ライフサイエンスコーパス: petal

1 olet (UV) angle-resolved spectroscopy of the petal.

2 ity increasing towards the distal end of the petal.

3 e cuticle in the smooth/distal region of the petal.

4 ontained in the powders made from cornflower petals.

5 dermal cells, leading to left-handed twisted petals.

6 te senescence-associated genes in leaves and petals.

7 causing homeotic conversion of anthers into petals.

8 RILE APETALA (SAP) protein in the developing petals.

9 ade to illustrate their locations across the petals.

10 eugenol content in both fruit receptacle and petals.

11 expression with higher expression in adaxial petals.

12 gh high expression values were also found in petals.

13 to the regulation of eugenol biosynthesis in petals.

14 cifically in stem epidermal cells and flower petals.

15 esis is prioritized over lignin formation in petals.

16 sis, mainly in upper anther filaments and in petals.

17 elay of petal development, leading to folded petals.

18 the current market is derived from marigold petals.

19 trongly than those with anthers protected by petals.

20 dispersed anthocyanin spots in monkeyflower petals.

21 owders from an aqueous extract of cornflower petals.

22 ns, with the exception of boundaries between petals.

23 he accumulation of glycosylated compounds in petals.

24 In other species, petals abscise while still turgid.

25 ovide important information on regulation of petal abscission in roses.

26 ana are ethylene-sensitive and undergo rapid petal abscission while hybrid roses show reduced ethylen

27 differences, a comparative transcriptome of petal abscission zones (AZ) of 0 h and 8 h ethylene-trea

28 We conclude that during petal abscission, RhERF1 and RhERF4 integrate and coordi

29 RhERF1 or RhERF4 was observed to accelerate petal abscission.

30 ), and reduced expression of RhBGLA1 delayed petal abscission.

31 ida), RhERF1 and RhERF4 which play a role in petal abscission.

32 the selfing species suggests that the small-petal allele was captured from standing genetic variatio

33 hydrophobic concentrating effect of the rose petals allows us to concentrate metal nanoparticle (NP)

34 In petunia petals, AN11 and the bHLH protein AN1 activate, together

35 reside in the epicuticular wax layer of the petal and only one-third in the intracuticular wax.

36 and affects elongation or differentiation of petal and sepal cells.

37 sperm species, exhibit numerous instances of petal and sepal loss, transference of petal function bet

38 cts of B class floral homeotic genes specify petal and stamen identity, and loss of B function result

39 the ancestral B-class function in specifying petal and stamen identity, indicating that GLO2 underwen

40 organ size, it is interesting that adjacent petal and stamen whorls are most strongly affected.

41 ssed during the development of sepal-derived petals and are not implicated in petal identity in stame

42 Rose petals and calendula infusions gave the highest content

43 expression of CsWUS resulted in more sepals, petals and carpels, suggesting that CsCLV3 and CsWUS fun

44 CsCLV3-RNAi led to increased number of petals and carpels, whereas overexpression of CsWUS resu

45 UITFULL-like MADS-box gene, resulted in more petals and carpels.

46 by analysing the development of Arabidopsis petals and comparing the results to models of leaf devel

47 kled leaves with deeper serrations, serrated petals and deformed carpels.

48 fruit-based snacks supplemented with edible petals and fruits were characterized for their nutrition

49 acre and bone-inspired structural materials, petals and gecko foot-inspired adhesive films, lotus and

50 ifferential growth of the inner layer of the petals and in the midrib by providing a qualitatively di

51 In the present work, the edible petals and infusions of dahlia, rose, calendula and cent

52 ucose and sucrose were identified in all the petals and infusions.

53 ing the aerial parts of all plants including petals and leaves, can present a wide range of patterns

54 erning was regulated by PeMYBs in the sepals/petals and lip.

55 eduction of physical adhesion forces between petals and other floral organs during floral development

56 abidopsis thaliana that displays twisting in petals and roots, at the organ and cell level, has been

57 ow that NPR3 expression was strongest in the petals and sepals of developing flowers and declined aft

58 (male and female structures) and secondary (petals and sepals) sexual organs on hermaphrodite specie

59 rowth by cell expansion in the fused tube of petals and stamen filaments beneath the anther insertion

60 P or SAUR63:GUS fusions had long hypocotyls, petals and stamen filaments, suggesting that these prote

61 a late elaboration of the region between the petals and stamens associated with epigyny and the hypan

62 TILLATA (PI), which control the formation of petals and stamens during Arabidopsis flower development

63 tially colocalized within epidermal cells of petals and temporally overlap in partially open flowers.

64 s required for the development of sepals and petals and to antagonize the C-function in the outer flo

65 tive evapotranspirational water loss through petals and water-saturated air from the nectar tube.

66 ogenetically similar short-lived ones (e.g., petals), and that mutation rate heterogeneity should be

67 developed narrow leaflet blades, sepals and petals, and abnormally shaped fruit.

68 activated lines failed to shed their sepals, petals, and anthers during pod expansion and maturity, a

69 ntify the different pigments produced in the petals, and qualitative and quantitative RT-PCR to assay

70 erates many different organs such as leaves, petals, and stamens, each with a particular function and

71 and VvMYBC2-L3 showed a severe reduction in petal anthocyanins and seed proanthocyanidins together w

72 Rose petals are green, natural materials that appear to have

73 in components detected on the surface of the petals are low-molecular-weight organic acids, sugars, a

74 described in snapdragon (Antirrhinum majus) petals, are known regulators of epidermal cell different

75 ximately 3.8 times larger than the projected petal area.

76 at higher altitudes had larger UV-absorbing petal areas, corresponding with low temperature and high

77 ese results highlight the interest of edible petals "as" and "in" new food products, representing ric

78 tains further morphogenetic potential of the petal, as previously described for KNOX gene function in

79 plicated in petal identity in stamen-derived petals, as their transient expression coincides with ear

80 ants exhibit ectopic growth in filaments and petals, as well as aberrant embryogenesis.

81 t the evolution and diversification of fused petals, at least within the megadiverse Asteridae clade

82 en 0 and 8 h ethylene-treated R. bourboniana petal AZ.

83 (CgsMYB6 and CgsMYB11) are also involved in petal background pigmentation.

84 on in CgsMYB12 creates a white cup on a pink petal background.

85 With the novel petal-based substrate, the SERS measurements reveal a de

86 different pigments from the remainder of the petal, being composed of cyanidin/peonidin-based, instea

87 Analysis of petal breakstrength reveals that if IAA AZ levels are re

88 re it specifies the identities of sepals and petals by restricting the expression of AGAMOUS (AG) to

89 ere detected in those prepared from hibiscus petals, Ca from aloe leaves and Mg from leaves of ginkgo

90 e combination of bilberry fruits with edible petals, calendula and rose, improved the nutritional and

91 The iridescence of the petal can be quantitatively characterized by spectrometr

92 at pigmentation in different sections of the petal can evolve independently.

93 ls enclose and protect the flower bud, while petals can be large and showy so as to attract pollinato

94 ng to the homeotic conversion of sepals into petals, carpels, or stamens, depending on the genetic co

95 ch determine flower color by hyperacidifying petal cell vacuoles.

96 l proliferation period and reduced number of petal cells.

97 Four petals characterize the flowers of most species in the B

98 allopolyploid Brassica napus, we obtained a petal-closed flower mutation by ethyl methanesulfonate m

99 al tests to identify the gene(s) involved in petal coloration in Clarkia gracilis ssp. sonomensis.

100 ty to precisely control the structure of the petal condensates both by carefully modifying the excita

101 pal epidermis, but only a moderate effect on petal cone cell ridges.

102 erity in anthocyanin suppression observed in petals could be associated with the expression level of

103 , the structure-function relationship of the petal cuticle of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) was

104 Petals, defined as the showy laminar floral organs in th

105 fluids by sheets of moderate thickness with petals designed to curl into closed shapes, capillarity

106 t others differ between senescing leaves and petals, despite these organs sharing a common evolutiona

107 We show that petal development involves a divergent polarity field wi

108 also show that the role of RBE in sepal and petal development is mediated in part through the concom

109 he first evidence of ARF6/8 homolog-mediated petal development outside the core eudicots.

110 We therefore provide evidence for petal development that is independent of B-class genes a

111 a1 insertion lines showed a strong defect in petal development, and transient alteration of pollen in

112 ype, where defects are observed in sepal and petal development, but leaf blades are apparently normal

113 This results in an inhibition or a delay of petal development, leading to folded petals.

114 Here, we demonstrate that, early in petal development, RBE represses the transcription of a

115 nd GRCD5, were found to be indispensable for petal development.

116 genetic pathway previously involved in free petal development.

117 ranscriptional repressor and is required for petal development.

118 gulating cell proliferation in the Aquilegia petal during the early phase (phase I) of spur developme

119 Clarkia gracilis petals each have a single red-purple spot that contrasts

120 erties in terms of superhydrophobilicity and petal effect.

121 ponsible for the evolution of an unpigmented petal element on a colored background.

122 al petal elongation in Senecio versus dorsal petal elongation in Antirrhinum In S vulgaris, diversifi

123 sion domains are divergent, allowing ventral petal elongation in Senecio versus dorsal petal elongati

124 cause dramatic left-handed helical growth of petal epidermal cells, leading to left-handed twisted pe

125 cts in organ growth and in the morphology of petal epidermal cells, showing that the interaction betw

126 unction between floral whorls, and recurrent petal evolution.

127 egulator of flower maturation, synchronizing petal expansion and volatile emission.

128 onal methods of preparation (fresh/air-dried petals extracted in 50% ethanol or aqueous sucrose syrup

129 c extraction of dry petals followed by fresh petal extraction in ethanol and, finally, extraction in

130 ctionations were conducted with polar flower petal extracts from P. x hortorum cv. Nittany Lion Red,

131 cyanidins together with a higher pH of crude petal extracts.

132 on between the central dimer and surrounding petals favors a chiral arrangement.

133 twisted rosette leaves, a reduced number of petals, fewer viable pollen grains, and larger embryos a

134 were achieved by ethanolic extraction of dry petals followed by fresh petal extraction in ethanol and

135 s were determined in extracts from 'Amadeus' petals, followed by 'Colossal Meidiland' and finally, 'R

136 ormal ethylene burst in the stigma/style and petals following pollination was also suppressed by heat

137 ecofriendly substrates, based on common rose petals, for ultrasensitive surface-enhanced Raman scatte

138 lants, including Arabidopsis, the sepals and petals form distinctive nanoridges in their cuticles.

139 ces of petal and sepal loss, transference of petal function between floral whorls, and recurrent peta

140 all angiosperm species produce flowers with petals fused into a corolla tube.

141 Angiosperm petal fusion (sympetaly) has evolved multiple times inde

142 nd intra-specific variation in the degree of petal fusion is controlled by various inputs from genes

143 Arabidopsis petals grow via basipetal waves of cell division, follow

144 d SvDIV1B appear to have a conserved role in petal growth in both Senecio and Antirrhinum, the regula

145 Petal growth was partially restored by the active gibber

146 wed that RAY3 promotes and SvDIV1B represses petal growth, confirming their roles in floral zygomorph

147 ich perianth differentiation into sepals and petals has evolved multiple times.

148 screte translational symmetry allows the six-petal holey silicon to achieve the topological phase tra

149 class gene APETALA2 (AP2) promotes sepal and petal identities in whorls 1 and 2 and restricts the exp

150 tity but function independently in sepal and petal identity (AP1) and in proper fruit development and

151 established by the interplay between dorsal petal identity genes, CYCLOIDEA (CYC) and RADIALIS (RAD)

152 nd suggest that different genetic control of petal identity has evolved within this lineage of core e

153 pal-derived petals and are not implicated in petal identity in stamen-derived petals, as their transi

154 ADS-box homologs for evidence of a conserved petal identity program between sepal-derived and stamen-

155 nth evolution, the concept of a core eudicot petal identity program has not been tested.

156 We therefore examined the petal identity program in the Caryophyllales, a core eud

157 se findings, it is commonly assumed that the petal identity program regulated by B-class MADS-box gen

158 on patterns consistent with the core eudicot petal identity program.

159 le of APETALA1 as an "A-function" (sepal and petal identity) gene is thought to be Brassicaceae speci

160 these genes also control flowering time and petal identity, suggesting that AP1/FUL homologs might h

161 for the role of AP1 in Arabidopsis sepal and petal identity, the canonical A function of the ABC mode

162 s might have been independently recruited in petal identity.

163 d in their form and function - the colour of petals in flowering plants, the shape of the fronds in f

164 eals that in-plane dipolar repulsion between petals in the cluster favors the achiral configuration,

165 upport two independent evolutions of fringed petals in the family.

166 ated in the control of auxin dynamics during petal initiation, is directly repressed by JAG.

167 During the early phase of petal initiation, RBE regulates a microRNA164-dependent

168 rsepal regions with more space available for petal initiation.

169 function results in homeotic conversions of petals into sepals and stamens into carpels.

170 The Arabidopsis petal is a simple laminar organ whose development is lar

171 ct analysis of the molecules from the flower petal is enabled by interfacing intense (10(13) W/cm(2))

172 e ridged portion on the upper surface of the petal is enriched in long-chain fatty acids, which are c

173 Conversion of anthers into petals is a visual marker that can be useful for mitocho

174 he surface of the distal white region of the petals is smooth and noniridescent, a selective chemical

175 This presents a puzzle: if the function of petals is to attract pollinators, then flowers might be

176 The effects of rbe mutations on petal lamina growth suggest that RBE is also required to

177 made of printing inks, plant parts (such as petals, leaves, and slices of rhizomes), and fungal grow

178 ging of these assemblies revealed microscale petal-like and intertwined fiber morphologies, each with

179 These states exhibit a petal-like intensity distribution arising due to the int

180 Carbon dots inducing petal-like rutile TiO2 wrapped by ultrathin graphene-ric

181 , 2 hydrolysable tannins and 31 flavonols in petal liqueurs.

182 N, controlling anthocyanin production in the petal lobe and nectar guide, respectively.

183 Here we show that the parallel evolution of petal lobe anthocyanin (PLA) pigmentation in M. cupreus

184 ains, leading to spot formation in different petal locations.

185 the broad distal organiser of polarity, and PETAL LOSS (PTL), which has been implicated in the contr

186 have a broader distribution along the distal petal margin, consistent with the broad distal organiser

187 post-mitotic cell expansion and concomitant petal maturation.

188 Here we explore the role of petal microstructure in influencing floral light capture

189 temperature caused the strongest increase in petal number and lengthened the time interval over which

190 A variable petal number distinguishes the flowers of Cardamine hirs

191 n of floral buds is associated with variable petal number in C. hirsuta and responds to seasonal chan

192 hotoperiod, and vernalization, all increased petal number in C. hirsuta Cool temperature caused the s

193 o address this question, we assessed whether petal number responds to a suite of environmental and en

194 e flowering time in C. hirsuta We found that petal number showed seasonal variation in C. hirsuta, su

195 However, it is less clear whether C. hirsuta petal number varies in response to seasonal changes in e

196 mentation of the basal region ('cup') in the petal of C. gracilis ssp. sonomensis.

197 We explored the optical properties of the petal of Hibiscus trionum by macro-imaging, scanning and

198 leaves is commonly lower than that within a petal of the same plant, and there is no more heterogene

199 using RNA-seq data generated from leaves and petals of an allotetraploid monkeyflower (Mimulus luteus

200 ogs was also detected in the nectary-bearing petals of Delphinium and Epimedium.

201 ation for the analysis of the surface of the petals of Hibiscus richardsonii flowers, which have a ri

202 anthocyanin-rich) portion at the base of the petals of Hibiscus trionum.

203 White areas of star-type bicolour petals of petunia (Petunia hybrida) are caused by post-t

204 Further comparisons with ethylene-treated petals of R. bourboniana and 8 h ethylene-treated AZ (R.

205 example, beetles [2]) and in plants (on the petals of some animal pollinated flowers [5]).

206 A O-methyltransferase (PhCCoAOMT1) from the petals of the fragrant petunia 'Mitchell'.

207 AD were exclusively expressed in the ventral petals of the ray florets.

208 The petals of white flowers revealed interesting bioactive p

209 ibits rapid paralysis after consuming flower petals of zonal geranium, Pelargonium x hortorum.

210 nomers on the upper (adaxial) surface of the petals on both the white/smooth and anthocyanic/ridged r

211 mical characterization of the surface of the petals on different portions (i.e., ridged vs smooth) is

212 also found the effect of the pigment of the petals on the SERS performance.

213 o regulate later developmental events during petal organogenesis.

214 developmental events required for sepal and petal organogenesis.

215 Using rose petal patterns, we illustrate the versatility of bio-tem

216 in the original flowers when the effects of petal pigment and illumination are taken into account.

217 ication has been central to the evolution of petal pigmentation patterning in C. gracilis ssp. sonome

218 Petal pigmentation patterning is widespread in flowering

219 For taxa with anthers enclosed within petals, pigmentation declined with increases in temperat

220 ption levels of SlCER6 in the anther and the petal, preferentially in sites subject to epidermal fusi

221 flower (GBF) platform with multiple-branched petals, prepared by a liquid-liquid-gas triphase interfa

222 erconnected and lobed regions of neighboring petal primordia, and between lower and upper portions of

223 mes cleared from boundary subdomains between petal primordia, most likely contributing to formation o

224 hway that controls cell proliferation at the petal primordium boundaries.

225 Air-dehydration of 'Amadeus' petals prior to extraction in 50% ethanol yielded rose l

226 The optimum result by POA, similar to a rose petal property, could rise 72% in surface contact angle

227 n A. thaliana are associated with the distal petal region.

228 unfused lobes and fused tube of P. axillaris petals revealed three strong candidate genes for sympeta

229 igests and infusions of Hibiscus sabdariffa (petals), Rosa canina (receptacles), Ginkgo biloba (leave

230 protocol is described for measuring gloss in petal samples collected in the field, using a glossmeter

231 erry exhibiting symptoms of Strawberry Green Petal (SbGP), periwinkle plants with virescence, and bla

232 ripening and abscission, as well as leaf and petal senescence and abscission and, hence, plays a role

233 duction and cellular processes that regulate petal senescence and cell death.

234 dy the effect of 6-benzylaminopurine (BA) on petal senescence by transcript profile comparison after

235 pecies, identifying suitable models to study petal senescence has been challenging, and the best cand

236 nscription factors that are activated during petal senescence in several species including Arabidopsi

237 In many species a visible sign of petal senescence is wilting.

238 ntial aspects of redox signaling in leaf and petal senescence, with the aim of linking physiological,

239 atically enhanced leaf expansion and delayed petal senescence.

240 ad meristic alterations, with one additional petal, sepal, stamen, and carpel at each of the four who

241 d the elongation of floral organs, including petals, sepals, and siliques in Arabidopsis.

242 uction in the force necessary to bring about petal separation; however, the effect was not additive i

243 the phenotypes of des/fvemir164a except the petal serrations.

244 This difference aligns with variation in petal shape and fusion across ontogeny of the two specie

245 ents and geometric morphometrics to quantify petal shape.

246 ces between waxes on the adaxial and abaxial petal sides and between epicuticular and intracuticular

247 In the sepals/petals, silencing of PeMYB2, PeMYB11, and PeMYB12 result

248 tor contributed to the specific reduction of petal size after the transition to selfing in the genus

249 also suggests that, at least in the case of petal size evolution, these similarities have a similar

250 Petal-size variation in the current out-crossing populat

251 -effect mutations have contributed to reduce petal-size.

252 l CoA-ligases from petunia (Petunia hybrida) petal-specific cDNA libraries.

253 s-induced gene silencing resulted in largely petal-specific defects, including a significant reductio

254 Petal spots are widespread in angiosperms and are often

255 changes underlying shifts in the position of petal spots in Clarkia.

256 to explore their roles in Aquileiga coerulea petal spur development.

257 The petal spur of the basal eudicot Aquilegia is a key innov

258 tion and nectary maturation in the Aquilegia petal spur.

259 Here, we tested the role of KNOX genes in petal-spur development by isolating orthologs of the A.

260 ants with ectopic petal spurs suggested that petal-spur development is dependent on the expression of

261 l in which KNOX gene expression during early petal-spur development promotes and maintains further mo

262 tic pathways that control the development of petal spurs are still being investigated.

263 These data indicate that petal spurs could have evolved by changes in regulatory

264 on of Antirrhinum majus mutants with ectopic petal spurs suggested that petal-spur development is dep

265 ns, but have relatively higher expression in petal spurs, particularly at later stages.

266 ers from A. majus in possessing long, narrow petal spurs.

267 could contribute to the greater strength of petal-stamen correlations relative to other floral-lengt

268 organized into concentric whorls of sepals, petals, stamens and carpels, with each of these floral o

269 aplotypes were associated with the length of petals, stamens, and to a lesser extent style-stigma len

270 as been separately referred to as a modified petal stipule, stamen and tepal.

271 Further characterization of the mutant petals suggested that nanoridge formation and conical ce

272 undant in the kiwifruit flower, particularly petal, suggesting a role in floral organ identity.

273 lay higher proportions of flowers with extra petals, suggesting PGX1's involvement in floral organ pa

274 ffect of the Wenzal state of the hydrophobic petal surface further concentrate the analytes and enhan

275 The abaxial petal surface is relatively flat, whereas the adaxial si

276 cted on the white/smooth region of the upper petal surface or on the smooth lower surface.

277 ween flower, pollinator and gravity, and how petal surface structure can influence that interaction.

278 Petal surfaces of C. bipinnatus thus impose relatively w

279 tributing to formation of congenitally fused petals (sympetally) and modulation of growth at sinuses.

280 nt is the congenital or postgenital union of petals (sympetaly) which has enabled dramatic specializa

281 that spring flowering plants developed more petals than those flowering in summer.

282 ield, (ii) long narrow gaps between adjacent petals that induce a strong plasmonic coupling effect, a

283 etermine the physiological behaviours of the petal tissue were measured.

284 end to be male-biased and invest strongly in petals to promote pollen export, while lighter flowers t

285 direct surface analysis of Hibiscus trionum petals using liquid extraction surface analysis (LESA) c

286 Globally, the extent of petal UV pigmentation increased significantly across tax

287 rilliant golden-orange flowers, though white petal variants have been described.

288 encing, we have discovered in multiple white petal varieties a single deletion leading to altered spl

289 the 409-megabase genome sequence of the blue-petal water lily (Nymphaea colorata).

290 The petal wax was found to contain unusually high concentrat

291 provides a detailed characterization of the petal waxes, using Cosmos bipinnatus as a model, and com

292 ers of alcoholic liqueurs prepared from rose petals were evaluated by comparing the potential of thre

293 nt, purple/white segmented Phalaenopsis spp. petals were first analyzed using standard liquid chromat

294 larger areas of UV-absorbing pigmentation on petals, which protects pollen from UV-damage.

295 Rafflesia, the diaphragm is derived from the petal whorl.

296 t of straightness - a root will grow down, a petal will grow flat.

297 features of the GBFs: (i) multiple-branched petals with an enhanced local electromagnetic field, (ii

298 abscission, and produced leaves, sepals and petals with diminished blades, indicating a requirement

299 ptical effects produced by epoxy replicas of petals with folded cuticles persist and induce iridescen

300 esulted in reduced fusion of Petunia hybrida petals, with silencing of both PhGATA19 and its close pa

301 In this work, seven PYP/XES (Pale Yellow Petal/ Xanthophyll esterase) genes were identified in Ci