ライフサイエンスコーパス: phosphate group

1 de lipid tail linked to the glycan through a phosphate group.

2 pKa of the oxygen nucleophile attacking the phosphate group.

3 l group, and the presence or absence of a 5'-phosphate group.

4 two specific orientations of the bridging 3'-phosphate group.

5 ater proton is transferred to the downstream phosphate group.

6 interactions depends on the structure of the phosphate group.

7 n downstream modifications to the lipid A 4'-phosphate group.

8 galactosamine (GalN) residue linked to its 1-phosphate group.

9 also anchored to the PLP via H-bonds to its phosphate group.

10 independent of the structure of the cofactor phosphate group.

11 m a contact ion pair with the nearby anionic phosphate group.

12 tem, the Na(+) ions are localized around the phosphate group.

13 xtra OH capable of forming a H-bond with the phosphate group.

14 roxyl group but not with RNA possessing a 3'-phosphate group.

15 n water molecules mainly associated with the phosphate group.

16 e group, or a positive headgroup without the phosphate group.

17 t provides a binding motif for the dianionic phosphate group.

18 midine, underlining the critical role of the phosphate group.

19 aining neutral nucleotides with a methylated phosphate group.

20 hich converts the cyclic phosphate into a 3' phosphate group.

21 n excess of up to three positive charges per phosphate group.

22 y charged amino acids and negatively charged phosphate groups.

23 the accessibility of bulky PIs with multiple phosphate groups.

24 amples contain uncapped RNAs with exposed 5' phosphate groups.

25 ons of Mg(2+) with two or more nonsequential phosphate groups.

26 tatic/hydrogen bond contacts with quadruplex phosphate groups.

27 blets or triplets according to the number of phosphate groups.

28 reventing complete neutralization of the RNA phosphate groups.

29 ar valence angles and in the geometry of the phosphate groups.

30 in native DNA substrates containing scissile phosphate groups.

31 site as deduced from frequency shifts of the phosphate groups.

32 salt bridges with acidic residues and lipid phosphate groups.

33 chemical shifts of the three major reactive phosphate groups.

34 hydrated by interactions with additional RNA phosphate groups.

35 d to lysines that directly interact with DNA phosphate groups.

36 -4-deoxy-arabinose residues at both terminal phosphate groups.

37 ed in receptor activation interacts with the phosphate groups.

38 nt headgroup orientation for the interacting phosphate groups.

39 f long chains of covalently linked inorganic phosphate groups.

40 activation that (1) directly contact the 5'-phosphate group, (2) participate in a hydrophobic cluste

41 fferent between magnesium citrate and sodium phosphate groups (790 HU +/- 216 vs 978 HU +/- 160; P <.

42 ond is specific to the presence of a primary phosphate group, acts only through the intracellular mem

43 surface for the intense interaction with the phosphate group, allowing a "label-free" determination t

44 The cluster extends from the backbone phosphate groups along the mouth of the groove and links

45 duce translocation, EF-G*GDP in complex with phosphate group analogs BeF3(-) and AlF4(-) promotes the

46 3% (95% CI, 64.0% to 74.2%) in the tedizolid phosphate group and 71.9% (95% CI, 66.8% to 76.7%) in th

47 % to 83.7%) of 332 patients in the tedizolid phosphate group and 79.4% (95% CI, 74.7% to 83.6%) of 33

48 5% (95% CI, 81.3% to 89.1%) in the tedizolid phosphate group and 86.0% (95% CI, 81.8% to 89.5%) in th

49 gh electrostatic interactions with the A2662 phosphate group and H-bond networks are key features of

50 27 of 708) of colonic segments in the sodium phosphate group and in 88.1% (608 of 690) in the magnesi

51 n of an oxoanion functional group, usually a phosphate group and less commonly a sulfate group, leads

52 ate by a distinct kinase to create a docking phosphate group and scaffold protein-mediated protein co

53 consistent with titration of the cofactor's phosphate group and support a model in which the major d

54 he two terminal oxygen atoms of the catalyst phosphate group and the hydrogen atoms at N and C2 of th

55 d, where one binding site interacts with the phosphate group and the other interacts with the dye.

56 e strongly dependent on the chirality at the phosphate group and the position of the methyl-group(s)

57 re, we show that DUSP11 modulates the 5' end phosphate group and/or steady-state level of several hos

58 ntains polar residues that interact with the phosphate groups and an aromatic patch that appears sele

59 s a disaccharide headgroup with two negative phosphate groups and at least four acyl chains.

60 lar nucleotides increased with the number of phosphate groups and ATP was the most effective cellular

61 d shed new light into coordinated motions of phosphate groups and bases in free B-DNA in solution.

62 can be grouped on the basis of the number of phosphate groups and basic residues in each peptide.

63 the interaction of anion exchanger with the phosphate groups and eluted at the pH of 7.5.

64 was clearly shown to ensure the existence of phosphate groups and nitrogen-containing ring structures

65 charged lysine and arginine residues and DNA phosphate groups and other binding sites in the minor an

66 ting that activation requires three adjacent phosphate groups and that other positions on the inosito

67 c IP(3), the relative roles of the different phosphate groups and the adenosine motif have not been e

68 The phosphate groups and the carbon and oxygen atoms of the

69 e regions with high coordination between the phosphate groups and the divalent cations are discernibl

70 n interesting interactions between the RNA's phosphate groups and the Pi electrons of the peptide bon

71 effectively neutralize the charge of the DNA phosphate groups and the resulting influence on the DNA

72 the binding sites of the purine base, the 5'-phosphate group, and pyrophosphate.

73 gs showed absorption bands characteristic of phosphate groups, and EDX showed that the Ca/P ratios we

74 accumulation of lipid A species lacking both phosphate groups, and introduction of RlLpxQ generates p

75 arginine residues and the negatively charged phosphate groups, and thus the resulting charge neutrali

76 our oxygen-16 atoms attached to the terminal phosphate group are substituted with oxygen-18 [gamma((1

77 nd in soft source conditions, the protonated phosphate groups are fully back-exchanged in the source,

78 r the reducing end of the molecule where the phosphate groups are located.

79 ve to the guanidinium group spacing when the phosphate groups are near close packing.

80 functional groups such as carbohydrates and phosphate groups are normally elaborated by the post-tra

81 However, peptides with one or two phosphate groups are not separated from peptides with mu

82 ative b and y ions which preserve the labile phosphate groups are observed in the negative ion mode,

83 Molecular subcomponents such as phosphate groups are often passed between biomolecules d

84 However, recent work has shown that up to 4 phosphate groups are present in human cMyBP-C.

85 tional oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) synthesis, phosphate groups are protected with the 2-cyanoethyl gro

86 N' are A or U and where the Palpha or Pbeta phosphate groups are replaced by boranophosphate, denote

87 ween the primary amine of 5-HT and the lipid phosphate group as the most important interaction.

88 '-OMe substituent and the vicinal 5'- and 3'-phosphate group, as seen in the X-ray crystal structure

89 cifically interacts with the phospho-Thr-231 phosphate group, as well as a long, disulfide-constraine

90 LpiR1 binds the phosphate group at a conserved site and is stabilized by

91 NA oligonucleotide containing a 2',3'-cyclic phosphate group at its 3' terminus.

92 Removal of the phosphate group at T29 by an incoming phosphatase releas

93 , generated by annealing P oligo (carrying a phosphate group at the 5' end) and T oligo (carrying a T

94 hosphoethanolamine (P-Etn) instead of a free phosphate group at the C-1 position of the lipid A backb

95 The 5'-phosphate group at the nick is essential for loading, su

96 t it is the RepD covalently linked to the 5'-phosphate group at the nick that loads the helicase onto

97 trand joining in DNA substrates containing a phosphate group at the scissile position.

98 Intriguingly, PGH binds to NadA with its phosphate group at the site where the carboxylate groups

99 ysine side-chain NH3(+) amino groups and DNA phosphate groups at the molecular interface of the HoxD9

100 thetic marbox in vitro was enhanced when the phosphate group between positions 12 and 13 was eliminat

101 ons of the amino acid at position 89 and the phosphate group between positions 12 and 13.

102 ith phosphate mimic and three compounds with phosphate groups binding to BRCT to understand promiscuo

103 e, Lys(185) This residue interacted with the phosphate group bridging the third and fourth nucleotide

104 tiating nucleophilic attack on the ATP gamma-phosphate group by abstracting the proton from the 3'-hy

105 ostatic repulsion between negatively charged phosphate groups by counterion recruitment.

106 tein, and a specific coordination of the DNA phosphate groups by positively charged residues.

107 ood platelets contain 60-100-mer polymers of phosphate groups called polyphosphate, and when activate

108 uctures of CDK2 bound to ADP showing how the phosphate groups can be coordinated by either one or two

109 peptide fragmentation and the loss of labile phosphate groups complicate identification of the site o

110 Investigation of another phosphate group containing compound, C1, suggested that

111 Phosphate groups contribute to solution charge by adding

112 f Tyr83 suggests that the negatively charged phosphate group could enhance the binding of positively

113 ps (CPe) and anionic iPC lipids nonethylated phosphate groups (CP) were synthesized.

114 Neutral iPC lipids with ethylated phosphate groups (CPe) and anionic iPC lipids nonethylat

115 We found that the 1- and 4'-lipid A phosphate groups critical in TLR4/MD2 signaling become s

116 PEP) to the re side of C1(A5P), with the PEP phosphate group deprotonated, has the lowest energy barr

117 f biotin, providing strong evidence that the phosphate group, derived from decomposition of carboxyph

118 dylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate that have three phosphate groups did not support TRPA1 activation.

119 g that the replacement of the hydrolyzable 5-phosphate group does not compromise the binding.

120 phate moiety of ImmHP is dianionic, and this phosphate group exists in two different conformations wi

121 ansfer from the 2'-hydroxyl to the departing phosphate group facilitates cleavage.

122 lashes with the 5'-G*) and the less bulky 5'-phosphate group forms a H-bond to HN-Pt (indicating that

123 transferase that in vivo transfers a ribitol phosphate group from a CDP -ribitol present in muscles t

124 ymes catalyses the transfer of a substituted phosphate group from a CDP-linked donor to an alcohol ac

125 ytic mechanism that irreversibly removes the phosphate group from a phosphorylated threonine via beta

126 drogelation resulted from the removal of the phosphate group from a tyrosine phosphate residue.

127 their basic function (i.e. the transfer of a phosphate group from the HK to its RR partner) is simple

128 omicron mutants that fail to remove a single phosphate group from their LPS were displaced from the m

129 The phosphatase laforin removes phosphate groups from glycogen during biosynthetic activ

130 xperimental conditions to follow the flow of phosphate groups from histidine kinases to the cognate r

131 e activity and the ability of CpxR to accept phosphate groups from other donors.

132 g Coulombic interactions with two contiguous phosphate groups from the DNA backbone while the lipophi

133 NDK enzymes reversibly transfer phosphate groups from tri- to diphosphate nucleosides.

134 alkaline phosphatase (TNSALP), which removes phosphate groups from various substrates.

135 In both ALSE and RPE, the phosphate group hydrogen bonds not only with the conserv

136 sine has a direct role independent of the 2'-phosphate group in contributing toward the potency of ad

137 (31)P NMR reveals an orientation of the phosphate group in DOBMP that differs significantly from

138 f P148 (dephoso-P148) showed that the single phosphate group in P148 was responsible for the profound

139 e chain of K219, which coordinates the alpha-phosphate group in previous ground state structures, is

140 mide group as a nonhydrolyzable mimic of the phosphate group in the cognate Ub/Ubl-AMP adenylate inte

141 ions that are chelated by a common bridging phosphate group in the form Mg((a))(2+)-(O1P-P-O2P)-Mg((

142 as consistent with a tetrahedral Zn bound to phosphate groups in a monodentate inner-sphere surface c

143 However, the roles of the two lipid A phosphate groups in bacterial virulence and immunogenici

144 The proportions of sulfonic acid and phosphate groups in both the self-supported disk and mem

145 at a conservative modification of one of the phosphate groups in c-di-GMP with a bridging sulfur in t

146 , including regarding the behavior of facing phosphate groups in complementary dinucleotides, and the

147 iling of mRNA cleavage products retaining 5' phosphate groups in mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs).

148 be amorphous calcium phosphate precipitates, phosphate groups in polyphosphate that formed direct bon

149 neral surface as inner-sphere complexes, and phosphate groups in polyphosphate that were not directly

150 il and investigated the selective binding to phosphate groups in solution.

151 dictated by the number and positions of the phosphate groups in the inositol ring (with seven differ

152 nd PI(4,5)P(2) the charges of the individual phosphate groups in the molecule differ, they are equal

153 t attract sulfate anions, as a simulation of phosphate groups in the product BPG.

154 activity of this inhibitor by converting the phosphate group into a less charged phosphate prodrug.

155 beta-methylene and extension of the terminal phosphate group into gamma-esters of UTP analogues.

156 In particular, the 5 phosphate group is a recognition element for L4 and is c

157 ctroscopy demonstrated that the undecaprenyl phosphate group is attached to the anomeric carbon of th

158 g(2+) and 5'-PO4 DNA, wherein the product 5' phosphate group is displaced by the NTP gamma phosphate

159 rform surprisingly well, indicating that the phosphate group is not essential.

160 he effect on beta-hairpin structure when the phosphate group is positioned to interact with a tryptop

161 a model in which the IBE provided by the 5'-phosphate group is used to allow interactions both near

162 d phosphoehthanolamine (pEtN) at the lipid A phosphate groups, is often induced in response to specif

163 hate (polyP) is composed of linear chains of phosphate groups linked by high-energy phosphoanhydride

164 Carbohydrate moieties or phosphate groups linked to Hs11S were not detected.

165 Tides, monophosphorylated acyclovir with the phosphate group masked by lipophilic groups to allow eff

166 latively high degree of solvation around the phosphate groups may contribute to the preservation of t

167 the Mn(II) ions are bound to histidines and phosphate groups, mostly from fructose-1,6-bisphosphate

168 ntroduced in each repeating unit to make all phosphate groups MS/MS silent.

169 idence that the negative charge of the A2662 phosphate group must be retained for uncompromised activ

170 mycin P inside the cap domain positioned the phosphate group next to a Mg(2+) ion present at the junc

171 cts with non-bridging oxygen atoms from each phosphate group of ATP and three water molecules than oc

172 same binding site for the 3'- and 2'-ribose phosphate group of CoA and NADP(+), respectively, but a

173 ively, with a thymine in the minor groove, a phosphate group of DNA backbone, or 5caC in the major gr

174 diester bond through transfer of LEEs to the phosphate group of DNA oligomers from the nucleobases.

175 nds that correspond to the vibrations of the phosphate group of DNA.

176 ntation, anchored by hydrogen bonding to the phosphate group of lipids in a manner analogous to chole

177 no acid residues responsible for binding the phosphate group of NADP(+) were identified.

178 The intrinsic binding energies of the 5'-phosphate group of orotidine 5'-monophosphate for the mu

179 by the formation of salt bridges between the phosphate group of PEP and the side chains of Lys(340) a

180 s of Crb2 serine-548 and lysine-619 with the phosphate group of phospho-H2A (gamma-H2A) are critical

181 n nanodots was identified through binding to phosphate group of phospho-tyrosine via computational ca

182 as well as modeling studies reveal that the phosphate group of pTyr99 imposes extensive steric clash

183 Instead, the phosphate group of S10 seems to form a persistent intram

184 favorable intramolecular interactions of the phosphate group of Ser-133 with the charged groups of an

185 alpha-/beta-tubulins and interacts with the phosphate group of the alpha-tubulin-bound GTP.

186 mplex is independent of the structure of the phosphate group of the cofactor bound to the helicase.

187 ase become sensitive to the structure of the phosphate group of the cofactor.

188 sting a similar mode of interaction with the phosphate group of the ligand.

189 tionally contains GMPs bound to the terminal phosphate group of the MPTs (bis-MGD).

190 c transition depends on the structure of the phosphate group of the nucleotide.

191 leic acid, depending on the structure of the phosphate group of the present nucleotide cofactor and p

192 thermautotrophicus, we find the "remote" 5'-phosphate group of the substrate activates the enzyme 2.

193 pocket that specifically accommodates the D4 phosphate group of the substrate.

194 the P-loop, that normally interacts with the phosphate groups of ATP but is folded over a substructur

195 catalyzed by NS4B indicate that the terminal phosphate groups of ATP, GTP, and GDP are removed to pro

196 eas the coordination of Co(2+) ions with the phosphate groups of DNA and nucleotides statically quenc

197 of a complex between the negatively charged phosphate groups of DNA and the positively charged headg

198 tic IR absorption bands of all the bases and phosphate groups of DNA.

199 C2-DBD all make additional contacts with the phosphate groups of DNA.

200 This counters the notion that the phosphate groups of GTP are fully deprotonated at the st

201 determine the roles of the 1-, 3-, 5-, and 6-phosphate groups of inositol 1,3,4,5,6-pentakisphosphate

202 hydrogen bonding between the first and fifth phosphate groups of IP(3).

203 tral aminoarabinose moiety onto the negative phosphate groups of lipid A, reducing the surface charge

204 acids, arginine (Arg) and lysine (Lys), with phosphate groups of phospholipid heads using quantum mec

205 The dimetal complexes bind specifically the phosphate groups of phospholipids and add an excess of u

206 Oxygen atoms at phosphate groups of phosphopeptide are not exchanged.

207 y ion-pairing between the negatively charged phosphate groups of ssDNA on the surface of the SWCNT an

208 h a positive region suitable for binding the phosphate groups of substrates and an exposed negative r

209 neo-IP(6)) and delta = 6.48 ppm (equatorial phosphate groups of the 2-equatorial/4-axial conformer o

210 NMR signals at delta = 6.67 ppm (equatorial phosphate groups of the 4-equatorial/2-axial conformer o

211 ethyl (DMNPE), located on the four terminal phosphate groups of the duplex RNA.

212 probes could be directly labeled to the free phosphate groups of the hybridized PNA/DNA heteroduplexe

213 its transport to the bacterial surface, the phosphate groups of the lipid A anchor of Escherichia co

214 The two phosphate groups of this 10-membered ring are contribute

215 tyrosine in the active site of TOP1 to a 3' phosphate group on a single-stranded (ss)DNA break.

216 s between the protonated amine of K7 and the phosphate group on S10, further enhancing the dynamic co

217 trast to these findings, P148, with a single phosphate group on serine 16, was found to inhibit calci

218 The phosphate group on the 1,2,9,9a-tetrahydrocyclopropa[c]b

219 emplated primer extension and relies on a 5'-phosphate group on the distal gap strand end to confer a

220 we have determined that the presence of the phosphate group on the Kdo residue is necessary for seco

221 3'-hydroxyl on one side of the gap, and a 5'-phosphate group on the other, for the polymerase and lig

222 In the structure of pY53-actin, the phosphate group on Tyr-53 makes hydrogen-bonding interac

223 gand molecules that specifically bind to the phosphate groups on any phosphoproteins.

224 by enzymatic removal of terminal sialic and phosphate groups on negatively charged glycans.

225 A novel method is reported to modify the phosphate groups on phosphoserine peptides to the corres

226 of the Rev1 BRCT domain is not to recognize phosphate groups on protein binding partners or on DNA.

227 d a Zn(II)-dipicolylamine complex that binds phosphate groups on proteins.

228 The precise placement and removal of phosphate groups on specific residues of the CTD are cri

229 lized by divalent cation cross-links between phosphate groups on the core oligosaccharide regions.

230 inding affinity correlate with the number of phosphate groups on the inositol ring, with phosphate po

231 ptides, or by the loss of negatively charged phosphate groups on the LPS molecule, this information i

232 istics of these conformations is the exposed phosphate groups on the periphery, which possibly could

233 rmed in modern biochemistry (but without the phosphate groups on the sugars).

234 in kinases (EPKs) catalyze the transfer of a phosphate group onto another protein in response to appr

235 Modeling a phosphate group onto the side-chain hydroxyl oxygen of T

236 better than the polymer containing either a phosphate group or a sulfonic acid group in terms of (i)

237 lar dynamics indicate that introduction of a phosphate group or phosphomimetic at position 26 diminis

238 roup that is composed only from the negative phosphate group, or a positive headgroup without the pho

239 Wild-type alphas1-casein has 6 to 8 phosphate groups (P) while the internally deleted form 6

240 enables elucidation of the minimum number of phosphate groups per copolymer chain required to promote

241 e measured for phospholipids with an exposed phosphate group: phosphatidic acid, ceramide-1-phosphate

242 2 (a metal coordinating ligand) and the oxoG phosphate group (PO4) interfere with the hydrogen bondin

243 in the gamma subunit, with their respective phosphate groups positioned near function-impairing muta

244 tion, near 1100 cm(-1), from the nonbridging phosphate groups, probes the effect of Mg(2+)-hydrate in

245 The conclusion that the IBE of the 5'-phosphate group provides stabilization to both the E(c).

246 d scission is then facilitated by a backbone phosphate group proximal to the alkylated base.

247 and Ser87 could be the key residues for the phosphate group recognition.

248 Binding of calcium cations to the lipid phosphate group reduces ordering of the water molecules.

249 cyclic changes in the length of dsDNA as the phosphate groups respond to the protein's electrostatic

250 The actual impact of adding and removing phosphate group(s) is 3-fold: changes in the local/globa

251 Removal of both phosphate groups severely attenuated the mutants when ad

252 As a result, the 4-phosphate group shows a significantly lower charge at pH

253 ensive hydrogen bonding with water and lipid phosphate groups (snorkeling) and by partial unfolding.

254 Instead, the phosphate groups sterically blocked the ligand-binding g

255 d by other macromolecules containing diverse phosphate groups, such as phospholipids and phosphorylat

256 c mitochondria with four acyl chains and two phosphate groups that have been implicated in numerous f

257 icial binding peak) or two oxygen atoms from phosphate groups (the most internal peak).

258 egrate the rigid base plane and the backbone phosphate group, the two nucleic acid components most re

259 surface is covered by phospholipids, having phosphate groups, therefore lipoproteins are enriched by

260 to double-stranded nucleic acids via the 5' phosphate group these fluorophores stack onto the ends o

261 ith all the base pairs of DNA (A-T; G-C) and phosphate group through hydrogen bond (H-bond) interacti

262 gnaling requires hydrolysis of inositol ring phosphate groups through the actions of PtdIns(3,4,5)P3

263 nucleotide salvage pathway by transferring a phosphate group to a thymidine molecule.

264 y introducing aliphatic ester arms into each phosphate group to act as lipid anchors that promote mem

265 ecting the sulfonate anion and a substrate's phosphate group to form the branched propargyl addition

266 We demonstrated that P1 Doc added a single phosphate group to the essential translation elongation

267 The kinase LpxT, for example, adds a phosphate group to the lipid A moiety of some Gram-negat

268 the contribution of the different inositide phosphate groups to catalysis, these structures provide

269 Through the covalent addition of phosphate groups to certain amino-acids, the interaction

270 ain lacking acetyl-phosphate that can donate phosphate groups to OmpR.

271 t-translational modifications (PTMs) such as phosphate groups underlie a majority of human diseases.

272 C-1 phosphate and installation of the cyclic phosphate group using an achiral phosphorus(III) reagent

273 igands that imitate either a phosphoryl or a phosphate group was 357 at the end of 2016.

274 Additionally, the localization of the phosphate group was determined.

275 , the oxygen-to-sulfur substitution in a DNA phosphate group was found to enhance the mobility of the

276 n amino acid residue (valine or lysine) or a phosphate group was introduced on the thiazolium side ch

277 ted peptides, very little loss of the labile phosphate groups was observed.

278 residue (either an additional Kdo sugar or a phosphate group) was also found to be critical for secon

279 which was covalently attached at a specific phosphate group, was scanned consecutively through the D

280 ral methylphosphonate groups for anionic DNA phosphate groups weakened nonspecific DNA binding affini

281 etermined that both the bromine atom and the phosphate group were successfully substituted by means o

282 The vibrational and rotational modes of phosphate groups were analyzed with Raman microscopy.

283 When phosphate groups were globally reduced using nonspecific

284 ant for IP binding to IPK1, and the 1- and 3-phosphate groups were more important for IPK1 activation

285 The 5- and 6-phosphate groups were the most important for IP binding

286 the compounds, although charged at the alpha-phosphate group, were taken up by the cells and released

287 uction in the gas-phase basicity (GB) of the phosphate group when bound to {LGa2}(5+)/{LIn2}(5+) comp

288 ed LCD (determined previously), and with the phosphate group when the serine is phosphorylated.

289 explained by high polar surface areas (e.g. phosphate groups), whereas mOat3 prefers hydrogen bond a

290 ncy of CpG (the dinucleotide CG, linked by a phosphate group), which is underrepresented in most smal

291 er shell coordination of divalent cations to phosphate groups, which we demonstrate is crucial for an

292 ere directly labeled to the free 5'-terminal phosphate groups, which were activated by EDC and imidaz

293 coiled) and attached to the substrate by its phosphate groups, while exposing its nucleobases to the

294 ting water for nucleophilic attack at the 5'-phosphate group with respect to the damaged site.

295 nate proteins, i.e., those that can exchange phosphate groups with each other, surprisingly, encounte

296 features combine negative charges of the two phosphate groups with four hydrophobic fatty acid residu

297 ding to eIF2B through direct interactions of phosphate groups with residues in eIF2Balpha and indirec

298 s of the polycation mainly interact with DNA phosphate groups, with polycation intrusion into the maj

299 to the binding and orientation of the bound phosphate group within the ligand-binding pocket.

300 ed to measure the distance between amine and phosphate groups within cell wall fragments of Bacillus