ライフサイエンスコーパス: peptidoglycan

1 the bacterial poles to recognize YcbB-edited peptidoglycan.

2 mnan chain anchored to, and embedded inside, peptidoglycan.

3 understanding how mycobacteria recycle their peptidoglycan.

4 tilis species, using live cells and purified peptidoglycan.

5 ing systemic responses to microbiota-derived peptidoglycan.

6 before heme-iron is transported through the peptidoglycan.

7 em peptides and the cleavage of cross-linked peptidoglycan.

8 mmune receptors Nod1 and Nod2 versus helical peptidoglycan.

9 lymerized and cross-linked to produce mature peptidoglycan.

10 3 nm) pores constituting a disordered gel of peptidoglycan.

11 d for d-alanine incorporation into cell wall peptidoglycan.

12 acts, unusually, upon (GlcNAc-) deacetylated peptidoglycan.

13 enzymes, acting upon the cell wall substrate peptidoglycan.

14 damage occurs in the outer membrane and the peptidoglycan.

15 indeed the presence of peptide stems in the peptidoglycan abrogates binding.

16 SpoIIDMP complexes tether to and degrade the peptidoglycan ahead of the engulfing membrane, generatin

17 cleave the glycosidic bonds within bacterial peptidoglycan allowing for the insertion of peptidoglyca

18 r that regulates the activity of periplasmic peptidoglycan amidases via its interaction with the mure

19 vC and its downstream control of periplasmic peptidoglycan amidases.

20 Bacteria surround themselves with peptidoglycan, an adaptable enclosure that contributes t

21 Through peptidoglycan analysis of several mutants, we found that

22 Group A carbohydrate (GAC) is a bacterial peptidoglycan-anchored surface rhamnose polysaccharide (

23 hat removes stem peptides from uncrosslinked peptidoglycan and a partner protein that controls its ac

24 of many polysaccharides, including bacterial peptidoglycan and eukaryotic N-linked glycans, requires

25 This study shows that by sensing peptidoglycan and hence activating NF-kappaB cascade, a

26 ctural component of an organizing center for peptidoglycan and membrane syntheses critical for cell e

27 septal pore, stabilized by newly synthesized peptidoglycan and protein-protein interactions across th

28 , leading to degradation of the spore cortex peptidoglycan and subsequent reactivation of the spore.

29 equired for the recognition of intracellular peptidoglycans and host defenses against Listeria monocy

30 and reveal the role of cell wall-associated peptidoglycans and lipoarabinomannan on the Msm OM organ

31 The bacterial cell wall is composed of peptidoglycan, and its biosynthesis is an established ta

32 nsporters participating in the biogenesis of peptidoglycan, arabinogalactan and lipoglycans, and the

33 , and the addition of other modifications to peptidoglycan are central in determining the final archi

34 During division, peptidoglycan assembles at the pole of dividing Chlamydi

35 In Staphylococcus aureus, the peptidoglycan assembly enzymes relocate during the cell

36 Peptidoglycan assembly relies on penicillin-binding prot

37 the amidase complex regulates the density of peptidoglycan assembly sites to control peptidoglycan sy

38 ate dehydrogenase (LDH), protein D (PD), and peptidoglycan-associated lipoprotein P6 as novel laminin

39 Overall, our results indicate that peptidoglycan-associated surfactin has broad viricidal a

40 Removal of stem peptides from peptidoglycan at the cell periphery promotes peptidoglyc

41 lytic transglycosylases, cleaving within the peptidoglycan backbone.

42 of bacteria is due largely to the different peptidoglycan-based cell wall structures that encase bac

43 cally characterize these enzymes that act on peptidoglycan because suitable peptidoglycan substrates

44 Amidases typically hydrolyse crosslinked peptidoglycan between daughter cells so that they can se

45 arious amino acids likely to be important in peptidoglycan binding and catalytic activity.

46 dress this question, we used mutagenesis and peptidoglycan binding and cleavage assays to first gain

47 mpanied by large conformational changes upon peptidoglycan binding, whereby a loop regulates access t

48 some cases their LysM domain, also promoted peptidoglycan binding.

49 coordination requires the recruitment of the peptidoglycan-binding outer-membrane lipoprotein Pal at

50 pal site of protein translocation, lipid and peptidoglycan biogenesis, signal transduction, transport

51 g the protein kinase B (PknB) which controls peptidoglycan biosynthesis during growth.

52 These probes allow peptidoglycan biosynthesis to be monitored in real time

53 to the pole during elongation and re-direct peptidoglycan biosynthesis to mid-cell during cell divis

54 The mechanisms that restrict peptidoglycan biosynthesis to the pole during elongation

55 e that catalyzes the first committed step of peptidoglycan biosynthesis.

56 synthesis at mid-cell and cessation of polar peptidoglycan biosynthesis.

57 d in the final stage of bacterial cell wall (peptidoglycan) biosynthesis.

58 factor tracheal cytotoxin (TCT), a secreted peptidoglycan breakdown product, induces host tissue dam

59 The latter modify existing peptidoglycan but are probably not involved in primary p

60 that purified FtsW polymerizes lipid II into peptidoglycan, but show that its polymerase activity req

61 ere, we report that SEDS proteins synthesize peptidoglycan by adding new Lipid II monomers to the red

62 that modify the essential cell-wall polymer peptidoglycan by O-acetylation.

63 l cytoplasm and inhibits the biosynthesis of peptidoglycans by targeting the MurA enzyme.

64 s and subsequent anchoring of the polymer to peptidoglycan, catalyzed by two transpeptidase enzymes -

65 tive bacteria anchor surface proteins to the peptidoglycan cell wall by sortase, a cysteine transpept

66 Although the peptidoglycan cell wall is an essential structural and m

67 The peptidoglycan cell wall is an essential structure for th

68 The peptidoglycan cell wall is essential for the survival an

69 esistant, we compared the composition of the peptidoglycan cell wall of stalks and cell bodies and id

70 cture essential for bacterial viability; the peptidoglycan cell wall provides shape and osmotic prote

71 Bacteria are encapsulated by a peptidoglycan cell wall that is essential for their surv

72 ecently due to the assumption that the thick peptidoglycan cell wall would prevent their release to t

73 ding proteins (bPBPs) to build the bacterial peptidoglycan cell wall(1-6).

74 terial shape is physically determined by the peptidoglycan cell wall.

75 integrity of bacteria are determined by the peptidoglycan cell wall.

76 itive bacterium with an S-layer covering its peptidoglycan cell wall.

77 ron nitride materials, to isolated bacterial peptidoglycan cell walls.

78 Toll pathway activation triggered by excess peptidoglycan circulating in Klf15(NN) flies.

79 We show that by binding to peptidoglycan, complestatin and corbomycin block the act

80 ranspeptidation reactions that stabilize the peptidoglycan component of the bacterial cell wall are t

81 Here we show E. faecium has unique peptidoglycan composition and remodeling activity throug

82 The peptidoglycan composition of coccoids is modified with r

83 sponse, primarily by their sensing bacterial peptidoglycan-conserved motifs.

84 Cell body peptidoglycan contained primarily DD-crosslinks between

85 rvations suggest that FmhA and FmhC generate peptidoglycan cross-bridges with unique serine patterns

86 lacking the terminal d-ala-d-ala and reduced peptidoglycan cross-linking, prompting us to investigate

87 tors that prevent peptidoglycan synthesis or peptidoglycan crosslinking by penicillin-binding protein

88 e cells treated with inhibitors that prevent peptidoglycan crosslinking by penicillin-binding protein

89 protein Pbp2, and these changes restored the peptidoglycan crosslinking to WT levels.

90 usceptible to oxacillin and showed increased peptidoglycan crosslinking.

91 ell bodies and identified key differences in peptidoglycan crosslinking.

92 ith those of SpPgdA and BsPdaA, representing peptidoglycan deacetylases highly specific for GlcNAc or

93 ereas exported bacterial products, including peptidoglycan derivatives and secreted chitin catabolite

94 s identified that muramyl dipeptide (MDP), a peptidoglycan-derived bacterial cell wall component, cou

95 ry molecules include peptidoglycan monomers, peptidoglycan dimers, and free peptides.

96 peptide monomer, and an increased release of peptidoglycan dimers, suggesting the involvement of this

97 glycan fragments and higher-molecular-weight peptidoglycan dimers.

98 jejuni transformed from helical to coccoid, peptidoglycan dipeptides increased and tri- and tetrapep

99 th its cognate class B PBP to produce septal peptidoglycan during cell division.

100 ditions and stresses by maintaining multiple peptidoglycan enzymes and regulators as well as differen

101 Coccoid peptidoglycan exhibited reduced activation of innate imm

102 d bacteria is determined by the rigid net of peptidoglycan forming the cell wall.

103 ctivity promotes resuscitation by generating peptidoglycan fragments (muropeptides) that function as

104 on properties and is capable of transporting peptidoglycan fragments (tri-diaminopimelic acid) in E.

105 the appearance of pentapeptide and dipeptide peptidoglycan fragments and higher-molecular-weight pept

106 minated the release of tripeptide-containing peptidoglycan fragments concomitantly with the appearanc

107 Neisseria gonorrhoeae releases peptidoglycan fragments during growth, and these molecul

108 endopeptidases act in the normal release of peptidoglycan fragments during growth.

109 BP) MppA, which is responsible for recycling peptidoglycan fragments in Escherichia coli, has not bee

110 ducing the accumulation of immunostimulatory peptidoglycan fragments in the host cell cytosol.

111 In accord with the loss of tripeptide peptidoglycan fragments, the level of human NOD1 activat

112 eferentially hydrolyzes crosslinked Lys-type peptidoglycan fragments.

113 ptor (PRR) responsible for sensing bacterial peptidoglycan fragments.

114 LC and MS identified the presence of various peptidoglycan fragments.

115 ases may be required for the release of many peptidoglycan fragments.

116 bly, class A PBPs could process this nascent peptidoglycan from a CbpD-sensitive to a CbpD-resistant

117 The Gram-positive cell wall consists of peptidoglycan functionalized with anionic glycopolymers,

118 enzymes and regulators as well as different peptidoglycan growth mechanisms, and we present the emer

119 c acid and D-alanine residues, whereas stalk peptidoglycan had more LD-transpeptidation (meso-diamino

120 tion, chromosome segregation and controlling peptidoglycan homeostasis, whereas GpsB contributes to t

121 uitous commensal bacterium, and its secreted peptidoglycan hydrolase (SagA) were sufficient to enhanc

122 Here we utilize the peptidoglycan hydrolase CbpD that targets the septum of

123 Peptidoglycan hydrolases and cell wall-tailoring enzymes

124 rom different families with various types of peptidoglycan hydrolases suggests that this secretion pa

125 cin block the action of autolysins-essential peptidoglycan hydrolases that are required for remodelli

126 rse biochemical and functional activities of peptidoglycan hydrolases, and highlight recently develop

127 portantly, these phenotypes depend on septal peptidoglycan hydrolysis.

128 The presence of peptidoglycan in animal serum suggests that a homeostati

129 ability to bind to their cellular receptor, peptidoglycan intermediate lipid II.

130 The complex cleaves nascent peptidoglycan internally to produce free oligomers as we

131 livery of lipopolysaccharide metabolites and peptidoglycan into host cells, and Toll-like receptor 9

132 stem is an oncogenic locus that translocates peptidoglycan into host cells, where it is recognized by

133 Peptidoglycan is a crucial element of the bacterial cell

134 membrane to complete the synthesis of mature peptidoglycan is a long-standing question.

135 Peptidoglycan is a single macromolecule made of glycan c

136 Peptidoglycan is an essential cell wall component that m

137 Staphylococcal peptidoglycan is characterized by pentaglycine cross-bri

138 Assembly of the peptidoglycan is crucial in maintaining viability of bac

139 aureus and division septa for both species, peptidoglycan is dense but randomly oriented.

140 Although the basic structure of peptidoglycan is highly conserved, consisting of long gl

141 The C. difficile peptidoglycan is largely N-deacetylated on its glucosami

142 support a model in which mature pneumococcal peptidoglycan is synthesized by three functional entitie

143 In Gram-positive bacteria, peptidoglycan is tens of nanometres thick, generally por

144 The peptidoglycan layer is responsible for maintaining bacte

145 nown to have a specific interaction with the peptidoglycan layer of Gram-positive bacteria.

146 out TolC and discover that AcrA contacts the peptidoglycan layer of the periplasm.

147 uter membrane, then traverse the hydrophilic peptidoglycan layer only to find another hydrophobic lip

148 tion of the synthesis and remodelling of the peptidoglycan layer that surrounds the cytoplasmic membr

149 surround their cell membrane with a net-like peptidoglycan layer, called sacculus, to protect the cel

150 that facilitates toxin transport through the peptidoglycan layer.

151 nner membrane leads to lethal inner membrane-peptidoglycan linkages.

152 s from the free end of the polymer up to the peptidoglycan linker.

153 Bacterial peptidoglycan maintains cell shape.

154 Thus, renal filtration of microbiota-derived peptidoglycan maintains immune homeostasis in Drosophila

155 ands with their crosslinking to the existing peptidoglycan meshwork is unclear.

156 be useful tools for studying the dynamics of peptidoglycan metabolism.

157 oration of the effect on binding of distinct peptidoglycan modifications.

158 cally cleave the tracheal cytotoxin (TCT), a peptidoglycan monomer released by endosymbionts.

159 minated in the TM (notably those involved in peptidoglycan monomer, NADP(+), heme, lipid, and caroten

160 dacB caused the appearance of a larger-sized peptidoglycan monomer, the pentapeptide monomer, and an

161 did not significantly reduce the release of peptidoglycan monomers or free peptides.

162 The proinflammatory molecules include peptidoglycan monomers, peptidoglycan dimers, and free p

163 2 (NOD2) agonist muramyl dipeptide (MDP), a peptidoglycan motif common to all bacteria, supports leu

164 Fragments of bacterial peptidoglycan (muramyl peptides) activate innate immune

165 Here, we report the enzymes responsible for peptidoglycan N-deacetylation and their respective regul

166 r they are responsible for the high level of peptidoglycan N-deacetylation in C. difficile and the co

167 Finally, given the influence of peptidoglycan N-deacetylation on host defense against pa

168 hich of these N-deacetylases are involved in peptidoglycan N-deacetylation remains unknown.

169 tides (MDP), the minimal structural motif of peptidoglycan of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative ba

170 . bacteriovorus are known to deacetylate the peptidoglycan of the prey bacterium, generating an impor

171 AmpDh3 hydrolyzes the cell wall peptidoglycan of the prey bacterium, which leads to its

172 ogen-associated molecular patterns including peptidoglycans of Gram-positive bacteria and lipopolysac

173 ide stem from the saccharide backbone of the peptidoglycan on one side is a pre-requisite for its rec

174 their distinct roles in polarized division, peptidoglycan organization is different in cells treated

175 al action of PBP2 and PBP3 drives changes in peptidoglycan organization that are essential for the po

176 ow the repeated losses of the riboflavin and peptidoglycan pathways in Buchnera lead to dependence on

177 termining class of Campylobacter jejuni, the peptidoglycan peptidase 3 (Pgp3), are reported.

178 A peptidoglycan (PG) cell wall composed of glycans crossli

179 A peptidoglycan (PG) cell wall is an essential component o

180 The peptidoglycan (PG) cell wall is the primary determinant

181 on of this machinery is the synthesis of the peptidoglycan (PG) cell wall that caps the daughter pole

182 Bacterial cells are surrounded by a peptidoglycan (PG) cell wall.

183 ) can kill Gram-positive bacteria of diverse peptidoglycan (PG) chemotypes by secreting the metallopr

184 Bacterial cells are encased in a peptidoglycan (PG) exoskeleton that protects them from o

185 ct of this process is the generation of free peptidoglycan (PG) fragments known as muropeptides, whic

186 Peptidoglycan (PG) is a critical component of the bacter

187 Peptidoglycan (PG) is a defining feature of bacteria, in

188 Peptidoglycan (PG) is a highly cross-linked polysacchari

189 Peptidoglycan (PG) is a ubiquitous structural polysaccha

190 Peptidoglycan (PG) is an essential constituent of the ba

191 Bacterial peptidoglycan (PG) is recognized by the human innate imm

192 Peptidoglycan (PG) is the core structural motif of the b

193 Peptidoglycan (PG) is the main component of bacterial ce

194 ope that comprises an outer membrane (OM), a peptidoglycan (PG) layer and an inner membrane (IM)(1).

195 s are connected by an incompletely processed peptidoglycan (PG) layer.

196 cell walls are composed of a thick layer of peptidoglycan (PG) modified by the attachment of wall te

197 ansglycosylases (LT) are enzymes involved in peptidoglycan (PG) remodeling.

198 The peptidoglycan (PG) sacculus provides bacteria with the m

199 and comprises a covalently closed network of peptidoglycan (PG) strands.

200 Bacterial cell division and peptidoglycan (PG) synthesis are orchestrated by the coo

201 Bacterial peptidoglycan (PG) synthesis requires strict spatiotempo

202 east one enzyme that degrades the cell wall (peptidoglycan (PG)).

203 are surrounded by a protective exoskeleton, peptidoglycan (PG), a cross-linked mesh-like macromolecu

204 Here, we provide evidence that peptidoglycan (PG), a major component of the B. burgdorf

205 nts, including lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and peptidoglycan (PG), to facilitate infection in humans.

206 am-negative bacterium Myxococcus xanthus are peptidoglycan (PG)-deficient.

207 ting primarily of the polymerized aminosugar peptidoglycan (PG).

208 Peptidoglycan (PGN) is a cell wall component of both Gra

209 Peptidoglycan (PGN) is the major component of the bacter

210 indicate that increased crosslinking of the peptidoglycan polymer can be detrimental and highlight a

211 omplex functions to detach newly synthesized peptidoglycan polymer from the cell membrane to complete

212 Thus, our findings establish FtsW as a peptidoglycan polymerase that works with its cognate cla

213 unrelated SEDS protein family-also acts as a peptidoglycan polymerase(2-4).

214 coordinate its dual enzymatic activities of peptidoglycan polymerization and crosslinking to build t

215 W was previously proposed to translocate the peptidoglycan precursor lipid II across the cytoplasmic

216 MurJ is the flippase for the lipid-linked peptidoglycan precursor Lipid II, a key player in bacter

217 the LytR-CpsA-Psr protein family, using the peptidoglycan precursor native lipid II as acceptor subs

218 or transpeptidation of native or near native peptidoglycan precursors and fragments by Escherichia co

219 peptidoglycan allowing for the insertion of peptidoglycan precursors during cell growth and division

220 O-Acetylation of peptidoglycan protects bacteria from the lytic activity

221 Here, we investigated peptidoglycan recognition protein (PGRP)-encoding genes

222 EM-1) and its putative ligand the neutrophil peptidoglycan recognition protein 1 (PGLYRP1) in saliva.

223 eptor expressed on myeloid cells 1 (TREM-1), peptidoglycan recognition protein 1 (PGLYRP1), interleuk

224 in Pglyrp1 (-/-) mice (lacking bactericidal peptidoglycan recognition protein 1) could be transferre

225 This study identified peptidoglycan recognition protein 4 (PGLYRP4) as one of

226 Mammalian Peptidoglycan Recognition Proteins (PGRPs) kill bacteria

227 cing proinflammatory signaling downstream of peptidoglycan recognition.

228 Previous works in vitro showed that peptidoglycan recycling blockade disables AmpC-dependent

229 murine models of infection that blocking the peptidoglycan recycling in Pseudomonas aeruginosa causes

230 functions in both oligopeptide transport and peptidoglycan recycling.

231 The peptidoglycan-recycling substrate binding protein (SBP)

232 onstrated that internal sensing of bacterial peptidoglycan reduces Drosophila female oviposition via

233 ls where daughter cell formation occurs, and peptidoglycan regulates at least two distinct steps in t

234 Our results indicate that peptidoglycan regulators and adaptors are part of PG bio

235 elices form a complex that may function as a peptidoglycan release factor.

236 The peptidoglycan remodeling enzymes, lytic transglycosylase

237 ecific transcription, which initiates septal peptidoglycan remodeling involving synthetic and hydroly

238 between chromosome translocation and septal peptidoglycan remodeling to maintain spore development.

239 he link between chromosome translocation and peptidoglycan remodeling.

240 t the emerging role of LD-transpeptidases in peptidoglycan remodelling.

241 in the streptomycetes is not correlated with peptidoglycan-responsive Ser/Thr kinases for cell signal

242 ion in the clearance of circulating Lys-type peptidoglycan, revealing a mechanism that keeps these in

243 y important in pathways outside of bacterial peptidoglycan sensing and that involvement in such pathw

244 In addition to peptidoglycan sensing, NOD1 and the closely related PRR

245 t RIP2 may also function in roles outside of peptidoglycan sensing.

246 diates signaling downstream of the bacterial peptidoglycan sensors NOD1 and NOD2.

247 cross-linked, where the peptide stem on one peptidoglycan strand is linked to the peptide stem on a

248 How bacteria release newly synthesized peptidoglycan strands from the membrane to complete the

249 hanisms by which a muramidase recognizes its peptidoglycan substrate to facilitate protein secretion.

250 n transpeptidation, (c) assess the impact of peptidoglycan substrates on beta-lactam targeting of tra

251 s that act on peptidoglycan because suitable peptidoglycan substrates were inaccessible.

252 developed methods to make and label defined peptidoglycan substrates.

253 The inner peptidoglycan surface, consisting of more nascent materi

254 y of peptidoglycan assembly sites to control peptidoglycan synthase activity at a given subcellular l

255 tations that decreased the expression of the peptidoglycan synthase PBP1.

256 (Cgp_0016) as an interaction partner of the peptidoglycan synthase PBP1a that promotes its stable ac

257 peptidoglycan at the cell periphery promotes peptidoglycan synthase relocation to midcell during cell

258 lly, we report that recruitment of an active peptidoglycan synthase to the cell pole is detrimental f

259 e polymerase activity of the major S. aureus peptidoglycan synthase.

260 Cell wall growth is facilitated by peptidoglycan synthases and hydrolases and is potentiall

261 Several peptidoglycan synthases and hydrolases require activatio

262 e sacculus requires the combined activity of peptidoglycan synthases and hydrolases.

263 we present our current understanding of how peptidoglycan synthases are regulated by multiple and sp

264 al features for the interaction of GpsB with peptidoglycan synthases from three bacterial species (Ba

265 hesis by binding cytoplasmic mini-domains of peptidoglycan synthases to ensure their correct subcellu

266 tococcus pneumoniae, septal and longitudinal peptidoglycan syntheses are performed by independent fun

267 nd the division septum, thereby distributing peptidoglycan synthesis and coordinating the inward grow

268 king ugtP must re-adjust the balance between peptidoglycan synthesis and hydrolysis to maintain prope

269 d this property to investigate mycobacterial peptidoglycan synthesis and remodeling with heightened g

270 tory mechanisms that balance the directional peptidoglycan synthesis arising from the elongasome comp

271 cell separation, but also for initiation of peptidoglycan synthesis at mid-cell and cessation of pol

272 In its absence, peptidoglycan synthesis becomes spatially dysregulated,

273 But how peptidoglycan synthesis is regulated throughout the cell

274 Cells treated with inhibitors that prevent peptidoglycan synthesis or peptidoglycan crosslinking by

275 illin-binding proteins (PBPs) and inhibiting peptidoglycan synthesis, leading to cell death.

276 By re-engineering peptidoglycan synthesis, we have constructed a continuou

277 s in MreB dynamics and, as a consequence, in peptidoglycan synthesis.

278 can but are probably not involved in primary peptidoglycan synthesis.

279 proteins (PBPs) and related enzymes effected peptidoglycan synthesis.

280 portance of cross-link cleavage in bacterial peptidoglycan synthesis.

281 erial cell wall assembly by interfering with peptidoglycan synthesis.

282 n complex that spatially regulates S. aureus peptidoglycan synthesis.

283 ional entity which processes recently formed peptidoglycan synthesized by FtsW/PBP2x.

284 sW, we demonstrate that CbpD attacks nascent peptidoglycan synthesized by the divisome.

285 proteins (PBPs) were long considered the key peptidoglycan-synthesizing enzymes in these complexes.

286 porulation (SEDS) family to make up the core peptidoglycan-synthesizing machineries within the pneumo

287 NOD2 are intracellular sensors of bacterial peptidoglycan that belong to the Nod-like receptor famil

288 Bacteria are protected by a polymer of peptidoglycan that serves as an exoskeleton(1).

289 The cell wall is an elaborate framework of peptidoglycan that serves to protect the bacterium again

290 of cell wall precursors and changes in their peptidoglycan that suggest elevated DL-endopeptidase act

291 Peptidoglycan, the sugar-amino acid polymer that compose

292 dosymbiont of mealybugs builds its cell wall peptidoglycan through a biosynthetic pathway that is dep

293 llular Ca(2+) can trigger internalization of peptidoglycan trace contaminants found in culture serum,

294 l mechanism of stereochemical editing within peptidoglycan transpeptidation, (c) assess the impact of

295 host detection, bacteria often recycle their peptidoglycan, transporting its components back into the

296 eflects an aging process associated with low peptidoglycan turnover in the stalk.

297 obial and cellular origin, such as bacterial peptidoglycan, viral infections, parasitic infections, a

298 pes of polyanionic polymers linked to either peptidoglycan (wall teichoic acids; WTA) or to membrane

299 Bacterial peptidoglycan was demonstrated in brain tissue sections

300 ural component of the bacterial cell wall is peptidoglycan, which is essential for viability and the