ライフサイエンスコーパス: pavlovian

1 nts, and insects, may arise through a simple Pavlovian ability to integrate two learned associations.

2 This complex form of conditioning involves pavlovian and instrumental components, which produce com

3 we propose that the brain arbitrates between Pavlovian and instrumental control by inferring which is

4 olves interaction between systems regulating Pavlovian and instrumental control of behavior.

5 showed that motivational biases reflect both Pavlovian and instrumental effects: reward and punishmen

6 new insights into contributions of not only Pavlovian and instrumental learning but also habit learn

7 at contextual drug-memory reconsolidation in Pavlovian and instrumental settings involves distinct ne

8 des, amygdala research has been dominated by pavlovian and operant conditioning paradigms.

9 ected subjective cue values, as expressed in Pavlovian appetitive responses.

10 d instrumental response and faster to reduce Pavlovian approach behavior under an omission schedule.

11 stent with this hypothesis, we find that the Pavlovian approach bias is stronger under low control co

12 effect could be better captured as increased Pavlovian approach in an approach-avoidance decision mod

13 Here, we investigated a potential role for Pavlovian approach in biasing which information humans w

14 s to determine how individual differences in Pavlovian approach responses are represented in neural f

15 ns were recorded from male rats performing a Pavlovian approach task containing cues that have both "

16 valence of all three biases was related to a Pavlovian approach-avoid parameter quantified within an

17 trumental responses (dorsal CPu) rather than pavlovian associations (NAc).

18 These Pavlovian associations can drive motivated behavior via

19 Critically, expression of VTA DA-dependent Pavlovian associations is abolished following sucrose de

20 s impacts on instrumental learning via these Pavlovian associations is unknown.

21 tors, most strikingly by biases arising from Pavlovian associations that facilitate action in pursuit

22 d to voluntary actions but failed to support Pavlovian associations that rely on incentive value sign

23 ning models with bias parameters to quantify Pavlovian associations, and differential learning rates

24 ains a relatively simple circuit for forming Pavlovian associations, yet it achieves many operations

25 ed a severe deficit in the ability to update Pavlovian associations.

26 GNIFICANCE STATEMENT The specific content of pavlovian associative learning has been well studied in

27 oidance computational model, we found that a Pavlovian attraction to potential reward declined with a

28 Here, using rats with fully consolidated pavlovian auditory fear memories, we demonstrate a doubl

29 cess in which fear is first acquired through Pavlovian aversive conditioning (so-called fear conditio

30 Pavlovian aversive conditioning requires learning of the

31 ted in a two-day experimental protocol using pavlovian aversive conditioning, evaluating acquisition

32 While the neural circuitry of aversive Pavlovian behavior has been extensively studied, less is

33 s and magnitudes of responses in relation to Pavlovian behaviors, cue presentation, and reward delive

34 We conclude that Pavlovian behavioural inhibition shapes highly flexible,

35 meters reflective of the latent influence of Pavlovian bias and how it was modulated by midfrontal th

36 This Pavlovian bias has been linked to dopamine, suggesting t

37 This adolescent-specific reduction in Pavlovian bias may promote unbiased exploration of appro

38 A Pavlovian bias to approach reward-predictive cues and av

39 action and valence is often thought of as a Pavlovian bias, although recent research has shown it ma

40 of ability to overcome the influence of the Pavlovian bias, and this effect was most pronounced in s

41 is that impulsivity in PD is associated with Pavlovian bias, and to assess whether dopaminergic medic

42 s and deep brain stimulation (DBS) influence Pavlovian bias.

43 arning model that characterizes a prepotent (pavlovian) bias to withhold responding in the face of ne

44 s argued that model parameters reflecting 1) Pavlovian biases in the context of reinforcement learnin

45 Pavlovian biases influence learning and decision making

46 potent action-reward and inaction-avoid loss Pavlovian biases.

47 non-selective increase in the expression of Pavlovian biases; or that stress, as an aversive state,

48 We used a Pavlovian classical conditioning functional MRI task to

49 bens core (NACc)-mediated reconsolidation of Pavlovian cocaine memories.

50 ued reward representation was used to modify Pavlovian conditional goal-approach responses according

51 In the present study, a Pavlovian conditioned approach (PCA) procedure was used

52 tly in STs and GTs, as indicated by tests of Pavlovian conditioned approach and conditioned reinforce

53 ell)), enhances selectively a unique form of pavlovian conditioned approach and mediates D1R-dependen

54 e heterogeneous stock rats were screened for Pavlovian conditioned approach behavior (to obtain an in

55 ntenance, extinction, and reacquisition of a Pavlovian conditioned approach procedure in adult rats w

56 the form of conditioned responses (CRs) in a Pavlovian conditioned approach task suggest a way to do

57 king behavior if treated systemically before pavlovian conditioned approach training with the CHT inh

58 ntal cortex (antOFC) on anxious behavior and Pavlovian conditioned autonomic and behavioral fear resp

59 xperiments in rats, variation in the form of Pavlovian conditioned responses (CRs) and associated dop

60 evel salience signal, which was required for Pavlovian conditioned reward-seeking and defensive behav

61 ing for a reinforcer when in the presence of Pavlovian conditioned stimuli that were separately paire

62 he environmental context in which a discrete Pavlovian conditioned stimulus (CS) is experienced can p

63 In addition, fear to an explicit, Pavlovian conditioned stimulus (fear-potentiated startle

64 ehaviors that reduce the fear aroused by the Pavlovian conditioned stimulus are reinforced through in

65 ue that predicts reward (sign-tracking) in a Pavlovian-conditioned approach task.

66 s previously reported), but also in updating Pavlovian-conditioned responses to morphine-associated s

67 ug seeking, the influence of drug-associated Pavlovian-conditioned stimuli on drug seeking and relaps

68 ral reinforcement learning contexts, such as Pavlovian conditioning and decisions guided by reward hi

69 Pavlovian conditioning and extinction are particularly i

70 In this study, human participants underwent Pavlovian conditioning and extinction before we manipula

71 l over behavior by enhancing both appetitive Pavlovian conditioning and instrumental pursuit of CS.SI

72 ans, we conducted four experiments combining Pavlovian conditioning and outcome devaluation procedure

73 of membrane DOR expression in CINs and both pavlovian conditioning and pavlovian-instrumental transf

74 cations for the mechanistic understanding of Pavlovian conditioning and provide a more nuanced unders

75 ygdala (LA) during consolidation of aversive pavlovian conditioning and that this memory requires cap

76 Accordingly, studies using appetitive Pavlovian conditioning confirm that environmental cues t

77 Pavlovian conditioning experiments indicate that a retri

78 rogress in understanding the neural basis of Pavlovian conditioning has stimulated a new wave of rese

79 uation insensitive and devaluation sensitive Pavlovian conditioning in humans, we conducted four expe

80 hat the interaction between instrumental and Pavlovian conditioning induces powerful motivational bia

81 Pavlovian conditioning involves encoding the predictive

82 Our results suggest that Pavlovian conditioning involves two distinct types of le

83 s from studies of memory modification in the Pavlovian conditioning literature.

84 In Pavlovian conditioning models, where cues predict reinfo

85 Pavlovian conditioning occurred in a specific context (a

86 iggered food approach in mice trained with a Pavlovian conditioning paradigm.

87 % of normal dopamine in the striatum using a Pavlovian conditioning paradigm.

88 Using Pavlovian conditioning procedures in macaque monkeys, we

89 Pavlovian conditioning processes contribute to the etiol

90 Next, rats received Pavlovian conditioning sessions in which a 10 s CS (15 t

91 Male, Long-Evans rats received Pavlovian conditioning sessions in which one auditory co

92 During these Pavlovian conditioning sessions, we paired CS presentati

93 Prominent accounts of Pavlovian conditioning successfully approximate the freq

94 the timing of optogenetic manipulations in a Pavlovian conditioning task and examining the influence

95 Trace eyeblink conditioning is a Pavlovian conditioning task that involves the associatio

96 Here, we use a novel Pavlovian conditioning task, embedded in a normative fra

97 frontal neurons in mice during an appetitive Pavlovian conditioning task.

98 erience influenced learning in an appetitive pavlovian conditioning task.

99 ered even in the absence of allergens due to Pavlovian conditioning to a specific cue.

100 Pavlovian conditioning underlies many aspects of pain be

101 Over the course of Pavlovian conditioning using food as the unconditioned s

102 We do so by combining Pavlovian conditioning with high-resolution behavioral t

103 Next, new rats received Pavlovian conditioning without photo-stimulation.

104 asted learning from direct experience (i.e., Pavlovian conditioning) (experiment 1) against two commo

105 events provides the possibility to predict (Pavlovian conditioning) and control (operant conditionin

106 d memory (e.g., semantic associative memory, Pavlovian conditioning, and instrumental learning), with

107 n encodes model-based representations during Pavlovian conditioning, and that these representations a

108 During Pavlovian conditioning, pairing of a neutral conditioned

109 In Pavlovian conditioning, sign- and goal-tracking behavior

110 st-scan cyclic voltammetry as rats underwent pavlovian conditioning, we demonstrate that a single str

111 ear whether a similar distinction applies in Pavlovian conditioning, where responses have been found

112 ning and a similar dichotomy in the realm of Pavlovian conditioning.

113 c effects are typically demonstrated through Pavlovian conditioning.

114 a classical Model-Free system, necessary for Pavlovian conditioning.

115 rate a reward prediction error signal during Pavlovian conditioning.

116 d place-preference protocol so as to mediate Pavlovian conditioning.

117 hensively capturing learning and behavior in Pavlovian conditioning.

118 ould support model-based computations during Pavlovian conditioning.

119 and computes a negative prediction error in Pavlovian conditioning.

120 omotes a negative reward prediction error in Pavlovian conditioning.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Stimuli th

121 N=25, aged 19-52 years) completed a passive (Pavlovian) conditioning task with appetitive (monetary g

122 n subjects, those who performed better under Pavlovian conflict exhibited higher midfrontal theta pow

123 In subsequent experiments using a Pavlovian contingency degradation procedure, we found th

124 We used Pavlovian counterconditioning in male rats to establish

125 Rats learned repulsion toward a Pavlovian cue (a briefly-inserted metal lever) that alwa

126 ponse inhibitory cue from CRIT was used as a Pavlovian cue predictive of reward.

127 ng behavior during the previously inhibitory Pavlovian cue than adults, indicative of greater behavio

128 ng adrenergic signaling on the strength of a Pavlovian cue-alcohol memory, using a behavioral procedu

129 d consumption, and behavioral paradigms with Pavlovian cue-food conditioning are well established.

130 trumental (drug-seeking and drug-taking) and pavlovian (cue-drug associations) memories.

131 uired for memory formation, is necessary for Pavlovian cued fear conditioning, whether it is downstre

132 tion or prediction error was investigated in pavlovian cued-fear conditioned adult male rats.

133 ects in the sham group appropriately avoided Pavlovian cues associated with devalued food odors.

134 Pavlovian cues associated with junk-foods (caloric, high

135 demonstrate in rats that dopamine evoked by Pavlovian cues increases during acquisition, but dissoci

136 attenuated the inhibiting effect of aversive Pavlovian cues on instrumental behavior, while leaving u

137 fest as a propensity to approach and contact pavlovian cues, and for addiction-like behavior.

138 rons are crucial for appetitive responses to Pavlovian cues, including cue-induced reinstatement of d

139 naltered the activating effect of appetitive Pavlovian cues.

140 ned to lever press for food and subjected to Pavlovian delay fear conditioning, then 28 days later, t

141 tion of a learned cue contradicts views that Pavlovian desires are essentially based on previously le

142 agnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) of aversive pavlovian differential delay conditioning.

143 Next, all rats learned an appetitive Pavlovian discrimination and voltammetric recordings of

144 In contrast, in a Pavlovian discrimination learning task, iMSN-Drd2KO mice

145 Later, rats learned a first-order Pavlovian discrimination where a conditioned stimulus (C

146 to exhibit greater relapse vulnerability to Pavlovian drug cues paired with drug delivery, here, we

147 Pavlovian drug-associated conditioned stimuli exert a ma

148 es have been proposed to reflect cue-based, 'Pavlovian' effects.

149 In rodents, context specificity of Pavlovian extinction is attenuated by manipulations that

150 ial agonist d-cycloserine administered after pavlovian extinction of cocaine cues in the nucleus accu

151 In this study, we demonstrate that pavlovian eyeblink conditioning in adult mice can induce

152 In Pavlovian eyeblink conditioning, a conditioned stimulus

153 tus nucleus (IpN) neurons over the course of Pavlovian eyeblink conditioning.

154 Pavlovian eyelid conditioning, because of how directly i

155 AP044 reduces freezing during acquisition of Pavlovian fear and reduces innate anxiety, which is cons

156 ely deleting A2ARs in the striatum increased Pavlovian fear conditioning (both context and tone) in s

157 Using Pavlovian fear conditioning (electric shock), we quantif

158 Pavlovian fear conditioning and behavioral pharmacologic

159 In novel Pavlovian fear conditioning and extinction paradigms, ph

160 ies in associative memory processes, such as Pavlovian fear conditioning and extinction, have been ob

161 t plasticity in the amygdala is required for pavlovian fear conditioning and extinction.

162 Associations learned during Pavlovian fear conditioning are rapidly acquired and lon

163 Traditional rodent models of Pavlovian fear conditioning assess the strength of learn

164 Such compensation is exemplified by Pavlovian fear conditioning following damage to the dors

165 The neuroplasticity induced by Pavlovian fear conditioning has likewise been shown to r

166 Using auditory Pavlovian fear conditioning in a rodent model, we examin

167 Pavlovian fear conditioning is one of the most common an

168 r losartan treatment, we performed classical Pavlovian fear conditioning pairing auditory cues with f

169 Recently, in a classical Pavlovian fear conditioning paradigm, Gruene and colleag

170 Classical Pavlovian fear conditioning remains the most widely empl

171 obiological models of fear stem largely from Pavlovian fear conditioning studies that focus on how a

172 Here we investigate human Pavlovian fear conditioning under the blood-brain barrie

173 of fear have been studied extensively using Pavlovian fear conditioning, a procedure that allows exp

174 upt the consolidation and reconsolidation of Pavlovian fear conditioning, a widely studied rodent mod

175 ypes can be modeled in animal subjects using Pavlovian fear conditioning, allowing investigation of t

176 t inactivation of striatal A2ARs facilitates Pavlovian fear conditioning, while inactivation of extra

177 ensive response in laboratory animals during Pavlovian fear conditioning.

178 e imaging) and local field potentials during Pavlovian fear conditioning.

179 heightened fear learning following auditory Pavlovian fear conditioning.

180 nal memories, including those learned during Pavlovian fear conditioning.

181 the formation and expression of memory after Pavlovian fear conditioning.

182 no difference in depressive-like behavior or Pavlovian fear conditioning.

183 ed robust inbred mouse strain differences in Pavlovian fear extinction to uncover quantitative trait

184 ion can be reversed to negative valence in a Pavlovian fear learning situation, where CeA ChR2 pairin

185 s the consolidation and reconsolidation of a Pavlovian fear memory and associated neural plasticity i

186 g the consolidation and reconsolidation of a Pavlovian fear memory, a widely studied animal model of

187 consolidation' of a recently formed auditory Pavlovian fear memory; fear memory retrieval (reactivati

188 d impairs the 'consolidation' of an auditory Pavlovian fear memory; short-term memory (STM) is intact

189 A2AR)), impaired fear acquisition as well as Pavlovian fear retrieval.

190 FC safety signaling, we used neuroimaging of Pavlovian fear reversal, a paradigm that involves flexib

191 related to differences in reward-seeking and Pavlovian fear, and due to a failure of instrumental con

192 ssessment of punishment, reward-seeking, and Pavlovian fear.

193 ation or control subjects while they learned Pavlovian first- and second-order associations.

194 cause cues associated with drugs can acquire Pavlovian incentive motivational properties, and acting

195 he neural mechanisms by which basic negative Pavlovian influences guide decision-making during planni

196 is recomputed at reencounter by integrating Pavlovian information with the current brain/physiologic

197 st that serotonin is selectively involved in Pavlovian inhibition due to aversive expectations and ha

198 Outcome-specific Pavlovian-instrumental transfer (PIT) demonstrates the w

199 Pavlovian-Instrumental Transfer (PIT) is one of the key

200 Outcome-specific Pavlovian-instrumental transfer (PIT) provides an animal

201 irected actions in tests of outcome-specific Pavlovian-instrumental transfer (PIT).

202 gate in humans the role of serotonin in such Pavlovian-instrumental transfer in both the aversive and

203 Then, using the Pavlovian-instrumental transfer paradigm, we assessed th

204 and healthy controls completed an appetitive Pavlovian-instrumental transfer procedure.

205 menon is studied in the laboratory using the pavlovian-instrumental transfer protocol in which a stim

206 in CINs and both pavlovian conditioning and pavlovian-instrumental transfer provides a highly specif

207 During the Pavlovian-instrumental transfer test these glutamate tra

208 which these stimuli biased choice during the pavlovian-instrumental transfer test.

209 ped a new behavioral procedure that combines Pavlovian-instrumental transfer with behavioral economic

210 ve cues to influence reward-seeking actions (Pavlovian-instrumental transfer).

211 late the performance of instrumental action (Pavlovian-instrumental transfer, PIT), serve as conditio

212 stimulus-outcome associations essential for pavlovian-instrumental transfer.

213 This pruning strategy was Pavlovian: it was reflexively evoked by large losses and

214 Deficits in associative and Pavlovian learning are thought to lie at the center of a

215 hypofunction, decreasing MD activity during Pavlovian learning impaired the ability of conditioned s

216 he behavioral and neuroimaging literature on Pavlovian learning in pediatric anxiety disorders.

217 ch in order to further elucidate the role of Pavlovian learning in the etiology, maintenance, and tre

218 We found in a Pavlovian learning task that reward probability-dependen

219 Using a Pavlovian learning task, we induced conditioned hallucin

220 freely moving rats performed a probabilistic Pavlovian learning task.

221 In addition, while Pavlovian learning was not affected by MD hypofunction,

222 ted to erasure of the memory; in the case of Pavlovian learning, to a loss of the association between

223 An evolutionarily conserved "Pavlovian" learning mechanism couples valence and action

224 jumped and gnawed on the suddenly attractive Pavlovian lever cue, despite never having tasted intense

225 ifically impact action production due to the Pavlovian linkage between inaction and aversive states.

226 of the outcome, an effect consistent with a Pavlovian linkage between punishment and inaction.

227 nt cues promoted generalized (in)action in a Pavlovian manner, whereas outcomes enhanced instrumental

228 and provide a more nuanced understanding of Pavlovian mechanisms that might contribute to a number o

229 pting the reconsolidation of the maladaptive Pavlovian memories that can precipitate relapse to drug-

230 the specific contribution of one maladaptive Pavlovian memory to relapse, the acquisition of a new al

231 Following a Pavlovian model that relies on the proboscis extension r

232 can provoke the pursuit of cocaine through a Pavlovian motivational process.

233 ol in which a stimulus predicting a specific pavlovian outcome biases choice toward those actions ear

234 l review evidence, from our own work using a Pavlovian over-expectation task as well as from other so

235 the proposed linkage, showing in a modified Pavlovian over-expectation task that brief pauses in the

236 it activity from BLA in rats during the same Pavlovian over-expectation task used previously.

237 in the face of unexpected outcomes during a Pavlovian over-expectation task.

238 for using such information for learning in a Pavlovian over-expectation task.

239 and to motivate future cue selection using a Pavlovian paradigm.

240 ion of cocaine- and fear-related memories in Pavlovian paradigms.

241 end on both stimuli and actions, whereas the Pavlovian predictor learns values that depend only on st

242 The arbitration theory predicts that the Pavlovian predictor will be favored when rewards are rel

243 Here, in a Pavlovian procedure in which monkeys displayed a diverse

244 y) a rewarding or punishing outcome during a Pavlovian procedure, or unexpectedly received an outcome

245 Adapting Pavlovian procedures to suppress operant drug response,

246 Pavlovian procedures, such as place conditioning, have b

247 ortcut, namely aversive pruning, a reflexive Pavlovian process that involves neglecting parts of the

248 neural signatures of an important reflexive Pavlovian process that shapes goal-directed evaluations

249 t although there is evidence for deficits in Pavlovian processes (e.g., heightened reactivity to safe

250 ceives dopaminergic input and is involved in Pavlovian processes that influence choice behavior.

251 l-based control can be further extended into pavlovian processes.

252 AA produces an ilPFC-mediated diminution of pavlovian reactions that extends beyond the training con

253 ) to inhibit central amygdala (CeA)-mediated Pavlovian reactions.

254 Here, we show that while Pavlovian response biases constrain flexible action lear

255 and punishment on instrumental learning from Pavlovian response biasing.

256 which we assessed extinction of the learned Pavlovian response, first by pairing two cues together i

257 m and studied the acquisition of conditioned Pavlovian responses using combined physiological recordi

258 if episodic memories reconsolidate, or only Pavlovian responses.

259 receptors mediates action selection based on Pavlovian reward expectations, but is not critical for f

260 TA-shell-projecting neurons did not regulate Pavlovian reward learning and could not facilitate acqui

261 ion of VTA-core-projecting neurons disrupted Pavlovian reward learning, and activation of these cells

262 ale rats and not female rats led to impaired Pavlovian reward-predictive cue behaviors in adulthood c

263 To address this, we established a Pavlovian serial feature-negative conditioning paradigm,

264 n shown to play an important role in forming Pavlovian stimulus-outcome associations.

265 li plays an important role in such learning, Pavlovian stimulus-reinforcer associations are sufficien

266 re not restricted to forelimb movement, as a Pavlovian task evoked similar responses.

267 bitofrontal cortex (OFC) of monkeys during a Pavlovian task in which the relative amount of liquid re

268 ue, we recorded from ACC as rats performed a Pavlovian task that predicted whether reward, shock, or

269 During Pavlovian threat (fear) conditioning (PTC), sensory and

270 e casual role of vmPFC in the acquisition of pavlovian threat conditioning by assessing skin conducta

271 frontal cortex (vmPFC) in the acquisition of pavlovian threat conditioning has been relegated largely

272 tromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) in human pavlovian threat conditioning has been relegated largely

273 ng threat acquisition.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Pavlovian threat conditioning is an adaptive mechanism t

274 Similarly, threat responses acquired during Pavlovian threat conditioning often return after extinct

275 75 included in the final sample) completed a Pavlovian threat conditioning paradigm across two days.

276 ly plays a causal role in the acquisition of pavlovian threat conditioning.

277 cardiovascular and behavioral responses to a Pavlovian threat cue.

278 retroactively strengthen episodic memory for Pavlovian threat-conditioned events, but that, in contra

279 -outcome contingencies during a differential pavlovian threat-conditioning paradigm in eight patients

280 Pavlovian threat-conditioning studies suggest that a rem

281 Pavlovian to Instrumental Transfer (PIT) refers to the b

282 ve aggression in mouse models, spanning from Pavlovian to operant tasks, and we also describe the rec

283 We adapted the Pavlovian-to-instrumental (PIT) paradigm to explore this

284 ngency degradation, outcome devaluation, and Pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer (n = 134 mice).

285 Pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer (PIT) describes the i

286 harmacology, and a translationally analogous Pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer behavioral task desig

287 reasing D1 receptor stimulation strengthened Pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer in individuals with h

288 The Pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer paradigm is commonly

289 tor system in cue-motivated behavior using a Pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer task designed to asse

290 leus accumbens core of rats (n = 9) during a Pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer task in which the eff

291 cue-evoked incentive motivation for food-the Pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer task.

292 Rats were then given a series of Pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer tests, an assay of cu

293 bo) on reactivity to reward-predicting cues (Pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer) and flexibility of c

294 over reward-seeking decisions as assayed by Pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer.

295 dorsal hippocampus (DHPC) in acquisition of Pavlovian trace conditioning and interval timing was exa

296 To test this, mice were trained on a Pavlovian trace conditioning procedure in which the pres

297 We used a Pavlovian transreinforcer reversal task to elicit identi

298 hange in reward in rats during training in a Pavlovian unblocking task, finding more cells responding

299 ive conditioning paradigm in which different Pavlovian visual cues probabilistically predicted therma

300 Using single-neuron recording and a Pavlovian visual-cue/liquid-reward association task in r