ライフサイエンスコーパス: penguin

1 s, cetaceans, sirenians, flying seabirds and penguins).

2 for flightless wing-propelled diving birds (penguins).

3 change is a significant risk for the emperor penguin.

4 vide satisfactory conditions for the emperor penguin.

5 es showing rhythmic accelerando, the African penguin.

6 on the source of marine MeHg accumulated by penguin.

7 trategy which limits competition with Adelie penguins.

8 itive exclusion of Adelie penguins by gentoo penguins.

9 stroke, essentially the same as turtles and penguins.

10 er wing-propelled diving seabirds, including penguins.

11 as illustrated by recent work on rabbits and penguins.

12 n conductance than those from never-immersed penguins.

13 arine and coastal ecosystems alongside early penguins.

14 vide an important molting habitat for Adelie penguins.

15 shape the diversity of mitogenomes in gentoo penguins.

16 ations in the Scotia Arc, focusing on gentoo penguins.

17 roach for microplastic analyses in Antarctic penguins.

18 ivity for shallow- versus deep-diving gentoo penguins.

19 rface convergent features compared to gentoo penguins.

20 ed to affect krill-dependent predators, like penguins.

21 ula's largest breeding populations of gentoo penguins.

22 The value of emperor penguin (15) N(Pro-Phe) was higher in yolk and albumen t

23 n the foraging efficiency of breeding Adelie penguins, a relatively short-lived seabird species, in o

24 Simultaneously, populations of Adelie penguins, a sea ice obligate, have been stable or increa

25 ss and observation error to all known Adelie penguin abundance data (1982-2015) in the Antarctic, cov

26 Linking trends in penguin abundance with trends in krill biomass explains

27 for quantifying future changes in Chinstrap penguin abundance, sheds new light on the environmental

28 Participants moved a cartoon penguin across a scene and were rewarded (animated carto

29 c sedimentary profile strongly influenced by penguin activity on Ross Island, Antarctica.

30 e for an endangered species, implicates both penguin age and the presence of a potential bacterial pa

31 tochondrial efficiency seem to occur in king penguins, allowing them to cope with their stochastic an

32 declines, we suggest that declines in Adelie penguins along the WAP are more likely due to direct and

33 We used satellite-tagged penguins, an autonomous underwater vehicle, and historic

34 ami, and bitter tastes have been lost in all penguins, an order of aquatic flightless birds originati

35 a (WAP) is coincident with increasing gentoo penguin and decreasing Adelie penguin populations, sugge

36 hrough knowledge of the location and size of penguin and elephant seal concentrations.

37 richness was two to eight times higher under penguin and elephant seal influence.

38 Corynebacterium spp. causing oral lesions in penguins and a lesser-known genus, Mergibacter within Fa

39 allochrony in sympatric Adelie and chinstrap penguins and explores its resilience to climate change.

40 ampling coincided with bio-logging of Adelie penguins and observations of other air-breathing predato

41 on temporal trends and potential effects on penguins and other organisms in the Antarctic marine foo

42 greement with observations on lean and obese penguins and rats.

43 many regions on Earth [4-7], and input from penguins and seals is associated with increased plant gr

44 itude Antarctic seabirds (Adelie and Emperor penguins and snow petrels) indicate that winter sea-ice

45 Our analyses indicate that penguins and their sister group (Procellariiformes) have

46 ertical foraging ranges of Adelie and gentoo penguins, and found that krill selected for habitats tha

47 d to reliably estimate energy expenditure in penguins, and we provide calibration equations for estim

48 Compared to other terrestrial animals, penguins appear to have excessive amount of frontal plan

49 This is the case for the Emperor penguin Aptenodytes forsteri, a flagship Antarctic speci

50 ollected opportunistically from wild emperor penguins Aptenodytes forsteri, which exemplify capital b

51 ine and 16 perfluoroalkyl pollutants in king penguins Aptenodytes patagonicus during the breeding and

52 we project the dynamics of all known emperor penguin (Aptenodytes forsteri) colonies under new climat

53 tarctic affect the life cycle of the emperor penguin (Aptenodytes forsteri).

54 reenhouse gases (GHGs) increase, and emperor penguins (Aptenodytes forsteri) are extremely sensitive

55 Emperor penguins (Aptenodytes forsteri) are under increasing env

56 for-space substitutions (TFSS) using emperor penguins (Aptenodytes forsteri) as the focal species.

57 Emperor penguins (Aptenodytes forsteri) incubate and rear chicks

58 im was to estimate the population of emperor penguins (Aptenodytes fosteri) using a single synoptic s

59 Populations of the ice-adapted emperor penguin are inferred to have expanded slightly earlier t

60 cs are driven by stochastic processes.Adelie penguins are a key Antarctic indicator species, but data

61 Conversely, Adelie and chinstrap penguins are experiencing a 'reversal of fortunes' as th

62 Pygoscelis penguins are experiencing general population declines in

63 Emperor penguins are identified as the most vulnerable taxon, fo

64 Contrary to current thought, breeding penguins are not always philopatric.

65 re on current trends, we see Southern gentoo penguins are responding to current warming as they did d

66 ctive population sizes (N (e) ) confirm that penguins are sensitive to climate shifts, as represented

67 Penguins are the only extant family of flightless diving

68 arctic Peninsula, favoring generalist gentoo penguins as climate change 'winners', while Adelie and c

69 study highlights the potential of migratory penguins as vectors of antimicrobial-resistant microorga

70 es in krill availability, relative to gentoo penguins, as evinced by their declining population trend

71 estimated the breeding population of emperor penguins at each colony during 2009 and provide a popula

72 light of this new structure and of the king penguin AvBD103b defensin structure, the consensus seque

73 heir dimensions were similar to those of non-penguin avian taxa and that the feathering may have been

74 n early penguin cranial osteology, trends in penguin body size, and the evolution of the penguin flip

75 nerate useful short-term forecasts of Adelie penguin breeding abundance will be extremely limited.

76 ected sites giving a total number of emperor penguin breeding colonies of 46.

77 We used true presence-absence data on Adelie penguin breeding colonies to estimate past and future ch

78 There were 17,120 and 21,183 Adelie penguin breeding pairs on Inexpressible Island in 1983 a

79 long, and best known as prey for whales and penguins - but they have another important role.

80 ly result in competitive exclusion of Adelie penguins by gentoo penguins.

81 We tested this hypothesis in wild king penguins by investigating mitochondrial and oxidative st

82 These findings suggest that Magellanic penguins can sense current drift and use it to enhance e

83 ns apparently remain favorable for Chinstrap penguins, cannot be assessed against a historical benchm

84 cology and MeHg demethylation when selecting penguin chicks for Hg biomonitoring.

85 trace Hg accumulation in Adelie and emperor penguin chicks from four breeding colonies in Antarctica

86 Interspecific variation of Delta(199)Hg in penguin chicks reflects the distinct foraging habitats a

87 ys of emperor penguin chicks, whereas Adelie penguin chicks showed different internal responses depen

88 hylation in the liver and kidneys of emperor penguin chicks, whereas Adelie penguin chicks showed dif

89 Conversely, the penguin cloaca/fecal microbiome was more similar to that

90 Twenty-three previously known Chinstrap penguin colonies are found to be absent or extirpated.

91 ate total GHG emission potential from Adelie penguin colonies during breeding seasons in 1983 and 201

92 Penguin colonies enhance the SOM content in some areas w

93 Distances to penguin colonies were associated with seal presence, but

94 icting the abundance distribution of emperor penguin colonies with a correlation coefficient of 0.58.

95 n conducted to determine the GHG fluxes from penguin colonies, however, at regional scale, there is s

96 we project that one-third of current Adelie penguin colonies, representing ~20% of their current pop

97 of population change at 35% of all Chinstrap penguin colonies.

98 o 2012 and CH4 was the main GHG emitted from penguin colonies.

99 tailed biogeochemical analyses to track past penguin colony change over the last 8,500 years on Ardle

100 nstead, at least three of the five phases of penguin colony expansion were abruptly ended by large er

101 (VHR) satellite imagery to identify emperor penguin colony locations.

102 prior occupation of the Cape Hallett Adelie penguin colony site by southern elephant seal (Mirounga

103 The first sustained penguin colony was established on Ardley Island c. 6,700

104 ts, with 60% of blooms less than 5 km from a penguin colony.

105 monstrate superior statistical properties of PENGUIN compared to the existing approaches.

106 includes various dispersal behaviors so that penguins could modulate climate effects through movement

107 pecies provide critical information on early penguin cranial osteology, trends in penguin body size,

108 Our results indicate that the penguin crown-group originated during the Miocene in New

109 mpetition for food may exacerbate the Adelie penguin decline.

110 The value of emperor penguin Delta(15) N(Pro-Phe) was higher in yolk and albu

111 Juvenile king penguins develop adaptive thermogenesis after repeated i

112 d beta diversity of the microbial community: penguin developmental stage, sampling location, and C. p

113 te strong selective pressures, we found that penguins did not adapt morphologically to long-term envi

114 Penguin diet shifted increasingly to silverfish from kri

115 ata reveal spatiotemporal patterns of Adelie penguin diet, including spatial patterns in consumption

116 ate an abrupt shift to lower-trophic prey in penguin diets within the past approximately 200 years.

117 following summer, which is evident in Adelie penguin diets, thus demonstrating tight trophic coupling

118 historically overlooked component of Adelie penguin diets.

119 Adelie penguins dived deeper, and more frequently, near the ice

120 s likely to have been associated with gentoo penguin diversification across the Southern Ocean and to

121 Adelie penguin diving activity was restricted to the upper mixe

122 their terrestrial call, the offshore call of penguins during their foraging trips has been poorly stu

123 hydrography and foraging patterns of Adelie penguins during these switching tidal regimes suggest th

124 es of delta13C and delta15N values of Adelie penguin eggshell from abandoned colonies located in thre

125 amyxovirus recently isolated from rockhopper penguins (Eudyptes chrysocome) suggested that this virus

126 For 10 years (2003-2012), macaroni penguins (Eudyptes chrysolophus) were marked with subcut

127 garding the causal role of climate change in penguin evolution.

128 The experiments revealed that penguins evolved a derived increase in Hb-O(2) affinity

129 anches of the phylogeny involving all gentoo penguins except the eastern lineage.

130 edators-sharks, bony fishes, sea turtles and penguins-exhibit Levy-walk-like behaviour close to a the

131 In contrast, chinstrap penguins exhibited no change in trophic position, despit

132 .27 to 1.15 per mille), whereas only emperor penguins exhibited the lowest delta(202)Hg in the liver

133 Penguins, falcons, and parrots showed slightly male-bias

134 We propose that this isolate, named APMV10/penguin/Falkland Islands/324/2007, be the prototype viru

135 Chinstrap penguins fall asleep thousands of times per day in the w

136 Penguin feathers are highly modified in form and functio

137 ntrast, the dark black-brown color of extant penguin feathers is generated by large, ellipsoidal mela

138 The nanostructure of penguin feathers was thus modified after earlier macrost

139 It has been isolated from penguin feces and an aborted bovine fetus.

140 A century ago, gentoo penguins fed almost exclusively on low-trophic level pre

141 How do emperor penguins find their mates on a featureless ice flow, pac

142 penguin body size, and the evolution of the penguin flipper.

143 Penguin foraging and breeding success depend on broad-sc

144 In overlapping Adelie and gentoo penguin foraging areas, four gentoo penguins switched fo

145 le, and historical tidal records to model of penguin foraging locations over ten seasons.

146 -occurrence of convergent ocean features and penguin foraging locations.

147 Adelie penguins foraging locations changed in response to tidal

148 New penguin fossils from the Eocene of Peru force a reevalua

149 t and Marion Islands and the southern gentoo penguin from Antarctica respectively.

150 most divergent lineages, the eastern gentoo penguin from Crozet and Marion Islands and the southern

151 Actual counts of penguins from eleven ground truthing sites were used to

152 supervised classification method to separate penguins from snow, shadow and guano.

153 ctors that define the range limits of Adelie penguins, further establishing this iconic marine predat

154 rate of foraging dives per hour equated to a penguin gaining an average 170 g of mass, over the cours

155 yzing population genomic datasets spanning 3 penguin genera (Eudyptes, Pygoscelis, and Aptenodytes).

156 asma (n = 128) from eight species, including penguins, giant petrels, skuas, albatrosses, and shearwa

157 Results indicate that penguin guano is the primary source of Hg in the sedimen

158 Penguin guano provides favorable conditions for producti

159 The weighbridge reported how much mass the penguin had gained during a foraging trip.

160 o make radio-frequency identifications, wild penguins had significantly lower and shorter stress resp

161 udy suggests that local adaptation of gentoo penguins has emerged as a response to environmental vari

162 change 'winners', while Adelie and chinstrap penguins have become climate change 'losers'.

163 ice-loving Adelie and ice-avoiding chinstrap penguins have declined significantly.

164 Penguins have exhibited dramatic declines in population

165 occupied similar marine trophic levels, with penguins having larger isotopic niche spaces in 2014 whe

166 e (Pygoscelis adeliae) and gentoo (P. papua) penguins in a known biological hotspot near Palmer Deep

167 o their sensitivity to environmental change, penguins in Antarctica are widely used as bio-indicators

168 in some environmental contexts, and smaller penguins in others, ultimately mitigating their ability

169 Fluctuating selection benefited larger penguins in some environmental contexts, and smaller pen

170 important implications for the use of Adelie penguins in Southern Ocean feedback management, and sugg

171 Climate change impacts on penguins in the Antarctic will likely be highly site spe

172 first description of the vocal behaviour of penguins in the open ocean and discuss the function of t

173 story and population structure of Pygoscelis penguins in the Scotia Arc related to climate warming af

174 nvestigate the distribution and abundance of penguins in this region.

175 ains why populations of Adelie and chinstrap penguins increased after competitors (fur seals, baleen

176 hat OBIA method was effective for extracting penguin information from aerial photographs.

177 PENGUIN integrates H3K27ac-HiChIP data with tissue-speci

178 e middle and late Eocene of Peru reveal that penguins invaded low latitudes >30 million years earlier

179 The African penguin is a nesting seabird endemic to southern Africa.

180 Our results show that PENGUIN is an effective solution for genetic confounding

181 We show that survival of macaroni penguins is driven by a combination of individual qualit

182 southward contraction in the range of Adelie penguins is likely over the next century.

183 ore, adaptive thermogenesis in juvenile king penguins is linked to two separate mechanisms of uncoupl

184 by 2100, thus the total abundance of emperor penguins is projected to decline by at least 81% relativ

185 The specialized foraging niche of chinstrap penguins likely renders them more sensitive to changes i

186 contour feather shafts, evolved early in the penguin lineage.

187 from nine locations spanning all four gentoo penguin lineages, we demonstrated lineage-specific nucle

188 nd mitochondrial-based phylogenies of gentoo penguin lineages.

189 Penguins lost the ability to fly more than 60 million ye

190 than the mixed layer, suggesting that Adelie penguins may be more responsive to dynamic surface conve

191 logic specialization of diving birds such as penguins may have involved adaptive changes in convectiv

192 Our findings show that penguins may use vocal communication in the ocean relate

193 Given the variation in penguin microbiomes associated with diverse factors ther

194 ndonment of the colonies, and we believe the penguins migrated from the coastal area of mid Cape Bird

195 Relative proportions of Adelie penguin mitochondrial lineages detected at each colony a

196 Elevated levels of Adelie penguin mitochondrial nucleotide diversity in upper stra

197 Moreover, the highest levels of Adelie penguin mitochondrial nucleotide diversity recovered fro

198 Terns and penguins occupied similar marine trophic levels, with pe

199 In penguins of the genus Spheniscus vocalisations are impor

200 icted to the upper mixed layer, while gentoo penguins often foraged much deeper than the mixed layer,

201 cal tidal currents on a population of Adelie penguins on Humble Is., Antarctica.

202 We posit that penguins only recently began to rely on krill as a major

203 The Emperor Penguin Optimizer Algorithm (EPOA) was used to select th

204 The African penguin oral microbiome was more similar to that of pisc

205 Repeatedly it has been proposed that penguins originated in high southern latitudes and arriv

206 local harvest rates, future observations of penguin performance are predicted to be below the long-t

207 rs of monitoring data, we show that expected penguin performance was reduced when local harvest rates

208 nt profiles, we reconstructed the historical penguin population change at Cape Bird, Ross Island, for

209 krill is one of the major drivers of Adelie penguin population declines, we suggest that declines in

210 ht on the environmental drivers of Chinstrap penguin population dynamics in Antarctica, and contribut

211 Relationships between Adelie penguin population growth and sea ice concentration (SIC

212 edicts a decline of the Terre Adelie emperor penguin population of 81% by the year 2100.

213 sent a population projection for the emperor penguin population of Terre Adelie, Antarctica, by linki

214 Clear succession of penguin population peaks were observed in different prof

215 We project emperor penguin population responses to future sea ice changes,

216 ociated with seal presence, but only emperor penguin population size had a strong negative relationsh

217 ng the contemporary period, declining Adelie penguin populations experienced more years with warm sea

218 e profiles in faecal samples from pygoscelid penguin populations in the Scotia Arc, focusing on gento

219 Changes in penguin populations on the Antarctic Peninsula have been

220 t attributes both increases and decreases in penguin populations to changes in the abundance of their

221 The main reasons for the increase in Adelie penguin populations were attributed to increase in tempe

222 literature that global and regional emperor penguin populations will be affected by changing climate

223 reasing gentoo penguin and decreasing Adelie penguin populations, suggesting that competition for foo

224 ved changes in krill (Euphausia superba) and penguin populations.

225 emonstrate this mechanism is not controlling penguin populations; populations of both ice-loving Adel

226 Chicks at breeding sites where adult penguins predominantly consumed mesopelagic prey showed

227 The penguin presented a bacterial infection, identified as K

228 in their dominant frequency and length, and penguins produced calls of different lengths in successi

229 Here we show that PENGUIN provides insights into the intricate interplay b

230 y on time series for abundance of the Adelie penguin Pygoscelis adeliae and explored the occurrence o

231 microplastics in a top predator, the gentoo penguin Pygoscelis papua from the Antarctic region (Bird

232 Excavations of abandoned Adelie penguin (Pygoscelis adeliae) colonies in Antarctica ofte

233 atry was previously confirmed for the Adelie penguin (Pygoscelis adeliae) during a period of stable e

234 The Adelie penguin (Pygoscelis adeliae) is a circumpolar meso-preda

235 nalysis (OBIA) method to estimate the Adelie penguin (Pygoscelis adeliae) population based on aerial

236 ple yielded hundreds of reads from chinstrap penguin (Pygoscelis antarcticus) and Weddell seal (Lepto

237 ve global population assessment of Chinstrap penguins (Pygoscelis antarctica) at 3.42 (95th-percentil

238 We deployed an animal-borne camera on gentoo penguins (Pygoscelis papua) and recorded their foraging

239 As recently discovered, the gentoo penguins (Pygoscelis papua) comprise four highly diverge

240 a, places the new species outside the extant penguin radiation (crown clade: Spheniscidae) and suppor

241 n molting (3.3-5.7 ng g(-1) ww) and breeding penguins (range of 4.2-7.3 ng g(-1) wet weight, ww).

242 Agreement objectives are met, viable emperor penguin refuges will exist in Antarctica, and only 19% a

243 All three pygoscelid penguins responded positively to post-LGM warming by exp

244 rection over the course of return paths, the penguins' return paths were consistently S-shaped but st

245 icant differences in microplastic numbers in penguin scats between the two regions were detected.

246 A total of 20% of penguin scats from both islands contained microplastics,

247 A total of 80 penguin scats were collected and any microplastics they

248 servations of other air-breathing predators (penguins, seals, and whales), all of which were competin

249 clining demographic histories inferred for 4 penguin species (northern rockhopper, western rockhopper

250 the observed population declines of the two penguin species across the Western Antarctic Peninsula.

251 earing niche spaces for the three Pygoscelis penguin species and used a maximum entropy approach (Max

252 Penguin species have introgressed throughout much of the

253 We used 22 new genomes from 18 penguin species to reconstruct the order, timing, and lo

254 in deeper time, the most common (in 11 of 18 penguin species) being an increased N (e) between 40 and

255 For all Pygoscelis penguin species, the MaxEnt models predict significant c

256 ytes is the sister group to all other extant penguin species.

257 s bracket the phylogenetic interval in which penguin-specific changes in Hb function would have evolv

258 MJ was isolated from the choana of a jackass penguin (Spheniscus demersus) with recurrent mucocaseous

259 of antimicrobial resistance in a Magellanic Penguin (Spheniscus magellanicus) rescued off the coast

260 e gut microbiome of the endangered Galapagos penguin (Spheniscus mendiculus) with the goals of charac

261 llite tracked postnatal dispersal in African penguins (Spheniscus demersus) from eight sites across t

262 set following the fates of 53,959 Magellanic penguins (Spheniscus magellanicus) to investigate whethe

263 allow-diving Adelie and deeper-diving gentoo penguins strongly selected for surface convergent featur

264 shifting isotopic baseline supporting gentoo penguins suggests a concurrent increase in coastal produ

265 Juvenile penguin survival is low in populations selecting degrade

266 d gentoo penguin foraging areas, four gentoo penguins switched foraging behavior by foraging at deepe

267 capacity to safeguard the future of emperor penguins than their intrinsic dispersal abilities.

268 l-place foragers such as the Pygoscelis spp. penguins that breed along the WAP during the austral sum

269 Skeletal muscle mitochondria from penguins that had been either experimentally immersed or

270 Skeletal muscle mitochondria isolated from penguins that had never been immersed in cold water show

271 the greatest impacts on species like little penguins that have relatively restricted foraging ranges

272 Gentoo penguins therefore represent a suitable animal model to

273 30 y of field studies and recent surveys of penguins throughout the WAP and Scotia Sea demonstrate t

274 Further, annual return rates of penguins to breeding colonies were positively correlated

275 nalysis of range-wide survey data for Adelie penguins to characterize multidecadal and annual effects

276 used three different groups of juvenile king penguins to investigate the mitochondrial basis of avian

277 e of their 'two-voice' calls enables emperor penguins to locate their mates and chicks under some of

278 population responses in migratory Magellanic penguins to long-term changes in climate means and varia

279 is antarctica) and gentoo (Pygoscelis papua) penguins to nearly 100 y of shared environmental change

280 nce in Galliformes, ratites, passerines, and penguins, together representing the three major taxa of

281 ian state-space and habitat models show that penguins traversed thousands of square kilometers to are

282 In the last 40 y, gentoo penguin trophic position has increased a full level as k

283 Adelie penguins undergo a complete molt annually, replacing all

284 Penguins undertook dives of shallower depths and shorter

285 nvert these classified areas into numbers of penguins using a robust regression algorithm.We found fo

286 e level confirmed that APMV2, APMV8, and the penguin virus all were sufficiently divergent from each

287 n addition, antiserum generated against this penguin virus did not inhibit the HA of representative v

288 This penguin virus resembled other APMVs by electron microsco

289 natomical constraints that influence nesting penguin vocalisations from a source-filter perspective,

290 We show that lineage diversification in penguins was largely driven by changing climatic conditi

291 Although the penguins were born under managed care, they had a gut mi

292 Crested terns and little penguins were less likely to be observed in warm, saline

293 edators in this region, Adelie and chinstrap penguins were never directly harvested by man; thus, the

294 tactic bacteria or the temperature field for penguins-while urging for an optimal resource value.

295 To avoid extinction, emperor penguins will have to adapt, migrate or change the timin

296 We infer from our results that macaroni penguins will most likely be negatively impacted by an i

297 A giant penguin with feathers was recovered from the late Eocene

298 cceleration loggers on 58 free-living Adelie penguins with doubly labelled water (DLW) measurements o

299 most complete giant (>1.5 m standing height) penguin yet described.

300 from two of the best exemplars of Paleogene penguins yet recovered.

301 mammals and birds such as tigers, pandas and penguins, yet the bulk of animal life, whether measured