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1  increase the contributions of inversions to parallel evolution.
2 erent genera, providing striking examples of parallel evolution.
3 t evolving proteins in both clades indicates parallel evolution.
4 ational) effects of pleiotropy contribute to parallel evolution.
5 neages, thereby facilitating their rapid and parallel evolution.
6 rth to explain the probability and extent of parallel evolution.
7 n, illuminates adaptation with gene flow and parallel evolution.
8 NTSR has signatures of both parallel and non-parallel evolution.
9 whether diversification patterns demonstrate parallel evolution.
10 gent evolution and of the common scenario of parallel evolution.
11 may have been rediscovered multiple times by parallel evolution.
12 int component, reveals a spectacular case of parallel evolution.
13 brates and thus present a remarkable case of parallel evolution.
14  the South African species are the result of parallel evolution.
15 s of their adaptive solutions-will show more parallel evolution.
16 e, evidently has enhanced the probability of parallel evolution.
17 ctic forms of hawkweed, suggesting a case of parallel evolution.
18                                      We find parallel evolution across three scales: within individua
19                           Here we show rapid parallel evolution across two closely related but geogra
20 ebrates using statistical methods that model parallel evolution, although the extent to which sequenc
21                         We describe here the parallel evolution and analogies of cancer vaccines and
22  in an evolving population, (3) low rates of parallel evolution and convergent evolution between spec
23 ng with phages exhibited a greater degree of parallel evolution and faster selective sweeps than popu
24 t this amphibious lifestyle is an example of parallel evolution and has arisen from strictly terrestr
25  and neurotransmitters suggests an extensive parallel evolution and independent origins of neurons an
26 is explain clonal expansion and emergence of parallel evolution and microdiversity in tumours.
27 entified three clades as well as evidence of parallel evolution and recombination.
28  the course of evolution, including cases of parallel evolution and reversions from complex to simple
29  regions, can provide powerful insights into parallel evolution and the assembly of functional divers
30 y in two or more strains, a process known as parallel evolution, and a substantial fraction of the pa
31  assumption, allowing multiple mutations and parallel evolution, and does not treat adjacent loci as
32 unity to investigate phenotypic convergence, parallel evolution, and the enhancement and regression o
33  genes and mutations, the molecular basis of parallel evolution, and the evolutionary forces driving
34 ons in independent lineages, which is termed parallel evolution; and the evolution in independent lin
35                                   Studies of parallel evolution are seldom able to disentangle the in
36 d to extract deeper signal from the noise of parallel evolution, areal readaptation, and contact.
37 eny demonstrating loss of heterozygosity and parallel evolution as recurrent events.
38          This study indicates that analyzing parallel evolution at the genetic level could help to an
39                                The extent of parallel evolution at the genotypic level is quantitativ
40  four requirements for establishing adaptive parallel evolution at the protein sequence level and use
41 onstructions indicated multiple instances of parallel evolution, at least one definitive case of conv
42  order characters appear susceptible to some parallel evolution because of mechanistic constraints, t
43 g a rare but important reinforcing effect of parallel evolution between susceptible and resistant gen
44 proteins without salivary function, implying parallel evolution by conservation of ancestral characte
45 ed whether urban environmental change drives parallel evolution by sampling 110,019 white clover plan
46                           The probability of parallel evolution decays anomalously slowly in the numb
47                                   Allopatric parallel evolution during chronic lung infection then pr
48 ication can be acquired and expanded through parallel evolution, enabling tumors to adapt while maint
49        Here, we address these questions in a parallel evolution experiment with two Bacillus subtilis
50                                              Parallel evolution experiments enable the recognition of
51                              However, in the parallel evolution experiments in the presence of rifamp
52 pgi, delta ppc, delta pta, and delta tpi) in parallel evolution experiments of each mutant.
53                     This was done using four parallel evolution experiments that employed low or grad
54  recent example of host (i.e., mite)-related parallel evolution from dicistronic to monocistronic gen
55 eper insight into the role of pleiotropy for parallel evolution from standing genetic variation, we c
56                                      Indeed, parallel evolution has led to distinct lineages of intra
57 be an unusually high level of convergent and parallel evolution (homoplasy).
58 same nucleus experience both independent and parallel evolution, (ii) differential lineage-specific s
59 t that these data provide a clear example of parallel evolution in a complex neuromechanical system,
60 work reveals a remarkable example of spatial parallel evolution in a metapopulation, with important i
61 ution; polyclonality of driver mutations and parallel evolution in adenomas, although these are rare
62              We found support for a model of parallel evolution in Antirrhinum.
63  finite moments), is that the probability of parallel evolution in duplicate populations is inversely
64 es including the quantitative measurement of parallel evolution in independent lineages and the ident
65 ships among metastases, the scale of ongoing parallel evolution in metastatic and primary sites, and
66                    This provides evidence of parallel evolution in mitochondrial gene order for anima
67 ons in capsule synthesis gene capD underwent parallel evolution in one patient and across-body sweeps
68 he Poales have achieved global dominance via parallel evolution in open habitats, with notable, spati
69 tures of within-person adaptation, including parallel evolution in sixteen genes.
70  bacteria, illustrating an exemplary case of parallel evolution in specialized metabolism across doma
71 lance in low purity samples, and to identify parallel evolution in the context of whole genome doubli
72 other crops, demonstrating the importance of parallel evolution in the evolutionary diversification o
73            However, resistance was driven by parallel evolution in the gut and lung coupled with orga
74               The strong association between parallel evolution in the invaded range and balancing se
75 he important contributions of convergent and parallel evolution in the rise of eukaryotic parasites.
76               In one patient, the tumors had parallel evolution, including distinct second hits in SM
77                                         Such parallel evolution indicates that natural selection has
78 tively selected, and when subclonal, exhibit parallel evolution indicating an evolutionary constraint
79                                       First, parallel evolution is more likely when shared ecologies
80         At the same time, the probability of parallel evolution is non-self-averaging-that is, it doe
81                                           If parallel evolution is perfect, then the implication is t
82                                              Parallel evolution is the acquisition of identical adapt
83 closely related lineages (frequently termed "parallel" evolution) is often assumed to result from cha
84 re is not conserved, suggesting independent, parallel evolution leading to the same catalytic functio
85 longer sufficient to determine the extent of parallel evolution, making it much less predictable.
86                         Genic and intergenic parallel evolution occur particularly in antibiotic resi
87    Subclonal driver mutations are common and parallel evolution occurs in RAS, PIK3CA, SWI/SNF-comple
88 ed rates of base-changing mutations in - and parallel evolution of - defense genes, as well as reduct
89 s, and represent a unique case of widespread parallel evolution of a histone variant in Eukarya.
90 ples from the Old World) can be explained by parallel evolution of a human-like Sia expression patter
91 s underlying this split were later reused in parallel evolution of alpines from lowland ancestors, an
92 l innovations may have set the stage for the parallel evolution of ballistic predatory strikes.
93 om large gene families strongly implies that parallel evolution of both structural genes and trans-fa
94                         Our study shows that parallel evolution of CAM is present among subfamilies o
95                     These findings suggest a parallel evolution of carbonate biomineralization in the
96 ient core chondrogenic network underlies the parallel evolution of cartilage tissues in Ecdysozoa, Lo
97                                              Parallel evolution of CCR5-null alleles in humans and so
98 ion can provide a molecular basis for rapid, parallel evolution of dramatic phenotypic change in natu
99 ith intratumor heterogeneity and resulted in parallel evolution of driver somatic copy-number alterat
100                  This could be attributed to parallel evolution of drug resistance mutations resultin
101 fication over the course of the pandemic and parallel evolution of escape mutations in different line
102 ns and gene expression analysis we find that parallel evolution of flatwing on different islands is a
103                          Here, we review the parallel evolution of fluorescence microscopy methods an
104 n ancestral precursor that gives rise to the parallel evolution of GCTs and blood cancers in these pa
105                The data demonstrate that the parallel evolution of gene expression from standing gene
106               Phylogenetic analysis suggests parallel evolution of gigantism in Triassic sauropterygi
107                          Many studies reveal parallel evolution of host/endosymbiont metabolic comple
108 that this taxon may instead be an example of parallel evolution of human-like traits among apes aroun
109 evelop an automated assay for monitoring the parallel evolution of hundreds of Escherichia coli popul
110                               We hypothesize parallel evolution of inhibitor cystine knot toxins from
111 trongly support an extensive and wide-spread parallel evolution of integrative and effector systems a
112                                         Thus parallel evolution of low-plated sticklebacks has occurr
113                       We specifically detect parallel evolution of multiple SETD2 mutations within di
114 erstanding the role of exonic repeats in the parallel evolution of new gene functions, especially tho
115 detect signatures of selection involving the parallel evolution of orthologous SV-associated genes du
116 phology and pollination, and (4) evidence of parallel evolution of ovuliferous scales among major con
117                        Here we show that the parallel evolution of petal lobe anthocyanin (PLA) pigme
118 mmalian host range has prompted concern that parallel evolution of SARS-CoV-2 in animals could reigni
119                                  By allowing parallel evolution of SGC domains, this origin can yield
120                                              Parallel evolution of similar morphologies in closely re
121 se to REM and SWS at one or more loci in the parallel evolution of sleep in higher vertebrates.
122  opens up broad avenues of research into the parallel evolution of stereoscopic computations and poss
123 onary change in natural populations and that parallel evolution of stickleback low-plated phenotypes
124 te such complexity, evidence is emerging for parallel evolution of subclones, mediated through distin
125  recalcitrant substrates was associated with parallel evolution of tctE, encoding a carbon metabolism
126                                          The parallel evolution of the "same" inversion may be promot
127 onvergent evolutionary origins and massively parallel evolution of the entire transcriptomes in symbi
128 ding epidemiology of substance use demands a parallel evolution of the HIV specialist-beyond HIV to d
129        The ancient duplication of ER and the parallel evolution of the two ER isoforms suggest that,
130                          Subclones displayed parallel evolution of treatment resistance in some cases
131 erichia coli thereby provide examples of the parallel evolution of two regulatory nascent chains that
132 d evolution, and it provides a case study of parallel evolution of weediness in independently-evolved
133                              We compared the parallel evolution of wild-type and engineered noncompet
134                      Extensive within-strain parallel evolution, often involving identical nucleotide
135  untested whether this is due to independent parallel evolution or adaptive introgression.
136 independently derived, due to convergence or parallel evolution, or less likely, that they experience
137                           We further modeled parallel evolution over the Arabidopsis candidate genes
138                                              Parallel evolution provides strong evidence of adaptatio
139 ence of comparable evolutionary constraints (parallel evolution) rather than of functional orthology.
140     Nevertheless, the determining factors of parallel evolution remain poorly understood.
141 disease, general principles underlying their parallel evolution remain unknown.
142 , the chronology, and mode of the process of parallel evolution remains debated.
143 tatic interactions among genes could promote parallel evolution remains unexplored.
144 t complex patterns of variation that include parallel evolution, reversion, and recombination, compro
145                                    Moreover, parallel evolution sometimes, but not always, uses the s
146 inct terminal signaling mechanism, and their parallel evolution suggested that they inhabited an equi
147 tions of the previous experiment showed less parallel evolution than the small populations of this ex
148  of phenotypic convergence in the absence of parallel evolution that, beyond the antibiotic-resistanc
149  BDM incompatibilities commonly arise during parallel evolution, they might be virtually inevitable,
150       The surprisingly large contribution of parallel evolution to the development of the domain comb
151 y used this optimized alkylation variant for parallel evolution toward more challenging heterocycle c
152 a clade) that emerged independently, showing parallel evolution towards NICU specialization and non-s
153                                       Strong parallel evolution unique to the predator-prey communiti
154                                              Parallel evolution was also identified in non-coding reg
155                                              Parallel evolution was rampant, both across replicates o
156                            The phenomenon of parallel evolution, whereby similar genomic and phenotyp
157 on can also result in genomic-transcriptomic parallel evolution, which converges on cancer gene disru
158 s-if a single adaptive solution exists, then parallel evolution will be observed among highly diverge
159 etic theory predicts that the probability of parallel evolution will decline with an increase in the
160                 We found a strong pattern of parallel evolution, with selection on standing genetic v
161                                     Although parallel evolution within independent primate species is
162 ge associated with urbanization should drive parallel evolution, yet insight into the repeatability o

 
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