ライフサイエンスコーパス: paramutation

1 a naive P1-rr allele in subsequent crosses (paramutation).

2 neutrality (the inability to participate in paramutation).

3 ly transmitted to naive flies and can induce paramutation.

4 periments on three maize loci, which undergo paramutation.

5 , suggests that a common mechanism underlies paramutation.

6 effect on alleles that do not participate in paramutation.

7 ritable alteration of gene control is called paramutation.

8 A and PL protein, does not participate in pl paramutation.

9 e efficiency of germline transmission of the paramutation.

10 tosine methylation (C-methylation) following paramutation.

11 hylation changes that are observed following paramutation.

12 es in the complex that are most sensitive to paramutation.

13 e: its level of expression is changed during paramutation.

14 riation including epigenetic changes such as paramutation.

15 but is independent of sequences required for paramutation.

16 ncing an active epiallele, characteristic of paramutation.

17 ssion of specific chromatin states underlies paramutation.

18 RNA polymerases, is absolutely required for paramutation.

19 distinct chromatin states associated with b1 paramutation.

20 ication between the alleles that establishes paramutation.

21 NA production in alleles that cannot undergo paramutation.

22 om p1 is sufficient to induce all aspects of paramutation.

23 stablishing the silencing associated with p1 paramutation.

24 e heritable chromatin states associated with paramutation.

25 tion, recombination, genomic imprinting, and paramutation.

26 mediate the stable silencing associated with paramutation.

27 zed sequences required for B' expression and paramutation.

28 ter-proximal sequences is not sufficient for paramutation.

29 pigenetic modification of the S genes during paramutation.

30 lele of the previously described mediator of paramutation 1 (mop1) locus.

31 We show that mutation of a gene, modifier of paramutation 1 (mop1), which prevents paramutation at th

32 Paramutation, a phenomenon of epigenetic switching that

33 at is required for B-I enhancer activity and paramutation-a stable, heritable change in transcription

34 Alleles that cannot participate in paramutation also produce b1TR-siRNAs, suggesting that b

35 th pl1 and booster1 (b1) loci as a result of paramutation also requires Rmr6 action.

36 enes, mop1, rmr1, and rmr2, are defective in paramutation, an allele-specific interaction that leads

37 of the presumed maize Pol IV is involved in paramutation, an inherited epigenetic change facilitated

38 cates that the repeats are required for both paramutation and enhancer function.

39 ch to understand the molecular mechanisms of paramutation and examines evidence relevant to small RNA

40 transposons via small RNA molecules both for paramutation and for defining transgenerational inherita

41 r the study of epigenetic mechanisms such as paramutation and imprinting.

42 hese findings support a model reminiscent of paramutation and involving a trans-acting factor that is

43 e mop1 gene is required for establishment of paramutation and maintenance of transcriptional silencin

44 regulated sequences in the maize genome and paramutation and Mu element methylation require a common

45 Both paramutation and Mutator (Mu) transposon inactivation in

46 ne-silencing mechanisms play key roles in p1 paramutation and the spectrum of roles for MOP1 is broad

47 of two different transgenes, suggesting that paramutation and transcriptional silencing of transgenes

48 ated to other epigenetic phenomena including paramutation and transgene silencing.

49 mains unclear if small RNAs actually mediate paramutations and whether the maize-specific molecules i

50 c phenomena observed in plants (for example, paramutation) and in yeast (for example, trans-inactivat

51 iator of paramutation1) gene is required for paramutation, and mop1 mutations reactivate silenced Mut

52 Gene silencing and paramutation are also regulated by DDM1, providing suppo

53 Several potential roles for paramutation are discussed.

54 B and Pl alleles that participate in paramutation are simple, single genes, while the R haplo

55 veal that the tandem repeats required for b1 paramutation are transcribed from both strands, but siRN

56 y two pl1 alleles that do not participate in paramutation are unaffected in rmr mutants.

57 Although examples of paramutation are well studied in maize (Zea mays), the r

58 igenetic changes in gene regulation known as paramutations are facilitated by poorly understood trans

59 Although common in plants, paramutations are rarely studied in animals.

60 ting mutants have been isolated that prevent paramutation at all three loci and lead to the activatio

61 onsistent with a common mechanism underlying paramutation at all three loci.

62 The observation that mop1 affects paramutation at multiple loci, despite major differences

63 Paramutation at pl1 leads to heritable alterations of pl

64 Paramutation at the b1 locus in maize is mediated by uni

65 Paramutation at the b1 locus in maize requires seven non

66 Paramutation at the maize b1 locus is mediated by seven

67 re, we identify a novel protein required for paramutation at the maize purple plant1 locus.

68 The mop1-1 mutation affects paramutation at the multiple loci tested but has no effe

69 ier of paramutation 1 (mop1), which prevents paramutation at three different loci in maize, can rever

70 a common component required for establishing paramutations at diverse maize loci.

71 mplex R haplotypes have been correlated with paramutation behavior.

72 have defined specific sequences that mediate paramutation behaviors, and recent results identify a di

73 other p1 allele that does not participate in paramutation, but does contain a tandem repeated structu

74 rom a transgene expressing a hairpin RNA, b1 paramutation can be recapitulated.

75 o previously identified proteins involved in paramutation, CBBP does not share similarity to the know

76 , while the R haplotypes that participate in paramutation contain multiple gene copies and often incl

77 d expression states at each locus or whether paramutation correlates with DNA methylation and repeate

78 related allele that does not participate in paramutation demonstrated that transcription from the sa

79 late in mice several features in common with paramutation described in plants.

80 Paramutation describes a process that results in heritab

81 Paramutation generates heritable changes affecting regul

82 genous gene for which sequences required for paramutation have been defined and examined for methylat

83 osome inactivation, parental imprinting, and paramutation have direct or indirect participation of an

84 B' (the only b1 alleles that participate in paramutation) have seven tandem repeats of an 853-bp seq

85 and mutations in several genes required for paramutation implicate an RNA-mediated mechanism.

86 iable latent susceptibilities to spontaneous paramutation in future generations, suggesting a quantit

87 tal imprinting in mammals, gene silencing by paramutation in maize and silencing of the mating-type l

88 sly reported that a mutation that suppresses paramutation in maize, mop1, also hypomethylates Mu1 ele

89 t as a TCM source in a process comparable to paramutation in maize.

90 ting that b1TR-siRNAs are not sufficient for paramutation in the tissues analyzed.

91 Mutations affecting paramutations in maize (Zea mays) identify components re

92 Models consistent with the hypothesis that paramutation involves heritable changes in chromatin str

93 Paramutation is a heritable change in gene expression in

94 Paramutation is an allele-dependent transfer of epigenet

95 Paramutation is an allelic interaction that results in m

96 Paramutation is an example of a non-Mendelian-directed a

97 Paramutation is an interaction between alleles that lead

98 At the maize p1 (pericarp color1) gene, paramutation is associated with decreases in transcript

99 t levels mirror pl RNA abundance and that pl paramutation is associated with reduced transcription of

100 A protein-based epigenetic model for paramutation is discussed.

101 Although the direction and extent of paramutation is influenced by poorly understood allelic

102 tory elements in plants and demonstrate that paramutation is mediated by long-distance cis and trans

103 ses indicate that the B' region required for paramutation is mostly unique or low copy in the maize g

104 sting that epigenetic inheritance resembling paramutation is much more common than previously suppose

105 Paramutation is the ability of an endogenous gene or a t

106 Paramutation is the ability of specific DNA sequences to

107 Paramutation is the directed, heritable alteration of th

108 Paramutation is the epigenetic transfer of information b

109 Paramutation is the epigenetic transfer of information f

110 Paramutation is the meiotically heritable silencing of a

111 This phenomenon resembles paramutation-like events and occurs in both intraspecifi

112 We describe a paramutation-like interaction between two alleles, bal a

113 In contrast to its effects on other paramutation loci, the mop1 mutation does not immediatel

114 Sequences required for expression and paramutation mapped to distinct regions, 8.5-49 kb and 9

115 cent genomic studies, however, indicate that paramutation may be less exceptional.

116 and characterization of a mutation affecting paramutation, mediator of paramutation1-1 (mop1-1), are

117 We suggest that paramutation might represent just one--albeit extreme an

118 The mediator of paramutation (mop1) gene, which encodes a protein closel

119 This paramutation mouse model represents an important tool fo

120 Here, we report a new paramutation mouse model, in which the paramutant allele

121 tests indicate that RMR2 is not required for paramutation occurring at the red1 locus.

122 (CMT3) and KRYPTONITE (KYP) is required for paramutation of sulf and that there is a change in chrom

123 lly heritable gene silencing associated with paramutation of the maize purple plant 1 (pl1) locus.

124 The paramutation phenotype could be transmitted across multi

125 olated from paramutant mice could induce the paramutation phenotype, which, however, failed to be tra

126 parallels with RNA silencing in imprinting, paramutation, polycomb silencing, and X inactivation.

127 Paramutation refers to the process by which homologous D

128 Paramutations represent locus-specific trans-homolog int

129 RPD1 or NRPD1), is required for facilitating paramutations, restricting expression patterns of genes

130 Paramutations result from interactions between two allel

131 A model is discussed in which pl paramutation results in heritable changes of chromatin s

132 Paramutation spontaneously occurs at low frequencies in

133 nt in the establishment and propagation of a paramutation system in maize.

134 The various paramutation systems that have been studied to date exhi

135 ila an operationally analogous phenomenon to paramutation that is mediated by piwi-interacting RNAs.

136 if cis-acting sequences are required for pl paramutation they are distinct from the protein coding a

137 In paramutation two alleles of a gene interact so that one

138 In paramutation, two alleles of a gene interact and, during

139 These results distinguish the paramutation-type mechanisms operating at specific haplo

140 levance, and several, such as imprinting and paramutation, violate Mendelian principles.

141 er production of b1TR-siRNAs correlated with paramutation, we examined siRNA production in alleles th

142 lencing in plants and yeast are required for paramutation, yet the specific molecules mediating herit