ライフサイエンスコーパス: parvocellular

1 rease was approximately two times greater in parvocellular (59%) than magnocellular (31%) layers.

2 e prolactin (PRL) immunoreactive in both the parvocellular (84.95% +/- 4.11%) and the magnocellular (

3 PPP2R2C, and SFRP2) and one was enriched in parvocellular and koniocellular layers (TCF7L2).

4 cal population activity, whereas activity in parvocellular and magnocellular cells is less correlated

5 tegmental nucleus of the pons that has both parvocellular and magnocellular cholinergic neurons, ind

6 one levels and Fos induction in the both the parvocellular and magnocellular divisions of the nucleus

7 ocellular geniculate layers (rather than the parvocellular and magnocellular layers) are principal ta

8 ld monkeys, are well differentiated from the parvocellular and magnocellular layers.

9 l fluctuations, whereas evolutionarily newer parvocellular and magnocellular LGN cells do not.

10 and amygdala, and in anterior and posterior parvocellular and magnocellular nuclei of the preoptic a

11 Parvocellular and magnocellular PVN neurons are richly i

12 n the lateral septal nucleus and in both the parvocellular and magnocellular subdivisions of the para

13 responsive lateralized secretion of AVP from parvocellular and/or magnocellular axons in the median e

14 macaque monkey retina, where the low (midget/parvocellular) and high-frequency (parasol/magnocellular

15 emble those of neurons in the magnocellular, parvocellular, and koniocellular layers of their target

16 derivatives from the CoP (olivary pretectal, parvocellular, and magnocellular posterior commissure an

17 und in the anterior parvocellular, posterior parvocellular, and magnocellular preoptic nuclei.

18 erior (ap-), medial (mp-), and lateral (lp-) parvocellular, and posterior magnocellular (pm-) subdivi

19 VN corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) and parvocellular arginine vasopressin (AVP) mRNA expression

20 ioural changes correlate with a reduction of parvocellular arginine vasopressin (AVP)-positive neuron

21 dus, but favors the hypothesis that central, parvocellular AVP mechanisms underlie the regulation of

22 uction in the PVN but did not affect CRH and parvocellular AVP mRNA expression in the PVN.

23 ch was more prominent for magnocellular than parvocellular biased stimuli.

24 ients with schizophrenia, but were intact to parvocellular-biased HSF stimuli, regardless of generato

25 Conversely, parvocellular-biased stimuli significantly activated a p

26 vated the orbitofrontal cortex compared with parvocellular-biased stimuli.

27 in response to magnocellular-biased, but not parvocellular-biased, stimuli (P = .001).

28 ntage for the magnocellular, but not for the parvocellular-biased, stimuli, whereas the opposite was

29 rect evidence that normal functioning of the parvocellular but not magnocellular oxytocin pathway is

30 NMDA, which destroyed parvocellular but spared magnocellular neurons, caused n

31 laminar nucleus, but they were absent in the parvocellular C laminae.

32 Thus, while deeply modulated responses in parvocellular cells have a larger absolute variability t

33 Most parvocellular cells in and near the fovea respond reliab

34 Here, we find a cohort of parvocellular cells interspersed with magnocellular PVN

35 receiving excitatory S-cone input but not in parvocellular cells or those receiving inhibitory S-cone

36 l test, was linear for all magnocellular and parvocellular cells tested; that is, Y cells were not ob

37 culation and project to limbic structures or parvocellular cells that regulate the stress axis and ot

38 groups, but in multiple sclerosis brains the parvocellular cells were significantly smaller (mean siz

39 tivity and TF tuning are similar to those of parvocellular cells, and they receive negligible functio

40 asing contrast, likely reflecting a dominant parvocellular channel input.

41 trate that autism risk genes are enriched in parvocellular compared with magnocellular oxytocin neuro

42 istry revealed that a subset (12%) of medial parvocellular CRH neurons in the rat hypothalamus contai

43 potential target neurons in the PVN, such as parvocellular CRH neurons, controlling physiologic respo

44 europeptides regulating ACTH release, in the parvocellular division of paraventricular nucleus (pcPVN

45 gation is clearly established throughout the parvocellular division of the dLGN, and substantial ocul

46 lyzed by in situ hybridization in the medial parvocellular division of the hypothalamic paraventricul

47 reases in both CRH and AVP hnRNAs within the parvocellular division of the nucleus.

48 opin-releasing hormone (CRH) neurones in the parvocellular division of the paraventricular nucleus (p

49 ia several brain areas and integrated in the parvocellular division of the paraventricular nucleus (P

50 the central nucleus of the amygdala, and the parvocellular division of the paraventricular nucleus of

51 n) RNA increased rapidly and markedly in the parvocellular division of the PVN.

52 inputs converge upon the cells of the medial parvocellular division of the PVN.

53 stress-induced c-fos mRNA expression in the parvocellular division of the PVN.

54 n (AVP) is present in both magnocellular and parvocellular divisions of the PVN, and the latter popul

55 nated) tasks than face- or color-perception (parvocellular-dominated) tasks, the authors measured bra

56 By interrogating magnocellular as well as parvocellular dopamine, GABA, glutamate, and phenotypica

57 al stream dysfunction, with some deficits in parvocellular function as well.

58 Early magnocellular/parvocellular function was assessed using contrast sensi

59 The inhibition of parvocellular GABA(A) currents by SP was also abolished

60 ical recordings of primate magnocellular and parvocellular ganglion cell responses to luminance and r

61 Analysis of cone inputs to primate parvocellular ganglion cells suggests that red-green spe

62 rimate fovea have been quantified for midget/parvocellular ganglion cells.

63 erlap most extensively include the brainstem parvocellular, gigantocellular, intermediate, and medull

64 able in early responses in layer 4Cbeta, the parvocellular-input layer, but not in the magnocellular-

65 synaptic one that provides robust magno- and parvocellular inputs to the middle temporal area (MT).

66 , these results suggest that ascending magno/parvocellular inputs to V4 are more hierarchically organ

67 pretectalis, the superficial tectum, and the parvocellular isthmic nucleus.

68 s with regard to the eye of origin or to the parvocellular, koniocellular, or magnocellular type neur

69 The lack of robust magno- and parvocellular label was not due to ineffective viral tra

70 d the variability of responses of individual parvocellular lateral geniculate neurons of dichromatic

71 organization of receptive fields in macaque parvocellular lateral geniculate nucleus cells by using

72 of increased dispersion of cell sizes in the parvocellular layer (r = 0.8, P < 0.04).

73 ctive atrophy of the smaller neurones of the parvocellular layer in the lateral geniculate nucleus, s

74 four times greater in the magnocellular than parvocellular layers (38% versus 10%).

75 nces, we screened RNA from magnocellular and parvocellular layers of adult macaque dLGN for layer-spe

76 ched both in layer IV axons originating from parvocellular layers of the dorsal lateral geniculate nu

77 oid primates, cells in the magnocellular and parvocellular layers of the dorsal lateral geniculate nu

78 orded from neurones in the magnocellular and parvocellular layers of the lateral geniculate nucleus (

79 retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) project to the parvocellular layers of the lateral geniculate nucleus (

80 ly reduced by blocking magnocellular but not parvocellular layers of the lateral geniculate nucleus (

81 tract, the volumes of the magnocellular and parvocellular layers of the LGN, and the surface area an

82 ctions of eccentricity) of magnocellular and parvocellular layers to be determined after eliminating

83 suppressed activity in some areas within the parvocellular layers; the SC was inconsistently modulate

84 Parvocellular LGN neurons mapped in this manner responde

85 SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The magnocellular and parvocellular (M-P) streams are fundamental components o

86 Magnocellular versus parvocellular (M-P) streams are fundamental to the organ

87 Parvocellular magnification was approximately 10,000 tim

88 Dual PRV-labeled cells were found in parvocellular, magnocellular and descending/pre-autonomi

89 erior and centromedian nuclei as well as the parvocellular, magnocellular, and caudodorsal subdivisio

90 mouthbrooding females had similar numbers of parvocellular, magnocellular, and gigantocellular AVT ce

91 ee parallel neuronal channels designated the parvocellular, magnocellular, and interlaminar pathways.

92 n the caudal half of the spinal, medial, and parvocellular medial vestibular nuclei.

93 We showed recently that magnocellular and parvocellular neuroendocrine cells of the hypothalamic p

94 For example, an L+ center parvocellular neuron would be L+/M- in both center and s

95 Several peptidergic subtypes of parvocellular neuron, identified by single-cell reverse

96 ocellular neurones were larger than those of parvocellular neurones at similar eccentricities.

97 e that such plasticity of gene expression in parvocellular neurones has been demonstrated, and in pri

98 hGH was also expressed in parvocellular neurones in suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN),

99 species magnocellular neurones differed from parvocellular neurones in that their responses (1) had h

100 Magnocellular and parvocellular neurones of the hypothalamic paraventricul

101 For although parvocellular neurones of the paraventricular nucleus no

102 the synthesis of vasopressin is increased in parvocellular neurones of the paraventricular nucleus, t

103 magnocellular neurones and type II, putative parvocellular neurones of the PVN can be attributed to t

104 of the differences between magnocellular and parvocellular neurones that have been described in the m

105 the response properties of magnocellular and parvocellular neurones.

106 ally strong on average for magnocellular and parvocellular neurones.

107 ol mechanism, although this was not seen for parvocellular neurones.

108 ority of corticotropin-releasing factor-like parvocellular neurons also expressed Fos-like protein fo

109 ly stronger among magnocellular neurons than parvocellular neurons and that suppression arises too qu

110 tized animal, we show that magnocellular and parvocellular neurons in the alert animal respond to vis

111 creasing responses of both magnocellular and parvocellular neurons in the first relay between retina

112 In summary, though variability of parvocellular neurons is largely independent of the way

113 In vivo activity of "presympathetic" parvocellular neurons is suppressed by tonic inhibition

114 s of the central nucleus of the amygdala and parvocellular neurons of the hypothalamic paraventricula

115 otropin-releasing hormone (CRH), produced by parvocellular neurons of the hypothalamic paraventricula

116 ons, also known to directly innervate medial parvocellular neurons of the paraventricular hypothalami

117 c (CA) neurons (A1/C1, A2/C2) project to the parvocellular neurons of the PVN, possess glucocorticoid

118 VN cells were classified as magnocellular or parvocellular neurons on the basis of electrophysiologic

119 Selectively activating these parvocellular neurons promotes social motivation, wherea

120 Unexpectedly, both magnocellular and parvocellular neurons received inhibitory synaptic input

121 Red-green opponent parvocellular neurons received opponent cone input (L+M-

122 Conversely, non-opponent parvocellular neurons showed the opposite tendency.

123 hat a much smaller population of OT neurons, parvocellular neurons that do not project to the pituita

124 ted ER-beta-IR, and the absence of FOS-IR in parvocellular neurons that retain ER-beta-IR suggest a r

125 1a deletion eliminates responsiveness of PVN parvocellular neurons to Ang-II, and suggest that Ang-II

126 inal circuitry may augment specialization of parvocellular neurons to signal luminance or chromatic c

127 ergic (DBH) terminal immunoreactivity on PVN parvocellular neurons using immunofluorescence confocal

128 By contrast, pCREB was induced in parvocellular neurons with a time course parallel to tha

129 For parvocellular neurons with pronounced colour opponency,

130 because ER-beta-IR remained unaltered in PVN parvocellular neurons.

131 nd a surrounding shell composed primarily of parvocellular neurons.

132 cell size was seen for magnocellular versus parvocellular neurons.

133 nuclear group of thalamus, and hypothalamic parvocellular neurons.

134 Small assemblies of hypothalamic "parvocellular" neurons release their neuroendocrine sign

135 al interaction in both PVN magnocellular and parvocellular neurosecretory cells.

136 trical footshock induces c-fos expression in parvocellular neurosecretory neurons expressing corticot

137 excitatory glutamatergic synaptic inputs to parvocellular neurosecretory neurons of the hypothalamic

138 receptors are localized predominantly to the parvocellular neurosecretory neurons of the paraventricu

139 nces of genes encoding ACTH secretagogues in parvocellular neurosecretory neurons of the paraventricu

140 A did not change significantly in either the parvocellular or magnocellular division of the PVN after

141 In primate visual pathways, inputs from parvocellular or magnocellular layers of the lateral gen

142 that magnocellular, or type I neurones, and parvocellular, or type II neurones, of the PVN express d

143 The PVN also harbors parvocellular OT cells that project to the brainstem and

144 Thus, parvocellular OT neurons receive particular inputs to co

145 , we identified a subset of approximately 30 parvocellular OT neurons, with collateral projections on

146 Magnocellular and parvocellular oxytocin neurons have been proposed to sub

147 ensive characterization of magnocellular and parvocellular oxytocin neurons in male mice, validated a

148 ere, we map neurons involved with the midget-parvocellular (P pathway) and parasol-magnocellular (M p

149 sually driven activity in magnocellular (M), parvocellular (P) and koniocellular (K) layers of the LG

150 separate tissue compartments related to the parvocellular (P) and magnocellular (M) layers of the la

151 ation: layers 3Bbeta, 4, and 6 of V1 and the parvocellular (P) and magnocellular (M) layers of the LG

152 As expected, cells in the parvocellular (P) and magnocellular (M) layers received

153 Parvocellular (P) and magnocellular (M) LGN cells show w

154 We found that parvocellular (P) cells (the more numerous and color-sen

155 cellular (M) cells but essentially absent in parvocellular (P) cells and neurons that received input

156 niculate nucleus (LGN) magnocellular (M) and parvocellular (P) cells our goal was to construct a phys

157 llular (M) visual pathway, with little or no parvocellular (P) contribution.

158 ties of neurons in the magnocellular (M) and parvocellular (P) divisions of the LGN were qualitativel

159 ntially stimulating magnocellular (M) versus parvocellular (P) ganglion cells.

160 ids, which carry mixed magnocellular (M) and parvocellular (P) information to downstream areas, and s

161 ular (M) pathway to clear threat, and of the parvocellular (P) pathway to threat ambiguity.

162 athway and that midget RGCs give rise to the parvocellular (P) pathway.

163 onse properties of the magnocellular (M) and parvocellular (P) pathways, with their ON and OFF pathwa

164 s class I neurons whose axonal arbors target parvocellular (P) recipient layer 4Cbeta receive input f

165 parallel pathways: the magnocellular (M) and parvocellular (P) streams that project to separate layer

166 recombines inputs from magnocellular (M) and parvocellular (P) streams to create functionally special

167 mids, which carry both magnocellular (M) and parvocellular (P) visual signals, and spiny stellates, w

168 t relay cell classes, the magnocellular (M), parvocellular (P), and koniocellular (K) cells.

169 e the sensory signal into magnocellular (M), parvocellular (P), and koniocellular (K) streams.

170 g conscious visual perception are the midget-parvocellular (P), and the parasol-magnocellular (M) pat

171 The volume of parvocellular (P), magnocellular (M), and koniocellular

172 Both the magnocellular (M)- and the parvocellular (P)-cell populations scale allometrically

173 ng via parallel pathways (magnocellular [M], parvocellular [P], and koniocellular [K]) from the thala

174 s innervate the functionally specific (e.g., parvocellular [P], magnocellular [M], and koniocellular

175 eurones (25 %) were located in the posterior parvocellular (PaPo) subnucleus, and were oriented perpe

176 arius (NST), frontal cerebral cortex and the parvocellular paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus (PVN)

177 ined in the bed nucleus of stria terminalis, parvocellular paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus, and

178 ere markedly depleted in the BNST and medial parvocellular paraventricular hypothalamus (PVNmp) in DS

179 one (CRH) mRNA expression in the dorsomedial parvocellular paraventricular nucleus (pPVN) and increas

180 nduction of c-fos and/or NGFI-B mRNAs in the parvocellular paraventricular nucleus (pPVN) has been do

181 ropin-releasing hormone (CRH) neurons in the parvocellular paraventricular nucleus (pPVN) play a key

182 rcuate (ARC), ventromedial (VMN) nucleus and parvocellular paraventricular nucleus (PVN).

183 nucleus of the stria terminalis, and medial parvocellular paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamu

184 Fos staining 6 hours after LPS included the parvocellular paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamu

185 nucleus, midline nuclei), and hypothalamus (parvocellular paraventricular nucleus, arcuate nucleus,

186 and mediodorsal thalamic nuclei, the lateral parvocellular part of the basal accessory amygdaloid nuc

187 f the hypothalamus (DMHv), and to the medial parvocellular part of the paraventricular nucleus (PVHmp

188 uble-labeled fibers were found mainly in the parvocellular part of the PVH (PVHp).

189 (VLa) of the ventral lateral nucleus and the parvocellular part of the ventral anterior nucleus (VApc

190 fibers and nerve terminals were found in the parvocellular parts of the PVN, with highest concentrati

191 umed to be carried by neural channels in the parvocellular pathway and to be encoded in an opponent m

192 ich does not have the characteristics of the parvocellular pathway and which is responsive to fast fl

193 pmental epoch critical for magnocellular and parvocellular pathway formation.

194 ile the more sustained ganglion cells of the parvocellular pathway have comparatively lower temporal

195 emyelination for either the magnocellular or parvocellular pathway in established multiple sclerosis.

196 likely to be more strongly influenced by the parvocellular pathway than previously believed.

197 But is the parvocellular pathway the only way that colours can be d

198 e post-chiasmal visual pathway, and that the parvocellular pathway was more affected than the magnoce

199 to stimuli that biased processing toward the parvocellular pathway were not significantly different b

200 utes that are predominantly processed in the Parvocellular pathway will lead to rivalry, and differen

201 ithin the magnocellular pathway, but not the parvocellular pathway, exhibit voltage-gated sodium (NaV

202 lar pathway and mostly in the cortex for the parvocellular pathway.

203 ts, colour discrimination is mediated by the parvocellular pathway.

204 layers II and III, which are linked with the parvocellular pathway.

205 ent in magnocellular-pathway (MC) but not in parvocellular-pathway (PC) retinal ganglion cells of the

206 rentially bias activity in magnocellular and parvocellular pathways based on well established differe

207 ual system is divided into magnocellular and parvocellular pathways which project to dorsal and ventr

208 ts of discrete subcortical magnocellular and parvocellular pathways, which project preferentially to

209 neurones (52 %) were located in the ventral parvocellular (PaV) subnucleus, and showed an oblique or

210 amblyopia under conditions favoring inferred parvocellular (PC) or magnocellular (MC) pathway mediati

211 Parvocellular (PC) pathway cell responses to compound an

212 ast processing by the magnocellular (MC) and parvocellular (PC) pathways.

213 he number of neurons in the three subnuclei (parvocellular, pc; densocellular, dc; magnocellular, mc)

214 ssential role for the intermediate (IRt) and parvocellular (PCRt) reticular formation (RF) in consumm

215 field, comprising the intermediate (IRt) and parvocellular (PCRt) RF, or in the nucleus gigantocellul

216 POA (gPOA), but not in the magnocellular or parvocellular POA, increased only when females were disp

217 pontine nuclei, inferior colliculus and the parvocellular portion of the medial vestibular nucleus.

218 hypothalamic ventromedial nucleus (VMN) and parvocellular portion of the paraventricular nuclei (PVN

219 nd for CRF receptor type 1 (CRF-R(1)) in the parvocellular portion of the paraventricular nucleus (PV

220 t prominently in the supraoptic nucleus, the parvocellular portion of the paraventricular nucleus, an

221 mia, but the densest Fos-li was found in the parvocellular portion of the paraventricular nucleus.

222 characteristics, reflecting the activity of parvocellular post-receptoral mechanisms.

223 -lir) cell groups were found in the anterior parvocellular, posterior parvocellular, and magnocellula

224 ior, whereas AVT-ir neuronal features in the parvocellular preoptic area (pPOA) should have a negativ

225 The parvocellular preoptic area itself is also vocally activ

226 ateral geniculate nucleus (magnocellular and parvocellular), primary visual cortex (simple and comple

227 distinct signatures within magnocellular and parvocellular processing streams in the V1 microcircuit.

228 receive convergent input from the magno- and parvocellular processing streams.

229 ay in the macaque monkey retina, the midget (parvocellular-projecting) pathway, undergoes sensitizati

230 g factor (CRF) heteronuclear (hn) RNA in the parvocellular PVH and a more subtle, although reliable,

231 ment, Fos induction limited primarily to the parvocellular PVH.

232 tor were found to be decreased in the medial parvocellular PVN (mpPVN) by 48.3% relative to control a

233 Staining in the parvocellular PVN (PVN(p)) was predominantly as varicose

234 -positive varicosities identified within the parvocellular PVN in four rats, approximately 36% formed

235 decreased presynaptic glutamate release onto parvocellular PVN neurons in both controls and abstinent

236 support a role for glucose-sensitive VMN and parvocellular PVN neurons in the weight gain phenotype s

237 Parvocellular PVN neurons project to sympathoexcitatory

238 ese latter areas correlated with that in the parvocellular PVN, and suggests that their interaction m

239 etermined that PVN -> NAc has origins in the parvocellular PVN, and that PVN -> NAc neurons express V

240 NR1 and NR2A/2B are expressed in the medial parvocellular PVN, indicating the potential for NMDA rec

241 ust in the dorsolateral region of the medial parvocellular PVN, suggesting localization in corticotro

242 eactive cell bodies and dendrites within the parvocellular PVN.

243 d/or decreased inhibitory innervation of the parvocellular PVN.

244 om revealing the fine structure of the small parvocellular receptive fields in the primate fovea in v

245 ectivity between the thalamus and the medial parvocellular region of the hypothalamic paraventricular

246 in GAL-synthesizing neurons in the anterior parvocellular region of the paraventricular nucleus (aPV

247 This is the anterior parvocellular region of the paraventricular nucleus (aPV

248 elled included the lateral hypothalamus, the parvocellular region of the paraventricular nucleus, and

249 tive effect on the magnocellular than on the parvocellular regions of the LGN.

250 optic area, posterior magnocellular, and the parvocellular regions of the paraventricular nucleus, su

251 cellular responses were transient, red-green parvocellular responses were more sustained, and blue-on

252 es, and of immunoreactive cell bodies in the parvocellular reticular and peritrigeminal areas surroun

253 The dorsal parvocellular reticular formation (PCRt) receives projec

254 ial nucleus, as well as those neurons of the parvocellular reticular formation that project to both f

255 he smallest calretinin-positive cells of the parvocellular reticular formation which were generally n

256 (torus semicircularis, octavolateralis area, parvocellular reticular formation), many of the ASP-immu

257 inent descending projection to the medullary parvocellular reticular formation, a projection nearly n

258 tes in the waist area project to the lateral parvocellular reticular formation, a region implicated i

259 alic trigeminal nucleus (Vme) project to the parvocellular reticular nucleus (PCRt) and dorsomedial s

260 I neurons in three specific RF subdivisions: parvocellular reticular nucleus (PCRt), intermediate ret

261 etinin mRNA was particularly abundant in the parvocellular reticular nucleus.

262 fibers innervating the magnocellular and the parvocellular segments of the dlgn.

263 oded in an opponent manner, while other, non-parvocellular, spectrally non-opponent channels are thou

264 llular stimuli had a lower contrast than the parvocellular stimuli, they were recognized faster and j

265 ormation useful for motion analysis, and the parvocellular stream, which carries information useful f

266 r-stream-recipient layer 4Calpha neurons and parvocellular-stream-recipient layer 4Cbeta neurons.

267 lecular differentiation of magnocellular and parvocellular streams through the primate dLGN.

268 th pro-TRH was found in <10% of the anterior parvocellular subdivision neurons.

269 othalamus, and ventral portion of the medial parvocellular subdivision of the paraventricular nucleus

270 he cingulate cortex, frontal cortex, and the parvocellular subdivision of the paraventricular nucleus

271 rn of expression in the rostral ventromedial parvocellular subdivision of the paraventricular nucleus

272 in postinjection, particularly in the medial parvocellular subdivision of the PVN.

273 65% of detectable CRH neurons in the medial parvocellular subdivision of the rat PVN.

274 neuronal number in the mediodorsal nucleus, parvocellular subdivision, and pulvinar was significantl

275 and to 34% of pro-TRH neurons in the medial parvocellular subdivision, establishing synaptic contact

276 RT neurons in the periventricular and medial parvocellular subdivisions accumulated Fluoro-Gold after

277 us work has shown that the magnocellular and parvocellular subdivisions of the dorsal lateral genicul

278 ty of pro-TRH mRNA-containing neurons in all parvocellular subdivisions of the PVN and established as

279 neurons in the anterior and periventricular parvocellular subdivisions of the PVN and to 34% of pro-

280 90% of proTRH neurons, respectively, in all parvocellular subdivisions of the PVN, and by ultrastruc

281 In the medial and periventricular parvocellular subdivisions of the PVN, CART was co-conta

282 pole of the nucleus, densely innervating all parvocellular subdivisions of the PVN.

283 st concentrations in the anterior and medial parvocellular subdivisions.

284 and PNMT-immunoreactive fibers in the medial parvocellular subnucleus, dorsal division (PVNmpd) and p

285 nucleus, particulary the rostral half of the parvocellular subnucleus.

286 The parvocellular subparafascicular nucleus of the thalamus

287 The parvocellular subparafascicular thalamic nucleus (SPFp)

288 lso a neurotransmitter/neuromodulator in the parvocellular suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN).

289 clei compared with a much lower level in the parvocellular suprachiasmatic nucleus.

290 of-phase for preferential stimulation of the parvocellular system and in-phase for preferential stimu

291 ed not be mediated by neural mechanisms, the parvocellular system in particular, normally assumed to

292 xperiment 1 and towards the magnocellular or parvocellular system using low versus high spatial frequ

293 topsic patient showed evidence of a residual parvocellular system.

294 d that this patient lacks a working opponent parvocellular system.

295 within the brain from both magnocellular and parvocellular systems of the hypothalamus has diverse ef

296 in both the neurosecretory magnocellular and parvocellular vasopressinergic systems in both genotypes

297 In the primate thalamus, the parvocellular ventral anterior nucleus (VApc) and the ce

298 of excitatory neurotransmission through the parvocellular visual channel.

299 trast in order to emphasize magnocellular or parvocellular visual pathway activity.

300 th increased binocularity is specific to the parvocellular visual pathway, consistent with recent evi

301 nd without dyslexia, using magnocellular and parvocellular visual stimuli presented either with or wi