ライフサイエンスコーパス: pair rule

1 two neurons, combined according to a strict pairing rule.

2 es of duplex DNA under the Watson-Crick base pairing rule.

3 s recognition sites as defined by the Dervan pairing rules.

4 ated match sites, consistent with the Dervan pairing rules.

5 onds with thymine and violating Watson-Crick pairing rules.

6 habet ZTGC, which violates Watson-Crick base pairing rules.

7 trained directly on annotated data and base-pairing rules.

8 ved signals of two aligned columns with base-pairing rules.

9 enow fragment) to preserve Watson-Crick base-pairing rules.

10 rvations in other species, but with expanded pairing rules.

11 rate through predictable and designable base-pairing rules, allowing the effective in silico design o

12 of homologues of the Drosophila melanogaster pair rule and segment polarity genes in a range of arthr

13 rarchy of segmentation genes (maternal, gap, pair-rule and HOX) that subdivide the syncytial blastode

14 enticle belts and stripe-specific defects in pair-rule and segment polarity gene expression.fish muta

15 e repressor, in addition to its roles at the pair-rule and segment polarity levels of the hierarchy.

16 ies suggest that these genes function at the pair-rule and segment polarity levels to establish the s

17 ich in turn convey positional information to pair-rule and segment-polarity genes, the latter forming

18 nucleotides that preserve Watson-Crick base pairing rules and choose substrates with the correct (de

19 In Drosophila, a hierarchy of maternal, gap, pair-rule, and segment polarity gene interactions regula

20 l network comprised of maternal effect, gap, pair-rule, and segment polarity genes.

21 ytium, and the subsequent action of the gap, pair-rule, and segment polarity genes.

22 cleic acid probes based on Watson-Crick base-pairing rules are also being widely applied in biosensin

23 ven within this broad context, the canonical pairing rules are remarkably predictive of polyamide DNA

24 ing between nucleotides A-T and C-G, and the pairing rules are the molecule basis of genetic code.

25 ures with DNA according to Watson-Crick base pairing rules, but contains a N-(2-aminoethyl)glycine ba

26 feedback loop with run-1, as is found in the pair-rule circuit of the beetle Tribolium Taken together

27 hila melanogaster is a crucial member of the pair-rule class of segmentation genes.

28 genes of the segment polarity, homeotic, and pair-rule classes.

29 Analysis of interactions between pair-rule components revealed that Tc-eve, Tc-run, and T

30 Embryos lacking Ftz-F1 display ftz-like pair-rule cuticular defects.

31 Drosophila pair-rule genes are expressed in pair-rule domains, but only five have pair-rule function

32 sensilla houses two neurons, which observe a pairing rule: each sensillum combines neurons of two par

33 s or chelicerates, suggesting that the early pair-rule expression pattern of Pax3/7 genes in insects

34 ts, with no free parameters, the dynamics of pair-rule expression patterns at different developmental

35 of Drosophila pair-rule genes, which display pair-rule expression patterns.

36 ilkweed bug Oncopeltus fasciatus also uses a pair rule for embryo subdivision but Oncopeltus employs

37 es DNA nanotechnology in many ways, the base-pairing rules for constructing nanoparticles are differe

38 The subsequent development of pairing rules for minor-groove binding polyamides contai

39 otif and structural analysis define expanded pairing rules for over 200 mammalian miRNAs.

40 The small molecule approach utilizes pairing rules for pyrrole-imidazole polyamides that targ

41 homo-DNA, shows stable self-pairing, but the pairing rules for the four natural bases are not the sam

42 sed in pair-rule domains, but only five have pair-rule functions.

43 pe, and exhibited aberrant expression of the pair rule gene even skipped (eve) at the cellular blasto

44 te transcription of target genes such as the pair rule gene even-skipped.

45 We found pair rule gene expression continuously deformed, flowing

46 omic resources we identify a complete set of pair rule gene homologues from the centipede Strigamia m

47 the vertebrate homologues of the Drosophila pair rule gene odd-paired.

48 This pair-rule gene circuit provides insight into short-germ

49 lated by the nuclear proteins of the gap and pair-rule gene classes but, after gastrulation, wg trans

50 ndependent of Wingless signaling, suggesting pair-rule gene control.

51 ating that maternal/gap-mediated control and pair-rule gene cross-regulation are closely integrated.

52 Drosophila hairy is a primary pair-rule gene encoding a basic helix-loop-helix class t

53 The striped expression pattern of the pair-rule gene even skipped (eve) is established by five

54 The Drosophila pair-rule gene even skipped (eve) is required for embryo

55 The product of the pair-rule gene even skipped has previously been shown to

56 ap genes Kruppel (Kr) and giant (gt) and the pair-rule gene even-skipped (eve) during cellularization

57 netic activity, the stripe 2 enhancer of the pair-rule gene even-skipped (eve) was used to express kn

58 stinct regulatory regions (enhancers) of the pair-rule gene even-skipped (eve).

59 nes Kruppel (Kr) and hunchback (hb), and the pair-rule gene even-skipped (eve).

60 ad gap gene buttonhead (btd) and the primary pair-rule gene even-skipped (eve).

61 gulation of the seven-striped pattern of the pair-rule gene even-skipped (eve).

62 (Kr) affects transcriptional dynamics of the pair-rule gene even-skipped (eve).

63 tion of insect segmentation, homologs of the pair-rule gene even-skipped have been studied in several

64 e have identified homologs of the Drosophila pair-rule gene even-skipped in the glossiphoniid leeches

65 The pair-rule gene even-skipped is required for the initiati

66 similar to those caused by mutations in the pair-rule gene even-skipped.

67 precise scaling in the placement of gap and pair-rule gene expression along the anterior-posterior a

68 s might suggest that the factors upstream of pair-rule gene expression are not conserved across insec

69 n the dipterans and that similar patterns of pair-rule gene expression can be obtained with different

70 factor "runt," a known repressor of gap and pair-rule gene expression in Drosophila.

71 domains is critical for striped patterns of pair-rule gene expression in the Drosophila embryo.

72 Detailed analysis of engrailed and pair-rule gene expression in various mutant combinations

73 These results, interpreted within the pair-rule gene expression patterns, suggest separate mod

74 he segmentation phenotype and the effects on pair-rule gene expression suggests that this role is to

75 vity lack segments and show abnormal gap and pair-rule gene expression, although no LIM domain protei

76 tion clock generates a repeating sequence of pair-rule gene expression, and how this is converted int

77 lly analysing the spatiotemporal dynamics of pair-rule gene expression, we demonstrate that frequency

78 tead plays a limited role as an activator of pair-rule gene expression.

79 pe-specific versus 7-stripe elements for the pair-rule gene ftz.

80 We present a new model of pair-rule gene function that explains the response of th

81 that hedgehog (hh) and wingless (wg) mediate pair-rule gene functions in the mesoderm, probably partl

82 The Drosophila pair-rule gene fushi tarazu (ftz) is a derived Hox gene

83 The pair-rule gene fushi tarazu (ftz) of Drosophila is expre

84 e binary cell fate dynamics of the fruit fly pair-rule gene fushi tarazu (ftz), which is regulated by

85 The periodicity of the Tribolium pair-rule gene interactions reveals components of the ge

86 The fushi tarazu pair-rule gene is required for the formation of alternat

87 onstrated stage-specific architecture of the pair-rule gene network.

88 A mouse homolog of the Drosophila pair-rule gene Odd Oz (Odz4) maps to the critical region

89 of the vertebrate homologs of the Drosophila pair-rule gene odd-paired (opa).

90 d-paired-like) that resembles the Drosophila pair-rule gene odd-paired and encodes a zinc finger prot

91 m 1), one of five homologs of the Drosophila pair-rule gene odd-paired, encodes a transcription facto

92 The Drosophila pair-rule gene paired is required for the correct expres

93 The even-skipped (eve) pair-rule gene plays a key role in the establishment of

94 gamma-heregulin, a Drosophila receptor-type pair-rule gene product, Odd Oz (Odz) / Ten(m), and Ten(a

95 arity genes is initiated by a pre-pattern of pair-rule gene products and maintained by a network of r

96 Pair-rule gene products subsequently 'imprint' segment p

97 Our findings indicate that the pair-rule gene regulatory network has a temporally modul

98 The protein encoded by the pair-rule gene runt functions as a transcriptional regul

99 Recently, the cyclic nature of the pair-rule gene Tc-odd-skipped was demonstrated in the gr

100 ch were initially described as ten-a and the pair-rule gene ten-m/odz in Drosophila, are a family of

101 sults indicate that lilli represents a novel pair-rule gene that acts in cytoskeleton regulation, seg

102 We report here that paired (prd), a pair-rule gene which had been considered to be below eve

103 ifically, we show that the Tribolium primary pair-rule gene, Tc-even-skipped (Tc-eve), is expressed i

104 ing both early stripe elements recapitulates pair-rule gene-dependent regulation in a manner beyond w

105 Oncopeltus, even-skipped is not acting as a pair-rule gene.

106 nctional division into primary and secondary pair rule genes described in insects.

107 we find that the expression of the Strigamia pair rule genes in periodic patterns is restricted to th

108 egmentation of the embryo via the control of pair rule genes including even skipped and the establish

109 lative expression of a number of the primary pair rule genes is divergent between myriapods and insec

110 a conserved hierarchical organisation of the pair rule genes, with a division into early- and late-ac

111 tinuously knock down the function of primary pair-rule genes (pPRGs), caudal or Wnt pathway component

112 The discovery of pair-rule genes (PRGs) in Drosophila revealed the existe

113 l decisions, in particular the regulation of pair-rule genes and fly hematopoiesis.

114 in a dynamic pattern reminiscent of gap and pair-rule genes and is required for the appropriate expr

115 iped expression of the even-skipped and runt pair-rule genes are both necessary and sufficient to ori

116 of almost all the eight canonical Drosophila pair-rule genes are expressed in pair-rule domains, but

117 Although orthologs of some Drosophila pair-rule genes are not required for proper segmentation

118 The pair-rule genes are pivotal in this process as they are

119 l and gap gene patterns, whereas 'secondary' pair-rule genes are thought to rely on 7-stripe elements

120 y that specifies regions in the embryo where pair-rule genes can be activated or repressed.

121 al code of Toll-like receptors downstream of pair-rule genes contributes to Myosin II polarization vi

122 Since secondary pair-rule genes directly regulate segment polarity genes

123 In Drosophila, primary pair-rule genes establish the parasegmental boundaries a

124 FF state of expression of the earlier acting pair-rule genes eve and ftz.

125 or the appropriate expression of the primary pair-rule genes even skipped, hairy and runt.

126 gand Delta, and homologues of the Drosophila pair-rule genes even-skipped and hairy, show periodic ex

127 -type, but striped patterning of the primary pair-rule genes even-skipped and runt is disrupted.

128 However, the Nasonia pair-rule genes even-skipped, odd-skipped, runt and hair

129 aneously regulate all stripes, responding to pair-rule genes expressed in stripes.

130 How pair-rule genes function during the progressive mode of

131 The 'primary' pair-rule genes generate their 7-stripe expression throu

132 JAK signaling to stimulate transcription of pair-rule genes in a segmentally restricted manner in th

133 The striped expression of pair-rule genes in Drosophila embryos is a paradigm for

134 enesis shares many properties with canonical pair-rule genes in other insects.

135 xamined the results of expressing one or two pair-rule genes in the absence of the other known pair-r

136 at refines the expression pattern of gap and pair-rule genes in the Drosophila blastoderm embryo.

137 The complement of primary pair-rule genes in Tribolium differs from Drosophila in

138 nt, the 'late element', under the control of pair-rule genes including eve itself.

139 also support the idea that prepatterning by pair-rule genes is conserved between these two insects.

140 At gastrulation, interactions between the pair-rule genes lead to frequency doubling and the patte

141 mRNA transcripts of pair-rule genes localise to the apical cytoplasm of the

142 ia uses a mixed mode of segmentation wherein pair-rule genes pattern the embryo in a manner resemblin

143 rther indicates that mutual repression among pair-rule genes plays an important role in establishing

144 o these genes, a subdivision that depends on pair-rule genes such as even-skipped (eve).

145 na (grasshopper), the expression patterns of pair-rule genes such as even-skipped are not conserved b

146 embryogenesis, paired acts as one of several pair-rule genes that define the boundaries of future par

147 ream target genes regulated by Ftz and other pair-rule genes to direct segment formation are not know

148 emporally modulated topology, permitting the pair-rule genes to play stage-specific patterning roles.

149 Within this hierarchy, the pair-rule genes translate gradients of information into

150 gmentation hierarchy, periodic expression of pair-rule genes translates gradients of regional informa

151 Pair-rule genes were identified and named for their role

152 f 27 genes; these include several gap genes, pair-rule genes, and anterior, posterior, trunk, and ter

153 olarity genes are initially activated by the pair-rule genes, and later maintain each other's express

154 he observed spatiotemporal expression of the pair-rule genes, but only when the system is provided wi

155 We propose that pair-rule genes, exemplified by Ftz/Ftz-F1, promote segm

156 be below eve in the regulatory hierarchy of pair-rule genes, in fact plays a critical role in the re

157 ctivated Tc-wg in the absence of the primary pair-rule genes, Tc-even-skipped (Tc-eve), Tc-runt (Tc-r

158 Expression of one or both of the secondary pair-rule genes, Tc-sloppy-paired (Tc-slp) and Tc-paired

159 alyzed the Tribolium orthologs of Drosophila pair-rule genes, which display pair-rule expression patt

160 skipped, runt and odd-skipped act as primary pair-rule genes, while the functions of paired (prd) and

161 egulatory interactions between the different pair-rule genes.

162 he anteriormost stripes of several different pair-rule genes.

163 ators that shape the patterned expression of pair-rule genes.

164 twork of regulatory interactions between the pair-rule genes.

165 ression plus extensive pre-patterning of the pair-rule genes.

166 athway are expressed at the same time as the pair-rule genes.

167 a reclassification of ftz and odd as primary pair-rule genes.

168 he complex transcriptional regulation of the pair-rule genes.

169 efly resembles a sequence that is typical of pair-rule genes.

170 nd wingless (wg) via regulation of secondary pair-rule genes.

171 rule genes in the absence of the other known pair-rule genes.

172 development of body segments, including the "pair-rule" genes (PRGs), which subdivide embryos into do

173 ges of segment patterning, regulated by the "pair-rule" genes, are still not well understood at the s

174 odicity, defined by the expression of seven 'pair-rule' genes, each in a pattern of seven stripes.

175 Pairing rules have been developed to predict the sequenc

176 The well-understood base pairing rules have enabled nucleic acids to be assembled

177 n beetles and parasitic wasps, for instance, pair-rule homologues are expressed in patterns consisten

178 In contrast, although in locusts pair-rule homologues may not control segmentation, some

179 urce synthesize DNA by the Watson-Crick base-pairing rule, incorporating A, G, C, and T opposite the

180 of Oncopeltus even-skipped shows no apparent pair-rule like phenotype, while stronger RNAi suppressio

181 ion may occur through irregular and episodic pair-rule-like activity.

182 The fish gene is initially expressed in a pair-rule-like pattern which is rapidly replaced by stro

183 pression at the dorsal midline, resembling a pair-rule-like pattern.

184 process in the whole animal, like Drosophila pair-rule mutants.

185 uplex structures following Watson-Crick base pairing rules opens fields in biochemistry, diagnostics,

186 man Pol(iota) violates the Watson-Crick base-pairing rule opposite template T.

187 egmentally reiterated stripes and not in the pair-rule pattern as it is in D. melanogaster.

188 expression initiates in a segmental and not pair-rule pattern.

189 However, we do not detect evidence of pair-rule patterning in either myriapods or chelicerates

190 paired and represents the first evidence for pair-rule patterning in short germ grasshoppers or any h

191 ividual lines showed specific disruptions in pair-rule patterning that were correlated with the level

192 lium reveals an unprecedented flexibility in pair-rule patterning.

193 Both the gap and the pair-rule patterns of gene expression are dynamic in Clo

194 s that read off the already periodic primary pair-rule patterns.

195 s does D-Stat, had an incompletely penetrant pair rule phenotype, and exhibited aberrant expression o

196 pattern are lost, leading to embryos with a pair-rule phenotype.

197 d) and sloppy-paired (Tc-slp) genes produced pair-rule phenotypes when their transcripts were severel

198 A set of pair-rule (PR) segmentation genes (PRGs) promotes the fo

199 A major repressor is the pair-rule protein Runt (Run), which is expressed in an o

200 The Hairy and Runt pair-rule proteins regulate Drosophila segmentation by r

201 tion in modulating the activities of gap and pair-rule proteins.

202 ents contribute to the proper integration of pair-rule regulatory information.

203 regulation of interactions between these two pair-rule response elements and the slp1 promoter.

204 Here, we characterize the features of hairy pair-rule RNA transcripts that mediate their apical loca

205 helical DNA structure and Watson-Crick base pairing rules, scientists have constructed a number of D

206 d among distantly related insects, including pair-rule, segment polarity, and neural patterns.

207 ncluding representatives of coordinate, gap, pair-rule, segment polarity, homeotic, and Polycomb grou

208 nces between the embryos, a hierarchy of gap/pair-rule/segment polarity gene function may be a shared

209 e additional gene was identified that causes pair-rule segmentation defects in embryos from homozygou

210 The pair-rule segmentation gene even skipped (eve) is requir

211 role in the Runt-dependent activation of the pair-rule segmentation gene fushi-tarazu (ftz).

212 pression of runt provides evidence that this pair-rule segmentation gene has a direct role in repress

213 arose as a homeotic gene but functions as a pair-rule segmentation gene in Drosophila.

214 uring arthropod evolution from Hox-like to a pair-rule segmentation gene in Drosophila.

215 s identified as a zinc finger homolog of the pair-rule segmentation gene odd-skipped.

216 hairy is a Drosophila pair-rule segmentation gene that functions genetically a

217 ts from transcription factors encoded by the pair-rule segmentation genes.

218 by the transcription factors encoded by the pair-rule segmentation genes.

219 gene, which was identified on the basis of a pair-rule segmentation phenotype in mutant embryos, is i

220 eleton during cellularization, and exhibit a pair-rule segmentation phenotype.

221 ne causes embryonic lethality and a specific pair-rule segmentation phenotype.

222 d in every segment prior to the evolution of pair-rule segmentation.

223 the precise spatial arrangement of anterior pair-rule stripe borders required for expression of the

224 on of the regulatory architecture underlying pair-rule stripe formation.

225 Pair-rule striped expression is regulated by two types o

226 hairy are all expressed as early blastoderm pair-rule stripes and late-forming posterior stripes.

227 This result suggests that dynamic shifts of pair-rule stripes are essential for segment patterning i

228 For example, unlike the seven pair-rule stripes of eve expression in the Drosophila em

229 interacts with the ftz promoter to maintain pair-rule stripes of ftz expression during gastrulation

230 delineating sharp expression patterns (e.g., pair-rule stripes) within broad domains of gene activati

231 expressed in the Drosophila embryo in seven pair-rule stripes, but later exhibits a segment polarity

232 Thus, pair-rule subdivision of the insect body plan is more hi

233 even-skipped (Calb-eve), a component of the pair-rule system that is directly regulated by the gap g

234 construct a logical model of the Drosophila pair-rule system that takes into account the demonstrate

235 Among the complications for dissecting the pair-rule to segment-polarity transition are the regulat

236 us central to the combinatorial logic of the pair-rule to segment-polarity transition.

237 ation, controls the transition of genes from pair-rule to segmental patterns along the anterior-poste

238 A nanotechnology relies on Watson-Crick base pairing rules to assemble DNA motifs into diverse arrang

239 mbryos to test zygotic gene requirements for pair-rule transcript localization.

240 sion levels to probe the role of the primary pair-rule transcription factor Runt in segment-polarity

241 The gsb gene encodes a pair-rule transcription factor that participates in embr

242 on of the sloppy-paired-1 (slp1) gene by the pair-rule transcription factors during early Drosophila

243 ailed (en), two other pivotal targets of the pair-rule transcription factors, strongly suggests that

244 investigating the mechanism of regulation by pair-rule transcription factors.

245 phila syncytial blastoderm embryo depends on pair-rule transcriptional regulators.

246 Drosophila pair-rule transcripts accumulate exclusively apical of t

247 ta suggest that mRNA localisation signals in pair-rule transcripts affect nuclear protein uptake and

248 se results support a mechanism of localizing pair-rule transcripts by directional (vectorial) nuclear

249 tera, localisation of even-skipped and hairy pair-rule transcripts is evolutionarily labile and corre

250 yos with multiple layers or cortical nuclei, pair-rule transcripts lie apical of both superficial and

251 We show in Drosophila that localised pair-rule transcripts target their proteins in close pro

252 rved specificity of anti-APCp1 validates the pairing rules used as the basis for the probe design, an

253 The pairing rules were tested by designing a 54-residue pept

254 Although specific pairing rules within the 2:1 motif can be used to distin