channels underlie a primary outward current having a predominant influence on freque

126 of septal myocytes that lack fast transient outward current ( I(to,f)).

127 A residual pH-dependent outward current (I(Kres)) is observed in Slo3(-/-) sperm

128 AP (I(ADP)) and decreased the preceding fast outward current (I(OUT)) at all ages.

129 The molecular basis of transient outward current (I(to)) in Purkinje fibers (PFs) is poor

130 Calcium-insensitive transient outward current (I(to)) is important to the development

131 hat the transmural gradient of the transient outward current (I(to)) underlies the dramatic differenc

132 e important potassium current, the transient outward current (I(to)), changes significantly during ma

133 d experimental evidence supports a transient outward current (I(to))-mediated mechanism of J-wave for

134 recordings revealed that the fast transient outward current (I(to,f)) and the inward rectifier curre

135 ondly, the addition of human serum increased outward currents (i.e. at positive potentials) by approx

136 at lacks the fast component of the transient outward current, I(to,f), have action potential (AP) and

137 nly, but by further addition of hypothetical outward current, Ia, activated upon strong shock-induced

138 , contributes a major portion of macroscopic outward current in a critical physiological voltage rang

139 The GABA(B)R agonist baclofen elicited an outward current in all neurons with peak amplitudes obse

140 tion in mice unexpectedly leads to increased outward current in atrial myocytes, shortens atrial acti

141 lso play a role as the predominant transient outward current in Caenorhabditis elegans muscle.

142 the primary K(+) channel conducting delayed outward current in cholinergic motor neurons, and one of

143 sium channels that mediate transient IA-type outward current in dendrites.

144 Baclofen evoked prominent barium-sensitive outward current in dopamine neurons of the SNc from wild

145 ily underlies the predominant fast transient outward current in Drosophila neurons and the fast trans

146 d tested for their effect on maxi-K mediated outward current in hSlo injected X. laevis oocytes.

147 he clinically used drug morphine produced an outward current in KF neurons with similar potency to mo

148 tors with norepinephrine (NE) resulted in an outward current in midbrain dopamine neurons recorded in

149 in Drosophila neurons and the fast transient outward current in mouse heart muscle.

150 factor (PAF) receptor leads to a decrease in outward current in murine ventricular myocytes by inhibi

151 el Kv1.3 regulates a large proportion of the outward current in olfactory bulb neurons and gene-targe

152 onstrates that Dyn A (1 or 5 mum) induces an outward current in POMC neurons that is reversed by the

153 Our results indicate that the outward current in pyramidal mouse neurons is composed o

154 Some cells showed inhibition of outward current in response to hypoxia, whereas other ce

155 hat projected to the NAc exhibited a greater outward current in response to the kappa-opioid agonist

156 was no discernible component of steady-state outward current in the range of -70 to -40 mV.

157 ot sheep) atrial I(K1) showed an increase in outward currents in 10 mmol/L [K+]o.

158 ulation evoked hyperpolarizing responses and outward currents in a subset of retinal ganglion cells b

159 Focal ejections of NECA evoked outward currents in all cells tested and reduced light-

160 ed an aging-dependent reduction in beta-cell outward currents in both Kcne2(+/+) and Kcne2(-)(/)(-) m

161 midal neurons continue to show 5-HT-elicited outward currents in both rats and mice.

162 d mAChR activation decreased both inward and outward currents in both type I and type II HCs, resulti

163 In contrast, camphor reduces potassium outward currents in cultured sensory neurons and, in col

164 +) sparks and mediated spontaneous transient outward currents in developing MNTB neurons.

165 ge-dependent inactivation greatly attenuates outward currents in ether-a-go-go-related gene (ERG) K(+

166 To understand Kv4.3-based transient outward currents in native tissues, we tested the affini

167 n hrpu-2(lf) mutants, SLO-2-mediated delayed outward currents in neurons are greatly decreased, and n

168 oltage clamp conditions, ATP activated large outward currents in PDGFRalpha(+) cells that were inhibi

169 s of the MOR-selective agonist DAMGO induced outward currents in POMC neurons that were completely re

170 ree condition, D555E produced dose-dependent outward currents in response to a series of chloride add

171 thematical modeling to investigate how small outward currents in stimulated cECs can elicit physiolog

172 ng the axon and voltage-dependent inward and outward currents in the cell bodies are indistinguishabl

173 , hair cell depolarization elicits sustained outward currents in the hair cell, and a maintained inwa

174 r K(+) ([K(+)](o)), >/=0.2 mM Mg(2+) blocked outward currents in the physiologic V(m) range (0 to -60

175 nAChR activation also increased outward currents in type I HCs resulting in either a dep

176 activation mainly increased both inward and outward currents in type II HCs, resulting in a hyperpol

177 LP-1 decreases Kv1.3 channel contribution to outward currents in voltage clamp recordings as determin

178 Rapidly after birth, the outward current increases to 15nS-V and becomes sensitiv

179 stimulation of GABAB receptors suppresses an outward current, increasing the excitatory range of sing

180 ndicates that E2 affected the inward and the outward currents independently.

181 like the mGluR-mediated outward current, the outward current induced by alpha1 adrenoceptors often co

182 NE induced an outward current, inhibited spike frequency, and hyperpol

183 e found that under physiological conditions, outward current is dominated by the products of only two

184 he first question, we find that at birth the outward current is small (3nS-V), insensitive to Ca(2+),

185 In voltage clamp, 5-HT reduced the standing outward current (ISO) at -20 mV by 106+/-17 pA, inhibiti

186 decreased expression of the Kv4.3 transient outward current (Ito) channel.

187 unit of the channel underlying the transient outward current (Ito), as the transcript most robustly c

188 ty by diminishing ventricular fast transient outward current (Ito,f) and slowly activating K(+) curre

189 ial prolongation and reductions in transient outward current (Ito; Kcnd2).

190 Amputation induced large outward currents leaving the stump.

191 re mediated practically all by Na(+) and the outward currents mainly by K(+).

192 d mGluR5 resulted in a mixture of inward and outward currents mediated by a nonselective cation condu

193 itically dependent on the ratio of inward to outward currents near the threshold for an action potent

194 ding determined that nearly 20% of the total outward current of mouse fungiform taste cells was compo

195 red to affect the kinetics of the inward and outward currents of estrogen-responsive neurons.

196 ilitates Ca(2+) inward currents and prevents outward currents of monovalent cations.

197 We examined the outward currents of TRPV4-expressing Xenopus oocyte upon

198 t by altering the interactions of inward and outward currents on multiple timescales, but temporal pa

199 decrease E(rev) , producing large transient outward currents persisting for >10 min and rapid increa

200 ily through calcium and sodium channels) and outward currents (primarily through rapid and slowed del

201 bd concentration dependently potentiated the outward current produced by a single voltage step.

202 The increase in outward current produced by abn-cbd was blocked by KT-58

203 Hyperpolarization or shunting results from outward current produced by chloride flowing down this g

204 he presence of CO(2)/HCO(3)(-), however, the outward current produced by D555E decreased only slightl

205 In voltage-clamp recordings the outward current produced by the opioid agonist ME was co

206 Consequently, activity-dependent outward currents-produced by Na/K ATPase pumps or other

207 al and ventricular I(K1) have differences in outward current profiles and in extracellular potassium

208 rnal glycine perfusion during the recording, outward currents progressively developed at -50 mV and e

209 Likewise, outward current properties of heterologously expressed K

210 y was estimated from K(+)-induced whole cell outward current (pump capacity).

211 gating of the fast Na(+) current, transient outward current, rapid component of the delayed rectifie

212 We found that outward current recorded between -30 and +60 mV is carri

213 In the VNLL, a postsynaptic A-type outward current reduces excitability and prevents AP gen

214 are followed by GABA(A) receptor-independent outward currents, reflecting the hyperpolarization compo

215 Lamina I SP-sensitive cells expressed an outward current regularly to NA.

216 fugu5-1) lacking the classical PP(i)-induced outward currents related to H(+) pumping, whereas they w

217 Although a 50% block of the WT outward current required 250 mum Ca(2+), more than 6 mm

218 conditions from TABs but not Shams exhibited outward current sensitive to the specific SK inhibitor a

219 The outward current showed inward rectification and was bloc

220 larizing current steps, designed to activate outward currents similar to depolarizing GPSPs, enhanced

221 in slices, we recorded spontaneous miniature outward currents (SMOCs) in DA neurons of neonatal rats.

222 ocyte-to-neuron signalling by recording slow outward currents (SOCs) and slow inward currents (SICs),

223 K+ channels to produce spontaneous transient outward currents (STOCs) and the resultant closure of vo

224 pha(+) cells displayed spontaneous transient outward currents (STOCs) at potentials positive to -60 m

225 to grade Ca(2+) spark/spontaneous transient outward currents (STOCs) in rat cerebral arteries.

226 to grade Ca(2+) spark/spontaneous transient outward currents (STOCs) in rat cerebral arteries.

227 to 35.8 +/- 7.7 pA) of spontaneous transient outward currents (STOCs) recorded in isolated mesenteric

228 Ca ) channels, evoking spontaneous transient outward currents (STOCs) that hyperpolarize the cell and

229 (Epac), by activating spontaneous transient outward currents (STOCs) that hyperpolarize the cell mem

230 cell BKCa currents and spontaneous transient outward currents (STOCs) were decreased.

231 Spontaneously transient outward currents (STOCs) were more apparent (frequency a

232 cellular Ca(2+) waves, spontaneous transient outward currents (STOCs), and membrane potentials of gas

233 ent manner to initiate spontaneous transient outward currents (STOCs), events that moderate arterial

234 ent manner to initiate spontaneous transient outward currents (STOCs), events that moderate arterial

235 uency and amplitude of spontaneous transient outward currents (STOCs), mediated by large conductance,

236 rents (referred to as "spontaneous transient outward currents" [STOCs]).

237 urated MCD had no effect on the amplitude of outward current suggesting that the reduction in the out

238 ication of 1 mum strychnine alone induced an outward current, suggesting that these neurones were exp

239 single-channel currents but has no effect on outward currents, suggesting it is located within a Deby

240 thyl methanethiosulphonate) greatly enhanced outward currents, suggesting that side-chains of these t

241 The resulting resurgence of outward current terminates the plateau phase and is thus

242 it faster-inactivating and smaller sustained outward currents than those from Kcne3(+/+) mice.

243 One of the largest components of the delayed outward current that is active under physiological condi

244 tages elicited a time- and voltage-dependent outward current that peaked near -55 mV.

245 (n = 27) under current clamp, or induced an outward current that reversed at EK (DeltaImax = 24.2 pA

246 e K(ATP) channel opener diazoxide induced an outward current that was antagonized by the sulfonylurea

247 and AP waveforms evoked a rapidly activated outward current that was dependent on Ca2+ influx I(K(Ca

248 acellular application of citrate produced an outward current that was primarily K+ dependent whilst e

249 Subthreshold voltage ramps triggered a large outward current that was sensitive to the initial holdin

250 Ooctyes expressing GmN70 showed outward currents that are carried by anions with a selec

251 eversal potential and the emergence of large outward currents that are carried by normally impermeant

252 g shifts in the reversal potential and large outward currents that were evident in channels containin

253 Unlike the mGluR-mediated outward current, the outward current induced by alpha1 a

254 e clamped at the reversal potential of their outward currents, the model predicted that large periodi

255 nan-20-one) decreased inhibition by reducing outward current through alpha4betadelta GABARs, in contr

256 The reduced outward current through mutated TASK3_G236R channels can

257 agin treatment resulted in 46% inhibition of outward current through NKA at +50 mV.

258 TRPC3 knockdown also reduced voltage-evoked outward current through podocyte BK(Ca) channels.

259 We find that intracellular Mg2+ blocks the outward current through TRPC5 with an IC50 of 457 microM

260 than nonspiking hair cells, and had smaller outward currents through delayed rectifier channels (I(K

261 Under most circumstances, outward currents through inwardly rectifying K(+) channe

262 ic vesicle stores and increased postsynaptic outward currents through small-conductance calcium-activ

263 c extracellular pH (pH(o)) strongly inhibits outward currents through these K2P channels.

264 ntral lamina II cells consistently expressed outward current to both NA and 5HT, but transient centra

265 Extended islet cells responded with outward current to NA and inward current to 5HT.

266 whole-cell experiments, penitrem A inhibited outward currents to the same extent as tetra-ethyl ammon

267 In addition to this outward current, TRPML3(419P) and (I362T+A419P) generate

268 MNCs showed large transient outward currents, typical of vasopressin- and oxytocin-r

269 and firing frequency, and elicited a steady outward current under voltage clamp, but had no effects

270 evated intracellular Na+ causes an overshoot outward current upon washout of AMPH that reflects hDAT

271 Outward current was abolished in the absence of extracel

272 n duration and asymmetric in amplitude (peak outward current was approximately 95 muA/cm(2) and peak

273 Approximately 90% of the initial outward current was blocked by substitution of Cl(-) ion

274 current suggesting that the reduction in the outward current was due to cholesterol depletion induced

275 The NE-mediated outward current was induced by activation of a potassium

276 Finally, the alpha1 adrenoceptor-activated outward current was more sensitive to the calcium store-

277 tive, voltage-dependent, slowly inactivating outward current was observed in voltage clamp recordings

278 ntrols, the average time to induction of the outward current was significantly reduced in cells preco

279 n these channels were blocked by iberiotoxin outward current was significantly reduced in the uterine

280 armacological characteristics of the citrate outward current were similar to the K+-dependent citrate

281 The reversal potentials of inward and outward currents were approximately -20 mV and -60 mV, r

282 Outward currents were decreased significantly by E2 in 2

283 Large, synaptically mediated outward currents were evoked in SGS neurons.

284 Whole-cell outward currents were maximal at +50 mV and declined at

285 Voltage-dependent, outward currents were recorded using a K(+)-rich electro

286 of events were blocked by gabazine, but only outward currents were significantly affected by the gap

287 expressed in the striatum, and the resulting outward currents were used as a sensor of D2-receptor ac

288 minal domain of ClC-7, resulted in increased outward currents when it was heterologously expressed in

289 hat extracellular Cl- (Cl-(o)) regulates the outward current, whereas extracellular Na+ (Na+(o)) regu

290 toplasmic Mg(2+) specifically inhibited TPC2 outward current, whereas lysosomal Mg(2+) partially inhi

291 plication of intracellular Zn2+ generated an outward current which had the same quantitative K+ depen

292 larization reserve and increased inward-over-outward currents, which intuitively explains the repolar

293 ound to correspond to long-lasting transient outward currents, which occurred at potentials positive

294 Voltage steps produced noninactivating outward currents, which were abolished by iberiotoxin or

295 vate both the synaptic conductance and large outward currents, which, when coupled together, inhibit

296 in the whole-cell recording mode induced an outward current whilst in response to extracellular citr

297 rods but was followed by a slow component of outward current whose maximum amplitude in some cells ap

298 In contrast, RM2 shows high conductance for outward current with high external pH, but shows small c

299 NA binding domain rapidly induced a biphasic outward current, with an early transient tetrodotoxin-se

300 , large linear outward current and sustained outward current without fast-inactivating component; and