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1                                              pgRNA is a terminally redundant transcript whose synthes
2                                              pgRNA is reverse transcribed by the viral polymerase int
3                                              pgRNA is then reverse transcribed to double-stranded DNA
4                                              pgRNA transcription could inhibit transcription of subge
5 d the possibility that it positively affects pgRNA encapsidation in the cytoplasm.
6 other intermediates including HBV cccDNA and pgRNA by primer extension of their PCR amplification pro
7              This interaction triggers P and pgRNA packaging and protein-primed reverse transcription
8 udies of capsid protein, DNA polymerase, and pgRNA between HBV and WHV suggest that HBV capsid protei
9 wn to be dispensable for protein priming and pgRNA binding, respectively.
10 RNAs; (vii) the vast majority of rd-RNAs and pgRNA were associated with HBV virions but not with unen
11 for virions with immature genomes (ssDNA and pgRNA) to be secreted in addition to dsDNA virions.IMPOR
12  sequence requirements for Hepsilon binding, pgRNA packaging, and protein priming allowed the classif
13 of the 3' region because isolation of capsid pgRNA by an alternative method that did not involve nucl
14  and reveal that the 3' truncation of capsid pgRNA is catalyzed by cellular ribonuclease(s) and viral
15  experiments show that the 3' ends of capsid pgRNA isolated by micrococcal nuclease treatment are het
16                           Analysis of capsid pgRNA isolated by using an established method involving
17 de evidence that the 3' region of the capsid pgRNA has biochemical properties different from those of
18 ts indicate that the 3' region of the capsid pgRNA is susceptible to micrococcal nuclease digestion d
19 on can still be underrepresented when capsid pgRNA is isolated without nuclease digestion.
20              In the cell, capsids containing pgRNA, single-stranded DNA (ssDNA), and dsDNA are presen
21 ions; "immature" NCs, i.e., those containing pgRNA or immature reverse transcription intermediates, a
22  of methyltransferases (METTL3/14) decreased pgRNA and viral DNA levels within the core particles.
23                                  We detected pgRNA virions in Huh7 and HepG2 cell lines, indicating t
24 y decreased levels of intracellular HBV DNA, pgRNA, capsids, and extracellular HBeAg.
25  between the various viral components during pgRNA encapsidation.
26 es (nt) 438 and 720 contributed to efficient pgRNA encapsidation, while the sequence between nt 538 a
27 ducing the level of cytoplasmic encapsidated pgRNA in a helicase-dependent manner.
28              Full protection of encapsidated pgRNA from nuclease was observed for HBcAg 1-171.
29 tervening sequence and region II facilitates pgRNA encapsidation.
30 capsid assembly although it is essential for pgRNA packaging.
31 and the capsid subunit (C) are necessary for pgRNA encapsidation.
32 Subsequently, the TP domain is necessary for pgRNA packaging into viral nucleocapsids and the initiat
33 nown requirement of core phosphorylation for pgRNA packaging and DNA synthesis, suggest that the NC u
34                         Crucial residues for pgRNA packaging are contained within aa 141 to 160, indi
35 on, which serves as the packaging signal for pgRNA encapsidation.
36 t core protein has intrinsic specificity for pgRNA, independent of the polymerase.
37 raction was necessary but not sufficient for pgRNA packaging.
38  virus (DHBV), a spliced RNA is derived from pgRNA by removal of a single intron.
39 HBV RNA and HBcrAg were measured (Abbott HBV pgRNA Research Assay and Fujirebio Lumipulse Immunoassay
40    Inhibition of Hsp90 led to diminished HBV pgRNA packaging into nucleocapsids in cells, which depen
41 ally via accelerating the degradation of HBV pgRNA independent of La protein.
42  the m(6)A modification at 5' epsilon of HBV pgRNA promoted the interaction with core proteins, where
43 s not involved in the polyadenylation of HBV pgRNA.
44 170-nucleotide region from the 5' end of HBV pgRNA; a large portion of this region is duplicated at t
45 enesis and clinical application of serum HBV pgRNA have been a research hotspot in recent years.
46 ilon (epsilon) structural element of the HBV pgRNA in the nucleocapsid assembly.
47                      IMPORTANCE Hepadnaviral pgRNA not only serves as a template for reverse transcri
48                            More importantly, pgRNA virions were detected when dsDNA virions were synt
49 iophysical chemistry of Cp caused defects in pgRNA packaging and synthesis of the second strand of DN
50 er, all of these mutations led to defects in pgRNA packaging.
51 her viral components in order to function in pgRNA encapsidation.
52                          Cells with inactive pgRNA transcription were enriched from 0% (HB1) to 14.3%
53 enotype G with genotype A sequence increased pgRNA transcription and genome replication, implicating
54 roduction revealed the ability of the 3.5-kb pgRNA to diminish transcription of coterminal RNAs of 2.
55 one encapsidated a nuclease-sensitive 3.5-kb pgRNA while the other encapsidated a nuclease-resistant
56 he IRSE, as IRSE-mutant HBV transcribed less pgRNA and could not be repressed by IFN-alpha treatment.
57  has a low replication capacity due to a low pgRNA level.
58  core-associated HBV DNA; and (iii) very low pgRNA, total HBV RNA, rd-RNAs, and core-associated HBV D
59                Upper cccDNA range and median pgRNA decreased from HB1 to HB5 (P < .05 for both).
60 , and core-associated HBV DNA; (ii) moderate pgRNA, high total HBV RNA, rd-RNAs, and cccDNA, but very
61 cludes the splicing machinery from modifying pgRNA.
62 s, whereas the 5' epsilon m(6)A site-mutated pgRNA failed to interact.
63                               Neither Cp nor pgRNA localized to the mitochondria during active replic
64 cient for capsid assembly, in the absence of pgRNA or any other viral or host factors, under conditio
65 ted base pairing reduced the accumulation of pgRNA and increased the accumulation of spliced RNA.
66 e activity of HBV enhancer and the amount of pgRNA transcribed from cccDNA) were significantly higher
67                                The amount of pgRNA transcribed per cccDNA also decreased from HB1 to
68 r events that either inhibit the assembly of pgRNA-containing capsids or accelerate their degradation
69 ate capsid assembly and the encapsidation of pgRNA and viral polymerase by HBV core protein is a clin
70             One region is near the 5' end of pgRNA (region A), while the second is near the middle of
71 silon to an acceptor site near the 3' end of pgRNA and synthesis of a complete minus-strand DNA.
72 dation: epsilon, which is near the 5' end of pgRNA, and region II, located near the middle of pgRNA.
73 sidation signal (epsilon) near the 5' end of pgRNA; and (ii) a template switch of the four-nucleotide
74 nprotected terminus, which is independent of pgRNA length and the 3' terminal sequence.
75 ions of the DHBV genome reduced the level of pgRNA while increasing the level of spliced RNA.
76 ound that HBV CpF97L secretes high levels of pgRNA-containing virions compared to wild-type (WT) HBV
77  provides new insights into the mechanism of pgRNA encapsidation and reverse transcription, as well a
78 n A), while the second is near the middle of pgRNA (region B).
79 A, and region II, located near the middle of pgRNA.
80  which is required for specific packaging of pgRNA into viral nucleocapsids and initiation of viral r
81  which is required for specific packaging of pgRNA into viral nucleocapsids and initiation of viral r
82 boundary between the encapsidated portion of pgRNA for reverse transcription and the 3' unprotected t
83  contained within the terminal redundancy of pgRNA, and the 5' copy of this sequence is essential for
84 ysical basis for electrostatic regulation of pgRNA packaging in HBV by using a coarse-grained molecul
85 tant in sequence, resulted in restoration of pgRNA accumulation with a decrease in the level of splic
86             We propose that this topology of pgRNA facilitates first-strand template switch and/or th
87 ignal, termed epsilon (Hepsilon), located on pgRNA, which is required for specific packaging of pgRNA
88  signal termed epsilon (Hepsilon) located on pgRNA, which is required for specific packaging of pgRNA
89 ) indicated that two cis-acting sequences on pgRNA are required for encapsidation: epsilon, which is
90 elf as a protein primer and an RNA signal on pgRNA, termed epsilon (Hepsilon), as the obligatory temp
91 ed in order to study the replication of only pgRNA.
92  have shown to be essential for P binding, P-pgRNA packaging, protein-priming, and DNA synthesis.
93 the treatment of cells starting at 48 h post-pgRNA transfection allows the assessment of antiviral ag
94 able sequentially at 3, 6, 12, and 24 h post-pgRNA transfection into Huh7.5 cells.
95 ynchronized HBV replication within 48 h post-pgRNA transfection is particularly suitable for the prec
96 diates and cccDNA peaked at 24 and 48 h post-pgRNA transfection, respectively.
97                                     Low preC/pgRNA level in telbivudine-treated samples was associate
98 valuated by quantifying 3.5 kB HBV RNA (preC/pgRNA) and by assessing cccDNA-associated histone tails
99 s reverse transcription of an RNA pregenome (pgRNA) by a multifunctional polymerase (HP).
100 lls: (i) very low levels of pre-genomic RNA (pgRNA), total HBV RNA, replication-derived RNAs (rd-RNAs
101 ocated at the 5'-end of the pre-genomic RNA (pgRNA).
102 t is based on a lentiviral paired-guide RNA (pgRNA) library.
103 repress the production of HBV pregenome RNA (pgRNA) and total RNA as well as HBV replication, suggest
104  addition to packaging viral pregenomic RNA (pgRNA) and DNA polymerase complex into nucleocapsids for
105 rmed to measure encapsidated pregenomic RNA (pgRNA) and minus-strand DNA synthesized in cell culture.
106 tein (Cp) packages the viral pregenomic RNA (pgRNA) and polymerase to form the HBV core.
107 reasing the transcription of pregenomic RNA (pgRNA) and subgenomic RNA from the HBV covalently closed
108 ly encapsidates a complex of pregenomic RNA (pgRNA) and viral polymerase; it has been suggested that
109 ns (Cps) assemble around the pregenomic RNA (pgRNA) and viral reverse transcriptase (P).
110 ging signal, epsilon) on the pregenomic RNA (pgRNA) by the viral reverse transcriptase (RT).
111 h reverse transcription of a pregenomic RNA (pgRNA) by using a multifunctional polymerase (HP).
112 h reverse transcription of a pregenomic RNA (pgRNA) by using a multifunctional polymerase (HP).
113 ponsive element (ZRE) of HBV pregenomic RNA (pgRNA) contains a stem-loop structure, specifically epsi
114 sactivator, while the 3.5-kb pregenomic RNA (pgRNA) drives core and P protein translation as well as
115 s of hepatitis B virus (HBV) pregenomic RNA (pgRNA) harbors sites governing many essential functions
116 ure), quantifying cccDNA and pregenomic RNA (pgRNA) in each cell using droplet digital polymerase cha
117  (Cp), polymerase (Pol), and pregenomic RNA (pgRNA) in infected cells.
118    Packaging of hepadnavirus pregenomic RNA (pgRNA) into capsids, or encapsidation, requires several
119 begins with packaging of the pregenomic RNA (pgRNA) into immature nucleocapsids (NC), which are conve
120  cis-acting sequences on the pregenomic RNA (pgRNA) involved in the synthesis of minus-strand DNA.
121                          The pregenomic RNA (pgRNA) of hepadnaviruses is packaged into capsids where
122                          The pregenomic RNA (pgRNA) of hepatitis B virus (HBV) serves as the messenge
123 fects on capsid assembly and pregenomic RNA (pgRNA) packaging but impaired the integrity of mature nu
124 ction with those for in vivo pregenomic RNA (pgRNA) packaging clearly indicated that RT-epsilon inter
125                              Pregenomic RNA (pgRNA) plays two major roles in the hepadnavirus life cy
126 owed that HNF6 reduced viral pregenomic RNA (pgRNA) posttranscriptionally via accelerating the degrad
127 opies in and adjacent to the pregenomic RNA (pgRNA) terminal redundancy, that were specifically recog
128  polyadenylation signal; (v) pregenomic RNA (pgRNA) was the major component of the pool of serum RNAs
129 f an RNA intermediate termed pregenomic RNA (pgRNA) within core particles in the cytoplasm.
130 ficient encapsidation of its pregenomic RNA (pgRNA), epsilon and region II.
131  of an RNA intermediate, the pregenomic RNA (pgRNA), in the viral capsid within an infected cell.
132    In addition to the 3.5-kb pregenomic RNA (pgRNA), the mutant preferentially encapsidated the 2.2-k
133 ranscription gives rise to a pregenomic RNA (pgRNA), which serves as a template for reverse transcrip
134  an RNA intermediate, termed pregenomic RNA (pgRNA), within nucleocapsid.
135  the pool of cytoplasmic HBV pregenomic RNA (pgRNA)-containing capsids is reduced 10-fold within 9 h
136 tly inhibit the formation of pregenomic RNA (pgRNA)-containing nucleocapsids of HBV but not other ani
137 fically binding to the viral pregenomic RNA (pgRNA).
138 a reverse transcription of a pregenomic RNA (pgRNA).
139 psid that packages the viral pregenomic RNA (pgRNA).
140 ntribute to encapsidation of pregenomic RNA (pgRNA).
141 f an RNA intermediate termed pregenomic RNA (pgRNA).
142 e (C) ORF on the bicistronic pregenomic RNA (pgRNA).
143 ugh an RNA intermediate (the pregenomic RNA, pgRNA) by reverse transcription.
144 d whether HBV CpF97L is capable of secreting pgRNA-containing virions as well.
145         Mutagenesis experiments suggest that pgRNA encapsidation hinges on its strong electrostatic i
146 erse transcription within NCs converting the pgRNA into the characteristic dsDNA genome.
147                    As demonstrated here, the pgRNA launch HBV replication system permits the accurate
148                                Moreover, the pgRNA launch system could be used to readily assess the
149 HBV replication begins with packaging of the pgRNA and P protein into core protein particles, followe
150 rated reduced levels of the 3' region of the pgRNA compared to the 5' region.
151          We found that large portions of the pgRNA could be deleted or substituted without an appreci
152 % of scanning ribosomes at the 5' end of the pgRNA greatly inhibited C and P synthesis.
153 al assembly begins with the packaging of the pgRNA into nucleocapsids (NCs), with subsequent reverse
154 DNA synthesized, indicating that most of the pgRNA is dispensable and that a specific size of the pgR
155               Possibly, the 3' region of the pgRNA is not packaged into the interior of the capsid bu
156  dispensable and that a specific size of the pgRNA is not required for this process.
157 istent with a model in which splicing of the pgRNA is suppressed by a secondary structure between reg
158 tween the 3' region and other regions of the pgRNA isolated from capsids.
159 sequence, which is located downstream of the pgRNA polyadenylation site, overlaps the core (C) protei
160 uctural element located in the 5' end of the pgRNA primes the RT activity.
161 d from a donor region near the 5' end of the pgRNA to an acceptor site at or near the P AUG, and the
162 n and region II disrupted the ability of the pgRNA to be encapsidated efficiently.
163  reverse transcription for conversion of the pgRNA to viral DNA.
164                           Translation of the pgRNA was found to be cap dependent, because inserting a
165 lon, an RNA stem-loop near the 5' end of the pgRNA, has been characterized in detail, while region II
166 hile region II, located in the middle of the pgRNA, is not as well defined.
167 ing sequences present near the 3' end of the pgRNA, was introduced at that location.
168 A are present near the 5' and 3' ends of the pgRNA.
169 ed C and P translation in the context of the pgRNA.
170 ly studied function of Pol is to package the pgRNA and reverse transcribe it to double-stranded DNA w
171                          Our high-throughput pgRNA genome deletion method will enable rapid identific
172 DX17 competes with HBV polymerase to bind to pgRNA at the 5' epsilon motif.
173  various viral components that contribute to pgRNA encapsidation.
174 TD increase the proportion of spliced RNA to pgRNA that are encapsidated and reverse transcribed.
175 wn that transfection of in vitro-transcribed pgRNA initiated viral replication in human hepatoma cell
176 neous cytoplasmic accumulation of unspliced (pgRNA) and spliced RNA was not known.
177 plasmic expression of duck hepatitis B virus pgRNA initiated viral replication leading to infectious
178 ons while only small amounts of capsids with pgRNA and ssDNA (referred to as immature genomes) are en
179  factor against HBV through interfering with pgRNA encapsidation.

 
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