ライフサイエンスコーパス: pack-year

1 were heavy smokers (highest quartile; >/=32 pack-years).

2 er age (<60 years), and lighter smoking (<30 pack-years).

3 ped based on consumption (<20, 20-40, or >40 pack-years).

4 th low cumulative cigarette consumption (<10 pack-years).

5 were restricted to heavy ever smokers (>=20 pack-years).

6 o <40 pack-years), and heavy smokers (>or=40 pack-years).

7 inoma and light smoking histories (< or = 20 pack-years).

8 d 52% reported cigarette smoking (median, 18 pack-years).

9 fetime smokers with a smoking history of <10 pack-years).

10 acco smoking history (<=10 pack-years vs >10 pack-years).

11 ased on age and cumulative smoking exposure (pack-years).

12 ration of cigarette smoking was 22.3 +/- 1.6 pack years.

13 ver-smokers with mean tobacco exposure of 33 pack-years.

14 hics, current smoking status, and cumulative pack-years.

15 ge, 5), and median smoking exposure was 45.0 pack-years.

16 in the subgroup of those smoked more than 16 pack-years.

17 value, and a smoking history of 50.6+/-27.4 pack-years.

18 atory events were incremental with increased pack-years.

19 4 years, with smoking history of at least 30 pack-years.

20 r (>/=10 pack-years) versus never smoker/<10 pack-years.

21 atification indicator beyond age and smoking pack-years.

22 differential cigarettes/day effects and not pack-years.

23 status, years since quitting, and cumulative pack-years.

24 for NSCLC cancer in patients who smoked <40 pack-years.

25 years after having smoked for a total of 20 pack-years.

26 siveness, and had smoked for a maximum of 10 pack-years.

27 percent of patients had 10 or fewer tobacco pack-years.

28 ormer smokers with a history of at least ten pack-years.

29 ects (P < 0.05), after adjusting for age and pack-years.

30 ciation of mortality with smoking status and pack-years.

31 models adjusted for age, state, and smoking pack-years.

32 former smoking status; and 77 for cigarette pack-years.

33 ith an increased risk of mucinous (RR per 20 pack-years, 1.26; 95% CI, 1.08 to 1.46) but a decreased

34 Among ever smokers (median pack-years: 20, males; 12, females), AO incidence signif

35 143) with extensive tobacco exposure (median pack-years = 40).

36 0.98-2.23), smoking tobacco (OR, 1.28 per 10 pack-years; 95% CI, 1.22-1.34), and having primary or le

37 ory of COPD, a smoking history of 10 or more pack-years, a ratio of forced expiratory volume in 1 s (

38 ncer associations remained significant after pack-year adjustment.

39 -risk participants (smoking history of >/=30 pack-years) aged 55 to 74 years who were randomly assign

40 Male smokers of 20+ pack-years, aged 60 to 74 years, underwent a baseline CX

41 smoking (status, age at start, duration, and pack-years), alcohol, family history, oral contraceptive

42 erior to selection criteria based on age and pack-years alone.

43 older with a smoking history of at least 20 pack-years and a diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmon

44 lationships, the association between smoking pack-years and cortical thickness was tested and then re

45 atio (EOR) to assess risk by total exposure (pack-years and drink-years) and its modification by expo

46 mokers with a smoking history of at least 30 pack-years and ex-smokers with less than 15 years since

47 n excess odds ratio model that was linear in pack-years and exponential in cigarettes smoked per day

48 deled by a function which is linear in total pack-years and exponential in the logarithm of smoking i

49 okers, women who had smoked for more than 20 pack-years and initiated smoking more than 5 years befor

50 an AECOPD and had a smoking history of >=10 pack-years and one or more exacerbations in the previous

51 ked during radiotherapy after accounting for pack-years and other factors, and risk of second primary

52 ethnic difference in the association between pack-years and risk for lung cancer was assessed in the

53 The number of smoking pack-years and smoke-free years predicted the prevalence

54 Total pack-years and smoking during adolescence and young adul

55 Pack-years and years of smoking were also estimated.

56 Furthermore, estimated pack-years and years of smoking, measures of cumulative

57 he role of smoking on the risk of ALS, using packs/years and smoking duration to study dose-response.

58 ds ratio [OR]: 0.992; 95% CI 0.984-1.000 per pack-year) and positively with obesity: OR: 1.97 [1.22-3

59 smoking cessation and cumulative (number of pack-years) and current (number of cigarettes per day) c

60 1) distribution among heavy smokers (mean 35 pack-years) and never smokers.

61 <20 pack-years), moderate smokers (20 to <40 pack-years), and heavy smokers (>or=40 pack-years).

62 70 or less, a smoking history of at least 10 pack-years, and a score of 2 or greater on the modified

63 smoking status, smoking intensity, duration, pack-years, and age at quitting were all close to the nu

64 age, education, body-mass index, smoking and pack-years, and baseline levels of lung function, serum

65 adjusting for enrollment age, state, smoking pack-years, and education.

66 urvival rates in nonsmokers, smokers of 1-20 pack-years, and smokers of more than 20 pack-years were

67 with smoking initiation, cigarettes per day, pack-years, and smoking cessation in a fixed effects met

68 pation, education, smoking status, cigarette pack-years, and time since quitting smoking.

69 d for baseline PPD, education, and cigarette pack-years, and time-dependent values of age, mean plaqu

70 with age (in months) and tobacco smoking (in pack-years) as covariates showed that there was a greate

71 equivalent of task hours/week), and smoking pack years assessed in 1994 and 1998.

72 hose with a cumulative exposure exceeding 10 pack-years, associations that were evident both in autoa

73 , age, height, smoking status and intensity, pack-years, asthma, and FEV1 at baseline, we found an in

74 e than 20 years, or have smoked more than 15 pack-years at 1.51 (95% CI, 1.16 to 1.98; P = .002), 1.8

75 ter adjustment for tumor stage and cigarette pack-years at enrollment.

76 riodontal health at age 26 years and tobacco pack-years (beta = 0.10; 95% CI, 0.05-0.16; P <.001) How

77 38 years, even after controlling for tobacco pack-years (beta = 0.12; 95% CI, 0.05-0.18; P <.001).

78 Cigarette smoking for >or=5 pack-years; body mass index of >or=25 kg/m(2); and histo

79 e cumulative smoking exposure (intensity and pack-years; both P 's for trend = 0.02) when women with

80 This patient had a smoking history of 80 pack-years, but she had quit smoking 2 months prior to p

81 F-beta1 correlated with PD, AL, age, smoking pack-years, CD4 cell count, and viral load at the baseli

82 among individuals aged 55-80 years with a 30 pack-year cigarette smoking history and, if they are for

83 ponents of genetic ancestry, smoking status, pack-years, CT model, milliamperes, and total lung volum

84 s models, adjusting for age, height, weight, pack-years, current smoking, age at completed full-time

85 ion regarding age, sex, duration of smoking (pack-years), daily frequency of toothbrushing and most r

86 Estimates of excess odds ratio per pack-year declined with increasing intensity, suggesting

87 Above 15 cigarettes/day, the EOR/pack-year decreased with increasing cigarettes/day, sugg

88 Above 20 cigarettes per day, the EOR/pack-year decreased with increasing intensity (inverse e

89 ssociated with 10-year age increments and 10-pack-year (defined as the number of cigarettes smoked pe

90 w quitters with low cumulative exposure (<20 pack-years), diabetes risk was not elevated following sm

91 th cigarettes per day, smoking duration, and pack-years did not follow a linear pattern, with the inc

92 The associations of smoking parameters (pack-years, duration, intensity, and cessation) with inc

93 to 1.00; P = .04), adjusting for age, race, pack-years, education, family history of lung cancer, cu

94 els included age, Zubrod performance status, pack-years, education, p16 status, and T and N stage; th

95 increase in pulmonary complications based on pack-year exposure with greater than 20 pack years leadi

96 als aged 55 through 80 years with 30 or more pack-years' exposure to smoking.

97 ox regression analysis, age, gender, smoking pack-years, family history of lung cancer, personal canc

98 ipants with a smoking history of at least 10 pack-years, FEV1 less than 70% of predicted value, and a

99 sion (PFS) or death (OS) increased by 1% per pack-year (for both, hazard ratio [HR], 1.01; 95% CI, 1.

100 When the authors adjusted for pack-years from reported smoking history in multivariate

101 t levels of the following 3 factors: smoking pack-years, fruit and vegetable intakes, and physical ac

102 Smoking pack-years > 10 reduced overall survival (HR, 1.72; 95%

103 Heavy smokers (>40 pack-years) had increased risk for cancer if they were c

104 We found that heavy cigarette smokers (>60 pack-years) have significantly more copy number gains th

105 cal history was unremarkable except for a 20-pack year history of smoking.

106 CI, 1.5-9.3; P = 0.005), compared with a 24 pack-year history for late-onset current clinical asthma

107 viduals (aged 55-74 years with at least a 30 pack-year history of cigarette smoking, and, if a former

108 rrent clinical asthma was equivalent to a 33 pack-year history of smoking (odds ratio, 3.7; 95% CI, 1

109 A 69-year-old man with a 100 pack-year history of smoking developed gross hematuria.

110 were aged 55 to 74 years, had at least a 30-pack-year history of smoking, and were current smokers o

111 an 60, body mass index less than 25 kg/m(2), pack-years history greater than 60, and emphysema presen

112 second primary tumors increased by 1.5% per pack-year (HR, 1.015; 95% CI, 1.005 to 1.026).

113 r less than 10 years but smoked less than 20 pack-years (HR, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.28-1.45) had prostate ca

114 er adjustments for CVD risk factors (smoking pack-years, hypertension, diabetes, total/high-density l

115 chromosome 15 locus near CHRNA5 with CPD and Pack-Years (i.e., cumulative exposure).

116 iations of copy number and cigarette smoking pack-years in 12q23 (P = 9.69 x 10(-10)) where IGF1 (ins

117 R, 4.59; 95% CI, 2.91-7.25) for more than 35 pack-years in a case-control study involving 971 partici

118 me-wide study of DNA copy number and smoking pack-years in a large collection of nonsmall-cell lung c

119 d the slopes of odds ratios for logarithm of pack-years in a model for men and women combined.

120 baseline and had smoked for a maximum of 10 pack-years in their lifetime.

121 n between SE status and heavy smoking (>/=10 pack-years) in relation to RA risk (attributable proport

122 an 17.2 (interquartile range, 7-30) baseline pack-years, including 2371 heavy ever smokers (406 [17%]

123 with smoking was found both in males [IRR, 1-pack-year increase: 1.03 (1.02-1.04)] and females [1.03

124 Below 15-20 cigarettes per day, the EOR/pack-year increased with intensity (direct exposure rate

125 several cancer sites, but narrow ranges for pack-years increased uncertainty, precluding definitive

126 If smoking history is modeled for 20 or 40 pack-years, incremental cost-effectiveness ratios of CaD

127 ng that after accounting for risk from total pack-years, intensity patterns were comparable across th

128 the OS model also included anemia and age x pack-years interaction; and the PFS model also included

129 d on pack-year exposure with greater than 20 pack years leading to a significant increase in smoking-

130 attern was defined as never or past smoking (pack-years <5), no or moderate alcohol drinking (</=1 dr

131 model using linear regression (adjusted for pack-years, lung volume), followed by metaanalysis.

132 sures into never smokers, light smokers (<20 pack-years), moderate smokers (20 to <40 pack-years), an

133 HPV-positive, low-risk N0-2a or less than 10 pack-year N2b patients were similar for RT alone and CRT

134 The effect of time since cessation and pack years of smoking on biomarkers were investigated.

135 re likely to be overweight, Black, have >=20 pack years of smoking, history of cardiovascular disease

136 n model saliva, MMP-8 was mainly affected by pack years of smoking, whereas saliva MMP-9, TIMP-1, and

137 ed modification of the excess odds ratio per pack-year of cigarette smoking by time since smoking ces

138 a statistically significant 3% increase per pack-year of smoking between menarche and first childbir

139 d rates of decline in FEV(1) (P = 0.023) per pack-year of smoking in subjects with vitamin D deficien

140 significantly increased with each additional pack-year of tobacco smoking.

141 ve effect modification of the association of pack-years of cigarette smoking and lung cancer by inten

142 types were increased for dose, duration, and pack-years of cigarette smoking and were stronger for hy

143 of colon or rectal cancer (55%), 10 or more pack-years of cigarette smoking before age 30 years (16%

144 th sexes, aged 55-65 years, with at least 20 pack-years of cigarette smoking or current smokers.

145 Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for pack-years of cigarette smoking were estimated by logist

146 Genome-wide analyses of DNA copy number and pack-years of cigarette smoking were performed on 264 NS

147 and obesity over time (a measure similar to pack-years of cigarette smoking), were calculated using

148 A Cox model, adjusting for pack-years of cigarette smoking, was used to calculate h

149 age T1-3N0-N2b OPSCC and a history of </= 10 pack-years of cigarette smoking.

150 tatus, age, sex, current smoking status, and pack-years of cigarette smoking.

151 mited to African Americans with more than 10 pack-years of exposure and is more pronounced among indi

152 essation is not extended to those with >/=32 pack-years of prior smoking, they have lower risk of dea

153 rend in survival was observed for increasing pack-years of smoking ( Ptrend = .008), with HR for deat

154 ease in risk of rectal cancer with number of pack-years of smoking (P for heterogeneity = 0.03).

155 was highest among smokers who had 65 or more pack-years of smoking (relative risk = 2.72, 95% CI: 2.0

156 years since cessation, smoking duration, and pack-years of smoking all support the hypothesis that in

157 increased with creatinine, age, and lifetime pack-years of smoking among ever smokers or lifetime int

158 ed risk factors for lung cancer (e.g., >/=30 pack-years of smoking and <15 years since quitting) as s

159 response relationship was identified between pack-years of smoking and 3 outcomes, with the strongest

160 ages of 55 and 74 years with a minimum of 30 pack-years of smoking and no more than 15 years since qu

161 gnificant dose-response relationship between pack-years of smoking and the RP, as well as a significa

162 f lung function at the first measurement and pack-years of smoking at the last measurement.

163 ation (p-trend = 0.06), after adjustment for pack-years of smoking before and after first childbirth,

164 lmonary disease, and those with more than 35 pack-years of smoking had a significantly increased risk

165 Pack-years of smoking have significant negative correlat

166 lic BP, total cholesterol, diastolic BP, and pack-years of smoking in adulthood were higher among sub

167 Increasing pack-years of smoking increased the risk for Barrett's e

168 the common genetic variants interacting with pack-years of smoking on FEV(1)/FVC ratios in individual

169 eath of 1.49 (95% CI, 1.05 to 2.10) for > 60 pack-years of smoking versus never smoking.

170 We further found that increasing pack-years of smoking was associated with an elevated ri

171 we further observed that a higher number of pack-years of smoking was associated with higher viral l

172 The risk factor pack-years of smoking was most strongly correlated with

173 R = 0.76, 95% CI: 0.58, 0.99); however, when pack-years of smoking were considered, this association

174 the time of inclusion and with a minimum 20 pack-years of smoking were randomized to have five annua

175 ol subjects 50 to 79 years of age with >/=10 pack-years of smoking who were free of clinical cardiova

176 .35) and 1.77 (95% CI: 1.45, 2.15) for >/=20 pack-years of smoking, 2.37 (95% CI: 1.91, 2.94) and 2.4

177 After control for pack-years of smoking, age, sex, race, height, weight, e

178 r age, sex, heart rate, alcohol consumption, pack-years of smoking, all components of the metabolic s

179 After adjusting for age, sex, ethnicity, and pack-years of smoking, an increasing number of ACPAs was

180 Covariates included age, sex, ethnicity, pack-years of smoking, and current smoking status.

181 orced expiratory volume in the first second, pack-years of smoking, and emphysema.

182 s after adjustment for age, body mass index, pack-years of smoking, and ethanol consumption [beta = -

183 nd patient characteristics of age, number of pack-years of smoking, and systolic blood pressure were

184 f both FEV(1) and severe COPD were age, sex, pack-years of smoking, bronchodilator responsiveness, ch

185 Covariates of age, sex, pack-years of smoking, DRC assay-related variables, and

186 , weight change, height, current smoking and pack-years of smoking, glycemic load, cholesterol intake

187 ucation, birth year, cohort, smoking status, pack-years of smoking, renal function, hypertension, dia

188 rios with varying eligibility criteria (age, pack-years of smoking, years since quitting) and screeni

189 years of age, with a history of at least 30 pack-years of smoking.

190 nt dose-dependent effect when stratifying by pack-years of smoking.

191 lculated in units of mm Hg-years (similar to pack-years of tobacco exposure) and related to the prese

192 Additionally, smokers were stratified by pack-years of tobacco exposure.

193 ificant after adjusting for age, gender, and pack-years of tobacco smoke.

194 in low to high population density areas, and pack-years of tobacco smoking and decreases in subjects

195 Median pack-years of tobacco smoking were lower among p16-posit

196 th on the basis of four factors: HPV status, pack-years of tobacco smoking, tumor stage, and nodal st

197 increased risk of psoriasis with increasing pack-years or duration of smoking (P(trend) < 0.0001).

198 ong individuals under 50 years of age and 10 pack-years or greater of tobacco consumption from the ge

199 64 individuals under 50 years of age with 10 pack-years or greater of tobacco consumption, 1,175 (15%

200 in individuals under 50 years of age with 10 pack-years or greater of tobacco consumption.Measurement

201 , with cumulative tobacco consumption of ten pack-years or higher, and without self-reported or a pre

202 uamous cell carcinoma, smoking history of 10 pack-years or less, and negative margins.

203 r were ex-smokers for 1 year or more with 10 pack-years or less.

204 years or older, smokers, or ex-smokers of 10 pack-years or more with spirometrically confirmed mild-t

205 nts were aged 45-80 years, had smoked for 10 pack-years or more, and had an FEV1/forced vital capacit

206 th lung cancer, with a smoking history of 30 pack-years or more, and included both current smokers an

207 common in people who smoked for more than 15 pack-years or who stopped smoking cigarettes less than 2

208 ests, SE-IgE was more common in smokers (<15 pack-year: OR 1.11, P = 0.079, >/=15 pack-year: OR 1.70,

209 rs (<15 pack-year: OR 1.11, P = 0.079, >/=15 pack-year: OR 1.70, P < 0.001), and prevalence did not d

210 3.62), and cumulative smoking dose (> or =40 pack-years: OR = 1.78, 95% CI: 1.35, 2.34).

211 Site-specific pack-year ORs varied significantly in women (pooled OR=1

212 poprotein cholesterol (P = .04), and smoking pack-years (P < .01) were positively correlated with RCA

213 In multivariate regression analyses, smoking pack-years (P = .004) and HIV infection (P = .007) were

214 easing risk for lung cancer as a function of pack-years (P = 0.058).

215 (-4); P for interactioncurrent = 0.004), and pack-years (P for interactionex = 6.6 x 10(-18); P for i

216 lationships: age (P < or = 0.0001); smoking (pack-years) (P < or = 0.0001); race (P < or = 0.002); ge

217 mber gains than non- or light smokers (</=60 pack-years) (P = 2.46 x 10(-4)), especially in 8q and 12

218 45.9 pack-years; P = .02; RTOG 0129: 10 v 40 pack-years; P < .001).

219 atients in both trials (RTOG 9003: 29 v 45.9 pack-years; P = .02; RTOG 0129: 10 v 40 pack-years; P <

220 After adjustment for age, smoking status, pack-years, pack-years squared, energy intake, race/ethn

221 s per lifetime] or former light smokers [<10 pack-years per lifetime] and >/=15 years since last ciga

222 root calculus, and probing depth, smoking by pack-years, periodontal bacteria (Aggregatibacter actino

223 r RPA (including RPA stage, age, and smoking pack-years [PYs]) derived the following four valid progn

224 fects are dose dependent through analysis of pack-year quintiles.

225 He smoked (30 pack-years, quit 4 years ago), and drinks 3 beers each e

226 pillomavirus) and cigarette smoking history (pack-years) randomly assigned to clinical trials using p

227 ars who had a smoking history of at least 20 pack-years, recruited from six clinical sites and additi

228 Smokers with more than 20 pack-years relative to nonsmokers had greater risk of pe

229 ), adjusting for smoking (smoking status and pack-years), sex, and lifetime days of use of any pestic

230 acity ratio and a higher number of cigarette pack years smoked at baseline were significantly associa

231 ons showed that only the number of cigarette pack years smoked was independently associated with an i

232 atio of 1.4 (95% CI, 1.02-1.91) for every 10 pack years smoked.

233 tive interactions between current smoking or pack-years smoked and CFH or ARMS2 genotype.

234 factors in the epidemiologic model included pack-years smoked and exposures to diesel, aromatic amin

235 odel the relationship of current smoking and pack-years smoked and interactions with CFH and ARMS2 wi

236 s analysed with and without matching age and pack-years smoked for long-term quitters.

237 Current smoking and a greater number of pack-years smoked increase the risk of the progression o

238 A greater number of pack-years smoked was associated with an increased risk

239 Current smoking and a greater number of pack-years smoked were associated with an increased risk

240 tatus, smoking duration, cigarettes per day, pack-years smoked, time since smoking cessation) as risk

241 Amongst women with >=20 pack year smoking history (n = 19,286), 2148 (11.1%) had

242 uals over 50 years of age, with more than 20 pack-year smoking histories, living in an urban setting,

243 His social history was notable for a 20-pack-year smoking history and a recent relocation to a n

244 n adults of age 55 to 80 years who have a 30 pack-year smoking history and are currently smoking or h

245 in adults aged 55 to 80 years who have a 30 pack-year smoking history and currently smoke or have qu

246 tic adults aged 55 to 80 years who have a 30 pack-year smoking history and currently smoke or have qu

247 t and former smokers, each with a minimum 30-pack-year smoking history and mild or no abnormalities a

248 nical practice.A 78-year-old woman with a 40-pack-year smoking history has been referred for treatmen

249 His 75-pack-year smoking history has resulted in a chronic dail

250 oman with hypertension, dyslipidemia, and 35-pack-year smoking history is referred for treatment of a

251 practice.A 54-year-old man with a former 15-pack-year smoking history presents with cough and dyspne

252 y, for patients with < T4, < N2c, and </= 10 pack-year smoking history who were treated with </= 54 G

253 All findings were independent of pack-year smoking history with multiple logistic regress

254 current smoker of 30 cigarettes per day (45 pack-year smoking history), and he consumed four standar

255 okers eligible for lung cancer screening (30 pack-year smoking history, ages 55-74 years, for the ref

256 n the care of a woman with severe COPD, a 50-pack-year smoking history, frequent COPD exacerbations,

257 r 40 years of age and with greater than a 15 pack-year smoking history.

258 recipients of lungs from heavy smokers (>40 pack-years smoking history) exhibited a significantly hi

259 frican Americans, and 90 Hispanics with >=20 pack-years smoking were resequenced for the identificati

260 nodules, reduced FEV1 and FVC, and increased pack-years smoking.

261 ted for five phenotypes: cigarettes per day, pack-years, smoking initiation, age of smoking initiatio

262 were adjusted for age, sex, height, weight, pack-years, socioeconomic status indicators, cohort, tim

263 ustment for age, smoking status, pack-years, pack-years squared, energy intake, race/ethnicity, US re

264 nicity, sex, height, weight, smoking status, pack-years, systemic hypertension, and sleep apnea.

265 whereas those with a smoking history of >11 pack years tended to show more benefit with montelukast.

266 l lung cancer cases have significantly lower pack-years than NHW counterparts (P = 0.007).

267 Patients with a smoking history of </=11 pack years (the median value) tended to show more benefi

268 se risk factors including smoking status and pack-years, the hazard ratio comparing the 80th to the 2

269 48% were age 55-74 years and smoked 30-plus pack-years, therefore meeting NLST entry criteria.

270 state (Iowa or North Carolina), and smoking (pack years), to estimate associations between early-life

271 A 72-year-old man with a 40-pack-year tobacco history developed a cough and decrease

272 ial (NLST) entry criteria (age, 55-74; >/=30 pack-years; tobacco cessation within the previous 15 yr

273 very in affected areas for those at the mean pack-years value in this sample.

274 mmentary discusses recent refinements of the pack-years variable, as discussed in this issue of the J

275 ses of extended exposures, for example, the "pack-years" variable for tobacco smoking.

276 1.10-33.25, respectively, for 10-19 and >=20 pack-years versus nonsmokers) during follow-up.

277 exposure categorized as heavy smoker (>/=10 pack-years) versus never smoker/<10 pack-years.

278 (0 vs 1), and tobacco smoking history (<=10 pack-years vs >10 pack-years).

279 Current smokers of 40 or more pack-years vs never smokers had increased prostate cance

280 [CI], 1.7-49.3), heavy tobacco smoking (>20 pack-years vs none; OR, 9.2; 95% CI, 1.4-59.4), and mari

281 incident diabetes in the highest tertile of pack-years was 1.42 (95% CI, 1.20 to 1.67).

282 Among ever smokers, a higher number of pack-years was associated with an increased risk for col

283 Greater number of pack-years was associated with significantly increased r

284 Overall, the slope for pack-years was steeper in men (odds ratio for female-smo

285 e number of cigarette packs smoked per year (pack-years) was calculated.

286 in insula thickness, but cigarette exposure (pack-years) was negatively associated with thickness in

287 = 10,131; ages 45-81; smoking history, >/=10 pack-years), we evaluated spirometry and multiple phenot

288 nge, 45-81 yr; average smoking history, 44.3 pack-years), we evaluated spirometry, dyspnea (modified

289 Estimates of EOR/pack-year were homogeneous across sites, while the effec

290 1-20 pack-years, and smokers of more than 20 pack-years were 12.2%, 21.9%, and 37.4% respectively.

291 abolism: in women higher BMI and in men more pack-years were associated with increases in acylcarniti

292 White race and smoking history over 40 pack-years were positively associated with a pulmonary n

293 0%), and had a smoking history of 10 or more pack-years, were receiving supplemental oxygen or treatm

294 d exposure to smoking until approximately 20 pack-years, when it began to plateau.

295 ident from a smoking history of less than 10 pack-years, whereas the effects of smoking on arterial a

296 d 55 to 80 years who have smoked at least 30 pack-years with no more than 15 years since quitting.

297 he lung for carbon monoxide (Dlco), age, and pack-years with Spearman rank correlation coefficient (r

298 50-79 years with greater than or equal to 10 pack-years without clinical cardiovascular disease.

299 exacerbation, past or present smokers (>/=20 pack-years) without a history of asthma, from March 2006

300 vestigated, including active smoking status, pack-years, years as a smoker, packs smoked per day, and