ライフサイエンスコーパス: petroleum

1 crofluidic systems for sample preparation of petroleum.

2 r of components in complex mixtures, such as petroleum.

3 cost of producing virgin polycarbonates from petroleum.

4 bon advanced cellulosic biofuels in place of petroleum.

5 the composition of heavily weathered spilled petroleum.

6 they are common in organic media, including petroleum.

7 n capacities of polar molecules in migrating petroleum.

8 missions from the consumption of coal (49%), petroleum (25%), natural gas (17%), and biomass (9%).

9 ymers to lubricants are largely derived from petroleum, a non-renewable resource.

10 cades, due to the extreme complexity of many petroleum acid mixtures.

11 Identification of individual petroleum acids ("naphthenic" acids, NA) has proved chal

12 Petroleum Administration for Defense Districts (PADD) re

13 sites may respond more promptly in degrading petroleum after accidental oil spills.

14 lcite) with natural petroleum oil, synthetic petroleum analogues, and aqueous brines to understand th

15 of sulfur and d-limonene, by-products of the petroleum and citrus industries, respectively.

16 esults, the Paper, Primary Metals, Chemical, Petroleum and Coal Products, and Food subsectors have th

17 Fabricated Metals, Transportation Equipment, Petroleum and Coal Products, and Plastics and Rubber sub

18 For all fish, PAHs originated mostly from petroleum and combustion sources.

19 Petroleum and dispersant ICE models were statistically s

20 n estimation (ICE) models were developed for petroleum and dispersant products to facilitate the pred

21 pproach to estimating toxicity to a range of petroleum and dispersant products with applicability to

22 to characterize the hydrocarbon component of petroleum and environmental mixtures by "hydrocarbon gro

23 tion data sets to accurately forecast future petroleum and GHG emissions savings from hybridization o

24 iso-Alkanes are major components of petroleum and have been considered recalcitrant to biode

25 al estimates are 3 to 7 times higher for the petroleum and natural gas production sectors but similar

26 fficiency of conversion of hydrocarbons from petroleum and natural gas to higher-value materials.

27 erm global climate change, caused by burning petroleum and other fossil fuels, has motivated an urgen

28 Measurement of water in petroleum and petroleum-based products is of industrial

29 s with two study sediments contaminated with petroleum and polychlorinated biphenyls, respectively, a

30 ed prairie) reductions in CO(2)e compared to petroleum and were similar for electric vehicles.

31 tal, economic, and political advantages over petroleum as a source of energy for the transportation s

32 While Themis has been demonstrated with petroleum as an example of a complex mixture, its basic

33 During the first hours after release of petroleum at sea, crude oil hydrocarbons partition rapid

34 man-made materials, with more than 90% being petroleum-based and nonbiodegradable.

35 dity plastics and materials are derived from petroleum-based chemicals, illustrating the strong depen

36 on diethyl-2,5-furandicarboxylate and of the petroleum-based diethyl terephthalate and diethyl isopht

37 which are currently produced primarily from petroleum-based feedstocks.

38 Biodegradation of organic matter, including petroleum-based fuels and biofuels, can create undesired

39 (WTW) life cycle greenhouse gas analysis of petroleum-based fuels consumed in the U.S. in 2005, know

40 When compared to the petroleum-based fuels currently used in these vehicles,

41 (0-6% and 19%, respectively, compared to the petroleum-based fuels), while other natural gas pathways

42 inly derived from the catalytic reforming of petroleum-based long chain hydrocarbons.

43 The replacement of current petroleum-based plastics with sustainable alternatives i

44 developing more sustainable replacements for petroleum-based plastics.

45 mentally friendly alternative to traditional petroleum-based plastics.

46 able active packaging is required to replace petroleum-based plastics.

47 ress the many issues associated with current petroleum-based polymers.

48 ction technologies may complement or replace petroleum-based production of chemicals, but they face a

49 ttention due to environmental concerns about petroleum-based production of these compounds.

50 ntial to provide sustainable substitutes for petroleum-based products and new chemical building block

51 Measurement of water in petroleum and petroleum-based products is of industrial and economic i

52 iorenewable alternatives to the conventional petroleum-based products.

53 ived increasing attention as substitutes for petroleum-based products.

54 uring chemicals, enabling the replacement of petroleum-based raw materials with renewable biobased fe

55 cals from synthesis gas originating from non-petroleum-based sources.

56 in the U.S. in 2005, known as the NETL 2005 Petroleum Baseline.

57 for understanding the complicated process of petroleum biodegradation in marine environments.

58 he oil spill is based on a trace analysis of petroleum biomarkers (steranes, diasteranes, and pentacy

59 Petroleum biomarkers such as hopanoids, steranes, and tr

60 idence for extensive degradation of numerous petroleum biomarkers, notably including the native inter

61 ic low-molecular weight aromatic fraction of petroleum, but the extent of adsorption was insufficient

62 dation transformation products) in weathered petroleum by Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance m

63 enerally produced from alkane sources (e.g., petroleum) by inert carbon-hydrogen (C-H) bond activatio

64 Source samples including petroleum coke (petcoke), haul road dust, and unprocesse

65 source samples were also analyzed, including petroleum coke (petcoke, from both delayed and fluid cok

66 were therefore performed on oil sands fluid petroleum coke deposits in Alberta, Canada.

67 Petroleum coke or "petcoke" is a granular carbonaceous m

68 This suggests that petroleum coke particles are a potential source of heter

69 to trace V(V) was also detected within fluid petroleum coke particles.

70 o "char" (a carbonaceous material similar to petroleum coke) and enhanced soil fertility.

71 of inexpensive carbon sources-such as coal, petroleum coke, biochar, carbon black, discarded food, r

72 and air were observed in extracts of delayed petroleum coke, with similar distributions.

73 rom heavy crude oils, tar sands bitumen, and petroleum coke.

74 toxicity of leachates derived from oil sands petroleum coke.

75 contained more than 3 x 10(7) m(3) of fluid petroleum coke.

76 dels are needed to simulate the behaviors of petroleum compounds released in deep (>100 m) waters.

77 GC/APCI enables soft ionization of petroleum compounds that form abundant molecular ions wi

78 G) Emission standards are designed to reduce petroleum consumption and GHG emissions from light-duty

79 ize, 4.4 x 10(6)) against hapten markers for petroleum contamination (phenanthrene and methylphenanth

80 dation products in samples influenced by the petroleum contamination and its biodegradation.

81 r, there were no comprehensive baselines for petroleum contamination in the Gulf of Mexico (GoM) prio

82 Increasingly frequent petroleum contamination in water bodies continues to thr

83 eaviest, most polar and aromatic fraction of petroleum crucial to the formation of highly-stable wate

84 for the measurement of dissolved methane in petroleum crude oil at high and variable combinations of

85 Studies of exposure to petroleum (crude oil/fuel) often involve monitoring benz

86 tative characterization of sulfur-containing petroleum derivatives is mainly limited by the large num

87 urces are: sugarcane burn before harvest and petroleum derivatives.

88 rams or 4.1 to 4.6 million barrels of fossil petroleum derived carbon (petrocarbon) as oil into the G

89 Increasing interest in petroleum derived from unconventional deposits is likely

90 ion (ethanol and isobutanol) or hydration of petroleum-derived alkenes (heavier alcohols), but their

91 sess properties akin or superior to existing petroleum-derived analogs.

92 ) mediates the one-pot conversion of several petroleum-derived arenes into the corresponding silylate

93 in EA in all cases, relative to BPA and one petroleum-derived BPA analogue (bisphenol F, BPF), and t

94 Acrylonitrile (ACN) is a petroleum-derived compound used in resins, polymers, acr

95 t of the Continental Divide, are enriched in petroleum-derived compounds, including polycyclic aromat

96 mixed with a binder composed of high-boiling petroleum-derived compounds, which have been thought to

97 r appeared to have higher GHG emissions than petroleum-derived diesel at the highest GWPbio.

98 tion with biofuel but remained inactive with petroleum-derived diesel fuel.

99 on and acute toxicity per unit carbon of the petroleum-derived dissolved organic matter (DOM(HC)) pro

100 s that resemble the molecular composition of petroleum-derived dissolved organic matter, including ab

101 d compounds were degraded first, followed by petroleum-derived exogenous pollutants, and finally by h

102 , isomeric olefin mixtures commonly found in petroleum-derived feedstock can be transformed to a sing

103 icating whether these fuels are preferred to petroleum-derived fuels or not.

104 apable of supplementing or replacing current petroleum-derived fuels.

105 less than those of conventionally produced, petroleum-derived fuels.

106 rogen-storage materials as an alternative to petroleum-derived fuels.

107 that are capable of replacing conventional, petroleum-derived gasoline and diesel continue to be scr

108 alate (PET), is obtained by the oxidation of petroleum-derived p-xylene.

109 ch is a potential large-scale substitute for petroleum-derived polyethylene terephthalate (PET).

110 Petroleum-derived polymers including epoxies and cyanoac

111 C) for each bioproduct and its corresponding petroleum-derived product.

112 Diphenylamines are widely used to protect petroleum-derived products from autoxidation.

113 ustrial additives, finding widespread use in petroleum-derived products.

114 ing attention as sustainable alternatives to petroleum-derived surfactants.

115 Changes to the interface after petroleum displacement by aqueous brines are also discus

116 sclosed organic compounds used in HVHF, only petroleum distillates and alcohol polyethoxylates were p

117 medium-chain triglyceride oil, coconut oil, petroleum distillates, and diluent terpenes.

118 s hydrocarbon mixture suggests that multiple petroleum distillates, potentially used in DDT manufactu

119 on of small PAHs isolated from a low-boiling petroleum distillation cut was also performed.

120 nerated chemicals or fuels could augment the petroleum-dominated chemical market, and also satisfy th

121 noflagellates is a noteworthy route by which petroleum enters marine food webs and a previously overl

122 ts with adenine-induced CKD treated with the petroleum ether (PE)-, ethyl acetate (EA)- and n-butanol

123 Carotenoids were isolated using acetone-petroleum ether extraction followed by spectrophotometri

124 Soxhlet extraction of the RSP (petroleum ether followed by 95% ethanol) gave a solid ex

125 % methanol, 50% acetone, 0.01% pectinase, or petroleum ether were also evaluated.

126 n exposure of the EC sensor film to HCCl3 in petroleum ether, a colored product is produced within th

127 nd to determine the effect of treatment with petroleum ether, ethyl acetate and n-butanol extracts of

128 ca, or zeolite seed), and many oils (decane, petroleum ether, or ethyl acetate).

129 d to react with BF3 freshly preformulated in petroleum ether/tetrahydrofuran (50:1).

130 ral understanding that unconventional oil is petroleum-extracted and processed into petroleum product

131 many environments including sewage systems, petroleum extraction platforms, kraft paper mills, and e

132 nt droughts and concerns about water use for petroleum extraction renew the need to inventory water u

133 With the expansion of offshore petroleum extraction, validated models are needed to sim

134 The syntheses of carboxylates from petroleum feedstock require a series of oxidation reacti

135 mination of the life-cycle emissions of U.S. petroleum feedstocks.

136 d water column measurements, 24% of released petroleum fluid mass became channeled into a stable deep

137 The analysis of a real petroleum fluid was also performed and compared to FID r

138 tionally, the simulated densities of emitted petroleum fluids affect previous estimates of the volume

139 ly, which increased dissolution of ascending petroleum fluids by 25%.

140 el predicts that 27% of the released mass of petroleum fluids dissolved into the sea during ascent fr

141 The photooxidation of compounds in petroleum, following exposure to sunlight, is expected t

142 of the regulatory requirements for sulfur in petroleum fractions.

143 ose is a critical step towards manufacturing petroleum-free chemicals from lignocellulosic biomass.

144 transit buses (31% reduction compared to the petroleum-fueled vehicles).

145 x mixtures of hydrocarbons are ubiquitous as petroleum fuels and, consequently, environmental contami

146 ogically viable and renewable alternative to petroleum fuels, with the potential to reduce net greenh

147 t to match the stringent cost targets set by petroleum fuels.

148 ent of GHG emissions associated with various petroleum fuels; such assessment is the centerpiece of l

149 8% of the population will be using Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) as a cooking fuel, in comparison wit

150 from wood, charcoal, kerosene, and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) cookstoves.

151 vention Network (HAPIN) trial is a liquified petroleum gas (LPG) fuel/stove randomized intervention t

152 rk, we systematically enhanced the liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) sensing performance of chemical bath

153 no multicountry field trials with liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) stoves, likely the cleanest scalable

154 methyl ether, is a diesel fuel and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) substitute.

155 Clean stoves (liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), biogas, and electric) are heralded

156 mass use with clean fuels, such as liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), can help reduce these deaths.

157 mine the impact of a clean cookstove, liquid petroleum gas (LPG), on respiratory outcomes.

158 (RFO), and 90.8% (88.0%-94.3%) for liquefied petroleum gas (LPG).

159 DS), and we combusted propane as a liquified petroleum gas control fuel.

160 Higher use of liquefied petroleum gas for cooking was associated with lower 5q0

161 try randomized controlled trial of liquefied petroleum gas stoves and fuel among 3,200 households in

162 lar exhaust, gasoline evaporation, liquefied petroleum gas, and air conditioners.

163 Propane, the bulk component of liquid petroleum gas, is an appealing target as it already has

164 A comparison of three energy sectors (petroleum, gas, and electricity) reveals that freshwater

165 pressure water pyrolysis (HPWP) to replicate petroleum generation and expulsion in uplifted onshore b

166 detailed understanding of the role of NA in petroleum generation and oil production processes, refin

167 roviding direct constraints on the timing of petroleum generation and potential source rock intervals

168 natural crude oil seepage to determine when petroleum generation occurred in offshore sedimentary ba

169 opic picture of the heterogeneous process of petroleum generation.

170 ion in the chemical composition of OM during petroleum generation.

171 de few absolute constraints on the timing of petroleum generation.

172 s is one of the most controversial topics in petroleum geochemistry, with several differing hypothese

173 family to go to college and had careers as a petroleum geologist and an academic.

174 at the active BES reactor improved the total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) degradation by ~70% than ope

175 Results show that total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) removal rate almost doubled

176 partly quantified by the diesel range total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPHd) method.

177 rstanding of the DOM with respect to in situ petroleum hydrocarbon biodegradation and microbial sulfa

178 Within 60 days, the total petroleum hydrocarbon content of the polluted soil was r

179 g local populations with catabolic genes for petroleum hydrocarbon degradation.

180 elation to groundwater geochemistry across a petroleum hydrocarbon plume cross-section.

181 queous samples, such as gas condensates from petroleum hydrocarbon samples, has not been reported yet

182 odegradation in attenuating the migration of petroleum hydrocarbon vapors into the indoor environment

183 l communities ultimately control the fate of petroleum hydrocarbons (PHCs) that enter the natural env

184 uded notorious groundwater contaminants like petroleum hydrocarbons (solvents), precursors of endocri

185 Pyrolytic treatment reduced total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) to below regulatory standar

186 Total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) were 18 +/- 0.6 g/kg soil,

187 dardized against known oil volumes and total petroleum hydrocarbons and benzene-toluene-ethylbenzene-

188 The microbial degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons at low temperatures was investiga

189 es may play a key role in BES enhancement of petroleum hydrocarbons biodegradation in soils.

190 nation of total contaminant concentration of petroleum hydrocarbons compounds (PHC), heavy metals and

191 ted how gas-phase O3 interacts with residual petroleum hydrocarbons in soil.

192 y used to investigate the source and fate of petroleum hydrocarbons in the environment based on the p

193 ctly predicted the observed fractionation of petroleum hydrocarbons in the oil slick resulting from e

194 reported from environments contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbons or plastics debris.

195 imarily driven by the availability of liquid petroleum hydrocarbons rather than natural gases.

196 e on biodegradation of essentially insoluble petroleum hydrocarbons that are biodegraded primarily at

197 n for 125 aliphatic, aromatic, and biomarker petroleum hydrocarbons that settled to the deep ocean fl

198 Although petroleum hydrocarbons were detectable, Macondo oil coul

199 mately 5-fold higher reductions in the total petroleum hydrocarbons were observed in the oxic as comp

200 atalyzed biodegradation of the nitrogen-poor petroleum hydrocarbons, emphasizing nitrogen fixation as

201 er (DOM) is quantitatively complemented with petroleum hydrocarbons.

202 pulations that mirrored the evolution of the petroleum hydrocarbons.

203 s) are known to cause undesirable effects in petroleum hydrocracking processes by deactivating the ca

204 usceptible to methanogenic biodegradation in petroleum-impacted anaerobic environments.

205 lkylated-polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in petroleum-impacted sediment and factors of 3-10 for poly

206 xplaining the dynamics of gas-saturated live petroleum in deep water remains a challenge.

207 atial distribution of economically important petroleum in sedimentary basins are primarily controlled

208 selective production of hydrocarbons in the petroleum industry and for selective polymer decompositi

209 ertheless, nanotechnology application in the petroleum industry presents greater challenges to implem

210 t generation of effective green KHIs for the petroleum industry to ensure safe and efficient hydrocar

211 e most important conversion processes in the petroleum industry.

212 and ~28% of present-day, annual natural and petroleum-industry methane emissions, respectively.

213 umed thin-brine wetting layer at the calcite-petroleum interface is observed.

214 The calcite-petroleum interface structure is similar whether or not

215 The majority of global petroleum is in the form of highly viscous heavy oil.

216 sulfur, and oxygen)-containing compounds of petroleum is of key importance when considering industri

217 Petroleum is one of the most precious and complex molecu

218 Coffee, after petroleum, is the most valuable commodity globally in te

219 2)-(80.8 +/- 8.1) muM/day] or its blend with petroleum-JP5 (76.7 +/- 2.4 muM/day).

220 tion of the 600,000-900,000 tons of released petroleum liquid and natural gas became entrapped below

221 tested against available laboratory data on petroleum liquid densities, gas/liquid volume fractions,

222 ed the median initial diameters of simulated petroleum liquid droplets and gas bubbles by 3.2-fold an

223 We modeled the buoyant jet of petroleum liquid droplets, gas bubbles, and entrained se

224 compounds ( approximately 23%) and suspended petroleum liquid microdroplets ( approximately 0.8%).

225 n the synthesis of molecules relevant to the petroleum, materials, agricultural and pharmaceutical in

226 Tracing petroleum migration entails the use of molecular indices

227 capacities of polar molecules during natural petroleum migration.

228 stablished new molecular indices for tracing petroleum migration.

229 dices, are reliable and effective in tracing petroleum migration.

230 ar indices yield incorrect information about petroleum migration.

231 For fast identification of petroleum mixture based on chromatogram fingerprint, a g

232 We find that the emitted petroleum mixture was approximately 29-44% gas and appro

233 parallel measurements using model synthetic petroleum mixtures (consisting of representative compone

234 sities, and gas-liquid-water partitioning of petroleum mixtures with varying pressure, temperature, a

235 istributions in organic reactions, including petroleum modification.

236 NCS treated different forms of petroleum oil (raw and distillate form) with considerabl

237 of calcium carbonate (calcite) with natural petroleum oil, synthetic petroleum analogues, and aqueou

238 te catalysts (e.g. for catalytic cracking of petroleum, partial oxidation of natural gas) depend stro

239 Inoculating petroleum-polluted sediments with E. coli carrying the v

240 6 times larger than Canadian Association of Petroleum Producers (CAPP) estimates for natural gas wel

241 available activity data for 2010 California petroleum production and natural gas production, process

242 Measurement of water in 12 petroleum products along with 3 National Institute of St

243 Petroleum products and essential oils are complex mixtur

244 Flaring, or the combustion of petroleum products into the open atmosphere, is a common

245 il is petroleum-extracted and processed into petroleum products using unconventional means.

246 al materials (UVCBs), including many refined petroleum products, present a major challenge in regulat

247 wever, recent studies have demonstrated that petroleum readily undergoes photooxidation and generates

248 carbonates is a central concept for enhanced petroleum recovery, but a mechanistic understanding of t

249 electrification (40% of miles traveled) the petroleum-reduction benchmark could be satisfied, even w

250 ven scenarios were benchmarked against a 50% petroleum-reduction target and an 80% GHG-reduction targ

251 ites play numerous important roles in modern petroleum refineries and have the potential to advance t

252 os, and La-Ce-Sm ternary diagrams pointed to petroleum refineries as being largely responsible for en

253 tool for estimating the effect of changes in petroleum refineries on LCIA results in the context of p

254 energy use and greenhouse gas emissions from petroleum refineries with a level of detail suitable for

255 ssions arising from nonroutine operations of petroleum refinery fluidized-bed catalytic cracking unit

256 unit flow information were adopted from the Petroleum Refinery Life Cycle Inventory Model (PRELIM ve

257 This study updates the Petroleum Refinery Life Cycle Inventory Model (PRELIM) t

258 A petroleum refinery model, Petroleum Refinery Life-cycle Inventory Model (PRELIM),

259 A petroleum refinery model, Petroleum Refinery Life-cycle

260 ship-breaking, petrochemical plants and the petroleum refinery.

261 on million-metric-ton scale per year during petroleum refining but is rarely employed in organic syn

262 blocks similar to alkenes and aromatics in a petroleum refining complex.

263 lications ranging from water purification to petroleum refining, chemicals production, and carbon cap

264 educes tailpipe emissions and emissions from petroleum refining, transport, and storage, but increase

265 kanes with 18-30 carbon atoms encountered in petroleum refining.

266 Using the example of petroleum related data, it is then visualized according

267 primary IVOCs was observed, suggesting that petroleum-related sources other than on-road diesel vehi

268 robially derived aliphatic hydrocarbons, the petroleum-replica fuels, have emerged as promising alter

269 o vulgaris Hildenborough, cause "souring" of petroleum reservoirs through produced sulfide and precip

270 ree regimes occur at conditions pertinent to petroleum reservoirs.

271 hich ozone gas interacted with the weathered petroleum residuals in soil to generate soluble and biod

272 Petroleum resource development is a significant contribu

273 is paper will help future development of the petroleum resources and kinematics study in the Tarim Ba

274 lic aromatic hydrocarbons as well as complex petroleum samples revealed predominantly molecular ions

275 ty on the one hand misses bulk components of petroleum samples such as alkanes and does not deliver a

276 emonstrated by the analysis of proteomic and petroleum samples, where the integration of IMS and high

277 es a foundation to understand all aspects of petroleum science from colloidal structure and interfaci

278 hina have similar demand associated with the petroleum sector, international freshwater consumption i

279 es both in modeling platform and in the U.S. petroleum sector.

280 microbial communities from three deep seabed petroleum seeps (3 km water depth) in the Eastern Gulf o

281 ives to chemical dispersants for large-scale petroleum spills.

282 is especially important in the aftermath of petroleum spills.

283 We used petroleum substances from four petroleum substance manufacturing streams and evaluated

284 We used petroleum substances from four petroleum substance manuf

285 ion revealed group-specific similarities for petroleum substances.

286 understanding of the temporal evolution of a petroleum system is fundamental to interpreting where hy

287 uctural fragments present in unrefined heavy petroleum, tethered together by short saturated alkyl ch

288 As a new energy source that could replace petroleum, the global reserves of methane hydrate (combu

289 al structure and interfacial interactions to petroleum thermodynamics, enabling a first-principles ap

290 sting results obtained on the remediation of petroleum, this review is an attempt to fill the gap by

291 implications of fuel switching from coal or petroleum to natural gas.

292 nd environmentally preferable alternative to petroleum transportation fuels without considerable impr

293 would potentially reduce raw materials from petroleum, use 84% less energy, reduce emission by 1-6 t

294 oil sands industry, an alternative source of petroleum, uses large quantities of water during process

295 economically viable alternatives to displace petroleum using existing infrastructure.

296 omatic hydrocarbons from refinery pollution, petroleum waste sites, and mobile sources (automobile ex

297 Petroleum well drilling fluids are one of the most signi

298 This finding contrasts with petroleum, which exhibits a varying ratio of territorial

299 the world to reveal distribution patterns of petroleum, which would decrease environmental risks of e

300 mulsion breaking and solvent deasphalting of petroleum, yielding high recovery values (98%) without c