ライフサイエンスコーパス: parasitism

1 tism among host individuals (i.e. structured parasitism).

2 als of the same species (intraspecific brood parasitism).

3 chronic and intense inflammation and scanty parasitism.

4 che controls lymph gland hematopoiesis under parasitism.

5 constitutive fitness costs in the absence of parasitism.

6 ietic response to immune stress such as wasp parasitism.

7 the genetic and genomic basis of nematodes' parasitism.

8 alization) or due to multiple transitions to parasitism.

9 iate nutrient uptake and subsequently enable parasitism.

10 fic level, most likely to reduce exposure to parasitism.

11 infection costs to fitness in the absence of parasitism.

12 y genomic reductions during the evolution of parasitism.

13 ally and unavoidably to selection for social parasitism.

14 stages, underscoring their role in nematode parasitism.

15 uld influence species interactions including parasitism.

16 are two important factors for successful RKN parasitism.

17 rrestrial environments, and the evolution of parasitism.

18 er, to manipulate host processes and promote parasitism.

19 plant innate immunity and thereby promoting parasitism.

20 jor advances in understanding nematode plant-parasitism.

21 ght be important in nematode development and parasitism.

22 ment to protect themselves or their kin from parasitism.

23 o further understanding of the cyst nematode parasitism.

24 in metazoans, as a way to promote long-term parasitism.

25 f CmNox1 and was involved in conidiation and parasitism.

26 al antigenic variation underlying successful parasitism.

27 in the evolution and mechanisms of nematode parasitism.

28 ete effector proteins that are essential for parasitism.

29 nces of successfully defending against brood parasitism.

30 showed no reduction in aphids or increase in parasitism.

31 predict the population-level consequences of parasitism.

32 ests and likely did not witness experimental parasitism.

33 y and non-randomly lost during adaptation to parasitism.

34 hift from mutualism to commensalism and even parasitism.

35 s, and such reduction is not associated with parasitism.

36 e families that are likely to be involved in parasitism.

37 morph of hosts and thus helps parents detect parasitism.

38 duction of IL-17A coincided with the peak of parasitism.

39 her hosts were flushed prior to experimental parasitism.

40 d transgenic analyses of genes important for parasitism.

41 ggesting new roots and conflicting routes to parasitism.

42 l C. burnetii proteins involved in host cell parasitism.

43 categories involved in the process of plant parasitism.

44 onary and developmental transitions in plant parasitism.

45 ble for some of the developmental effects of parasitism.

46 e diverted to the synthesis of toxins during parasitism.

47 In contrast, Gm-BIK1-6 RNAi increases parasitism.

48 cally rhg1 (-/-), by suppressing H. glycines parasitism.

49 of their genomes, and some of their roles in parasitism.

50 ion of social behavior, and the evolution of parasitism.

51 population consistently escaped from cuckoo parasitism.

52 ed levels of interferon gamma, and increased parasitism.

53 genomes offer insights into the evolution of parasitism.

54 omic changes that accompany the evolution of parasitism.

55 ents that support its comparable role during parasitism.

56 hers interested in the evolution of nematode parasitism.

57 ble symbionts that confer resistance against parasitism.

58 nalyze mechanisms that determine outcomes of parasitism.

59 emale size, thereby regulating cyst nematode parasitism.

60 lineages and are beneficial to wasps during parasitism.

61 e most diverse armamentarium of mediators of parasitism.

62 ricomycetes, with several transformations to parasitism.

63 tensely studied traits found to co-vary with parasitism.

64 oes not seem to express key genes for energy parasitism.

65 rmonal equilibrium that facilitates nematode parasitism.

66 the molecular mechanisms underpinning plant parasitism.

67 swered to advance our understanding of plant parasitism.

68 m this work that inform our understanding of parasitism.

69 raging but are also associated with risks of parasitism.

70 ntal factor that also impacts the outcome of parasitism.

71 irrored by the relationship between size and parasitism.

72 le in initializing and sustaining successful parasitism.

73 survivorship) in the presence and absence of parasitism.

74 echanisms that regulate fungal intracellular parasitism.

75 n to the long-term persistence of generalist parasitism.

76 ng the genetic and genomic basis of nematode parasitism.

77 ivores were more influenced by predation and parasitism (77%; 55 of 71 studies).

78 espread detrimental effects to hosts, making parasitism a likely cause of sex-specific mortalities.

79 uantify the impacts of Rhinanthus litter and parasitism across two soil fertility levels.

80 als that some characteristics once linked to parasitism actually predate it.

81 How the metabolic demand of parasitism affects immune-mediated resistance is poorly

82 Parasitism altered morphological and behavioural traits,

83 el may result from nonrandom distribution of parasitism among host individuals (i.e. structured paras

84 iality also fostered the evolution of social parasitism-an adverse symbiosis, in which the superorgan

85 hus, quantifying the context dependencies of parasitism and a higher-order fish predator on these fun

86 vide valuable insights into the evolution of parasitism and a key resource for the future development

87 ffects, and components affecting human brain parasitism and diseases.

88 The parasitism and emergence of P. elaeisis were also reduce

89 iously linked to the origins of apicomplexan parasitism and find that virtually all are present in th

90 dicate that biodiversity generally decreases parasitism and herbivory.

91 interspecific interactions, however, such as parasitism and higher-order predation, have the potentia

92 e cell surface and metabolism are adapted to parasitism and how characteristic cytoskeletal features

93 ional dynamics during dodder development and parasitism and identified key gene categories involved i

94 reater productivity because of reduced brood parasitism and increased nest survival, whereas greater

95 resistant aphid populations then had reduced parasitism and increased population growth rates.

96 t system for studying the molecular basis of parasitism and its evolution.

97 on can decrease fitness in plants induced by parasitism and may help explain community-level effects

98 es to gain fundamental knowledge of nematode parasitism and mutualism.

99 sity central to understanding the origins of parasitism and non-photosynthetic plastids.

100 R and increases the levels of successful SG4 parasitism and overexpression decreases parasitism by SG

101 xpresses proteins putatively associated with parasitism and pathogenesis, suggesting an active role f

102 -parasite systems and the combined effect of parasitism and pollution were investigated in chub Squal

103 e network tools to investigate predictors of parasitism and sources of future EIDs.

104 ing molecular insights into the evolution of parasitism and strategies for adaptation in this family.

105 s and the role of possible feedbacks between parasitism and territoriality.

106 e apparent ubiquity of partial sterilisation parasitism and the ability of these symbiotic associatio

107 Deltamethrin reduced parasitism and the emergence rates of P. elaeisis.

108 umental for both understanding the origin of parasitism and the evolution of dixeny.

109 transcriptional changes that accompany plant parasitism and will aid in identifying potential gene ta

110 ironmental conditions and modulate top-down (parasitism) and bottom-up (resource) regulation.

111 ntal stresses such as starvation, predation, parasitism, and competition.

112 c indices, and immunity were not affected by parasitism, and few correlations were found with chemica

113 bit a higher incidence of mortality, cardiac parasitism, and heart inflammation.

114 not CmNox2, is necessary for conidiation and parasitism, and its expression could be significantly in

115 competition, predation, niche partitioning, parasitism, and social aggregations).

116 s region (e.g., urbanization, air pollution, parasitism, and stress).

117 photosynthesis, adaptation to symbiosis and parasitism, and the explosion of animal diversity-that u

118 ce was only lost when the interaction became parasitism, and the obligate species had a slower growth

119 hosts respond rapidly to local variation in parasitism, and why it pays cuckoos to be secretive, bot

120 the parasite's various tissues in successful parasitism are poorly understood, hindering identificati

121 n at least one of these major lineages plant parasitism arose independently multiple times.

122 e 15 total sublines was first subjected to a parasitism assay to determine its resistance phenotype a

123 evil Platynotocis sp., which largely escaped parasitism at high elevations (>/= 900 m a.s.l.), to low

124 ndicated that leaf miners currently escaping parasitism at high elevations may not automatically expe

125 ant species of leaf miner appeared to escape parasitism at higher elevations, but contrary to our pre

126 increasing molecular information on nematode parasitism, available data now reflect the differences a

127 existence of a structured pattern of cuckoo parasitism based on phenotypic characteristics of indivi

128 Sex can influence patterns of parasitism because males and females can differ in encou

129 The parasitism, biological cycle, emergence, longevity, head

130 Females that never suffered cuckoo parasitism built bigger nests than parasitized females a

131 pecies-specific, with an increase of primary parasitism but a decline of predator/pest ratio with the

132 and trait-mediated effects on predation and parasitism, but these potential effects remain largely u

133 nt societies as social parasites, but social parasitism by distantly related ants is rare.

134 patial competition and can prevent stem cell parasitism by ensuring that colonies only fuse with self

135 y was associated with higher host FGMCs than parasitism by fleas that spent most of their life 'off-h

136 Parasitism by fleas with a 'stay on the host body' explo

137 We suggest parasitism by Hemioniscus balani imposes a cost to femal

138 tly include phenotypes that are resistant to parasitism by hymenopterous parasitoid wasps, which is o

139 ted by proteopathic tau and during phagosome parasitism by Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

140 erlying molecular and developmental basis of parasitism by plants is largely unknown.

141 potential role of CTLs in facilitating plant parasitism by R. reniformis, we performed a comprehensiv

142 Here, we examine the origin of apicomplexan parasitism by resolving the evolutionary distribution of

143 SG4 parasitism and overexpression decreases parasitism by SG4z.

144 redict responses and latency to responses to parasitism by song thrush, Turdus philomelos, which flew

145 the notion that they are involved in insect parasitism by Steinernema.

146 seek to identify the patterns of structured parasitism by studying great spotted cuckoo parasitism o

147 Fungal parasitism by the Chytridiomycota remains the least stud

148 of D. melanogaster to test whether surviving parasitism by the parasitoid Asobara tabida has an effec

149 ations of Drosophila melanogaster to intense parasitism by the parasitoid wasp Leptopilina boulardi,

150 Repeated parasitism by the same cuckoo finch female is common in

151 olbachia wMel on Drosophila survival against parasitism by two common wasps, Leptopilina heterotoma a

152 Tropilaelaps mercedesae parasitism can cause Apis mellifera colony mortality in

153 Parasitism can cause clonal integration to negatively af

154 Northomicrodon parasitism can exert high fitness costs to a host colony

155 This coupled parasitism can result in the indirect control of eukaryo

156 n in all plastid genes is linked to obligate parasitism, characterized by the parasite's dependence o

157 ween crayfish and their worms can shift from parasitism/commensalism to mutualism as crayfish age.

158 gh ecological antagonisms such as predation, parasitism, competition, and abiotic environmental stres

159 tualism, facultative mutualism, competition, parasitism, competitive exclusion, or failed mutualism l

160 interaction types present and the levels of parasitism considered.

161 The mutualism-parasitism continuum framework can be used to understand

162 nteraction from mutualism to commensalism or parasitism depended on whether the nutrient that limited

163 st age on C. cunea mass rearing by measuring parasitism, development and adult fertility of C. cunea

164 rding both species' response to experimental parasitism did not change.

165 e structures embedded within the root during parasitism did not show Rr-ctl expression.

166 Predation and parasitism each reduced the abundance of the intermediat

167 fected individuals, but the magnitude of the parasitism effect usually exceeded the magnitude of the

168 ased daylength leads to an increase in total parasitism effects on fitness.

169 lder parents can gain more information about parasitism events and therefore have better chances of s

170 If these birds witness parasitism events, they may recognize and reject foreign

171 This was achieved by combining controlled parasitism experiments with cytological studies of infec

172 the marine carbon pump through necrotrophic-parasitism, facilitating the export of diatoms to the se

173 to intervene in insect immunity or nematode parasitism for the efficient management of noxious insec

174 often intermediate and do not strongly track parasitism frequencies in field populations.

175 informative for the evolution of obligatory parasitism from free-living lifestyle and the evolution

176 ed a striking expansion of numerous putative parasitism genes, including certain protease and proteas

177 The community module also revealed that parasitism had context-dependent influences, for one pre

178 tic interactions and local demography: brood parasitism had little detected impact on extinction or c

179 However, in combination, predation and parasitism had non-additive effects on the abundance of

180 Sexual parasitism has evolved as a distinctive mode of reproduc

181 sion routes and found that ungulate helminth parasitism has evolved some 25 times.

182 s are known to engage in either reproductive parasitism (i.e., male killing) or defense against natur

183 ease control in the few cases where nematode parasitism impacts wildlife.

184 itive indirect (litter) and negative direct (parasitism) impacts of parasitic plants to understand th

185 to provide an analogous function throughout parasitism.IMPORTANCE Viruses are generally considered t

186 e comprehensively reviewed the literature on parasitism in animal hybrid zones and present an evoluti

187 is can be the proximate mechanism for social parasitism in ants, revealing striking analogies between

188 h MiRALF1/3 and FERONIA are required for RKN parasitism in Arabidopsis and rice.

189 sponse in acutely infected hearts that keeps parasitism in check and triggers cardiac abnormalities.

190 owing interest in ecological consequences of parasitism in food webs, relatively little is known abou

191 We found that increased parasitism in horizontally transmitted chlamydiae residi

192 s increased at the peak of tissue lesion and parasitism in infected mice.

193 edly reduces NO production and intracellular parasitism in macrophages.

194 ian hosts tend to accept a certain degree of parasitism in order to avoid retaliating punishment from

195 l gene families that have been implicated in parasitism in other nematode species.

196 control-impact field experiment that tracked parasitism in snails and people at two matched villages

197 -living lifestyle and the evolution of human parasitism in some trypanosomatid lineages.

198 ers in the understanding of the evolution of parasitism in the Apicomplexa from free-living ancestors

199 provide insights into the early evolution of parasitism in the apicomplexans and illustrate the impor

200 tworks, combining pollination, herbivory and parasitism in the UK and New Zealand.

201 n the origins and biological consequences of parasitism in these iconic invertebrates.

202 roteins--is associated with the evolution of parasitism in this clade.

203 actions that have arisen during evolution of parasitism in ticks.

204 the intermediate consumer (Paramecium), and parasitism indirectly reduced the abundance of the basal

205 Prior results have provided insights into parasitism-induced immunosuppression, including the neur

206 ate of aggression among gobies increases and parasitism intensifies this interaction.

207 tive (mutualism) or energetically expensive (parasitism) interactions.

208 l) as well as antagonistic (e.g., herbivory, parasitism) interactions.

209 Parasitism is a major ecological niche for a variety of

210 The evolution of parasitism is a recurrent event in the history of life a

211 Conspecific brood parasitism is common in coots and brood parasitic chicks

212 multiflorum), indicating that resistance to parasitism is host plant-dependent.

213 ely in P-limited systems and commensalism or parasitism is likely in N-limited systems.

214 In the Pacific-Arctic domain, fungal parasitism is linked to light intensities and algal stre

215 Parasitism is ubiquitous in nature with widespread detri

216 Although Philornis parasitism kills nestlings in several native host specie

217 es classic predation links outnumber classic parasitism links.

218 The emergence of parasitism may not be driven by acquisition of novel com

219 This suggests that paternal protection from parasitism might be important, particularly when there a

220 rfered with the negative effect of aphids on parasitism (modification of an interaction modification)

221 ow the symbiont to alter its position in the parasitism-mutualism continuum depending on the mode of

222 the propensity for this to occur across the parasitism-mutualism continuum is unknown.

223 pQBR103 [16], across an environment-mediated parasitism-mutualism continuum.

224 ity of genetic sequences that evolve along a parasitism-mutualism continuum.

225 ctions become increasingly important along a parasitism/mutualism continuum because; (i) negative out

226 Its acute phase is associated with high parasitism, myocarditis and profound myocardial gene exp

227 ay activation in the PSC in response to wasp parasitism non-cell autonomously induces the lymph gland

228 uges increases as refuges become scarce, but parasitism nullifies this increase.

229 om 196 sites across New Zealand to show that parasitism of a key pasture pest (Listronotus bonariensi

230 eprogramming during Heterodera cyst nematode parasitism of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana).

231 gene expression patterns during H. schachtii parasitism of Arabidopsis to ensure optimal cellular fun

232 ssion of miR858 interfered with H. schachtii parasitism of Arabidopsis, leading to reduced susceptibi

233 factors by which MYB83 facilitates nematode parasitism of Arabidopsis.

234 ave clearly been linked to wasps' successful parasitism of Drosophila [6], but the composition of VLP

235 nct predatory strategies: nematode trapping, parasitism of females and eggs, and endoparasitism.

236 at HaEXPB2 may play an important role in the parasitism of H. avenae through targeting the host cell

237 ological processes to promote the successful parasitism of host plants.

238 ne mechanism by which cyst nematodes promote parasitism of host plants.

239 ar and cellular mechanisms underlying fungal parasitism of nematodes.

240 Intracellular parasitism often results in gene loss, genome reduction,

241 imental manipulation significantly increased parasitism on B. dracunculifoliae in the treatment plots

242 ore, the present study focused on effects of parasitism on bioaccumulation of selenium (Se) in rainbo

243 well as co-evolutionary feedbacks of fungal parasitism on host populations is also limited.

244 parasitism by studying great spotted cuckoo parasitism on individual magpie hosts over five breeding

245 iated and trait-mediated indirect effects of parasitism on non-host species creates rich and complex

246 d interactive effects of refuge shortage and parasitism on two behaviours we predicted might be assoc

247 fferent population regulation forces (either parasitism or competitive exclusion) will reduce the suc

248 ies, but showed no context dependencies with parasitism or higher-order fish predator.

249 oorganisms that protect them from predation, parasitism or pathogen infection.

250 metabolisms overcoming extinction either via parasitism or via a lack of metabolic support.

251 coming a key group of organisms for studying parasitism, parasitoid genomics, and mating biology.

252 tions, to test if it would experience higher parasitism pressure.

253 immune response could explain differences in parasitism rate between northern and southern sites.

254 To test the significance of increased parasitism rate for population dynamics, we developed a

255 We found that parasitism rate increased with daylength, with ALAN inte

256 ilines negatively affected density-dependent parasitism rates (interaction modification) likely by ki

257 arasitoids, can significantly explain future parasitism rates and herbivore abundances.

258 d whether longer photoperiods lead to higher parasitism rates by a day-active parasitoid on its host

259 e abundance of predators and parasitoids and parasitism rates increased significantly in the eco-engi

260 we demonstrate experimentally that declining parasitism rates occurred in ryegrass Lolium perenne, wh

261 Overall, females escaping from cuckoo parasitism reared twice as many chicks per year than tho

262 After the drug was discontinued, parasitism rebounded, and immunopathology recurred.

263 RONIA to modulate specific steps of nematode parasitism-related immune responses and cell expansion.

264 ings suggest that the transition to obligate parasitism relaxes functional constraints on plastid gen

265 which ones are specifically associated with parasitism requires comparison with related non-parasite

266 Parasitism resulted when both species required the growt

267 ed by intense parasitemia and cardiac tissue parasitism, resulting in the recruitment of inflammatory

268 Intracellular parasitism results in extreme adaptations, whose evoluti

269 For common cuckoo hosts, assessing parasitism risk is challenging: cuckoo eggs are mimetic

270 y defences in response to local predation or parasitism risk.

271 In order to investigate the process of parasitism, RNAs from different stages (i.e. seed, seedl

272 In both cases, the negative effect of parasitism seemed to be effaced by predation.

273 Cheating need not entail parasitism; selection favours cheating as a quantitative

274 Our results demonstrate that parasitism significantly down-regulated, or delayed, exp

275 AnxA1(-/-) mice controlled tissue parasitism similarly to WT animals, but they developed s

276 tized, and the remaining 60.4% changed their parasitism status.

277 nd wasps without DlEPV have severely reduced parasitism success compared to those with a typical vira

278 Our results reveal that parasitism success in A. parviclava differs both dependi

279 t centrality covaries with key predictors of parasitism, such as population density and geographic ra

280 , most of these predate the transition(s) to parasitism, suggesting that the presence of certain prec

281 to significant intensification of trematode parasitism, suppressed fecundity of common benthic organ

282 ysosomal fusion, leading to a nondestructive parasitism that allows bacteria to persist intracellular

283 We report a decline in parasitism that represents a reduction in an important e

284 chronic phase of this model increased tissue parasitism to acute-phase levels and induced neutrophili

285 een eukaryotic hosts and bacteria range from parasitism to mutualism and may deeply influence both pa

286 , we find that the establishment of obligate parasitism triggers the relaxation of selective constrai

287 ions may not automatically experience higher parasitism under warmer conditions and future changes in

288 cells highlights an ancestral mechanism for parasitism used by apicomplexans.

289 gests that nematode-encoded RALFs facilitate parasitism via plant-encoded FERONIA and provides a nove

290 phic niche specialisations could result from parasitism via varying influences on host traits, raisin

291 ochemical function in the context of extreme parasitism, we examined the Lophophytum mitochondrial an

292 evolutionary adaptation of polar capsules to parasitism, we used as a model organism Ceratonova shast

293 pression of many genes encoding mediators of parasitism were significantly associated with the level

294 urban frogs can reduce risk of predation and parasitism when moved to the forest, but that forest fro

295 cis sp. did not experience greater levels of parasitism when translocated to lower elevations.

296 ividuals/populations show no defence against parasitism, which has been explained within the frame of

297 cluding early spring flight season and brood parasitism, which may indicate adaptation to conditions

298 ative to wild-type hosts, which responded to parasitism with localized elevation of indole and alipha

299 sis and from restricted commensalism to semi-parasitism, with the specialisation to particular hosts

300 mice results in pancreatic inflammation and parasitism within pancreatic beta-cells with apparent sp