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1 nor for chromophore reprotonation during the photocycle.
2 blue and UV-A regions and shows a truncated photocycle.
3 ately prior to electron transfer in the BLUF photocycle.
4 ept a proton from the Schiff base during the photocycle.
5 CBD could be used for further studies of the photocycle.
6 e active cofactor and complete the catalytic photocycle.
7 ically to close an oxygen-to-water reduction photocycle.
8 electron transfer (PCET) in the Slr1694 BLUF photocycle.
9 These steps conform to those in PYP's photocycle.
10 p for one-way proton transfer for the entire photocycle.
11 inherent entropy-driven late steps in the BR photocycle.
12 domain by itself can complete the Pr to Pfr photocycle.
13 ational response in the intermediates in the photocycle.
14 roton transfer reactions in the fluorescence photocycle.
15 tions is the primary step in the BLUF domain photocycle.
16 than WT) are due to unrelated events in the photocycle.
17 to reveal the role of residue Y98 in the PYP photocycle.
18 5, which remains unprotonated throughout the photocycle.
19 cysteine 62 composing a critical part of the photocycle.
20 c and structural changes in the fluorescence photocycle.
21 phototransformation and to the fluorescence photocycle.
22 with a dominant accumulation of M during the photocycle.
23 zed blue bR containing all the lipids has no photocycle.
24 he early or late M state of the protonmotive photocycle.
25 ty limitations that do not change during the photocycle.
26 groups along the transport chain during the photocycle.
27 cavities from residue rearrangements in the photocycle.
28 l change during the BR-->M portion of the BR photocycle.
29 h a concomitant increase in the speed of the photocycle.
30 ranslocation rate attributable to its slower photocycle.
31 s of M-intermediate in its bacteriorhodopsin photocycle.
32 tion implicating involvement of Tyr21 in the photocycle.
33 hain during key conformational states of the photocycle.
34 critical intermediates of the proton-motive photocycle.
35 helix F in the M and N intermediates of the photocycle.
36 n transfer process in the later phase of the photocycle.
37 We measured pH and isotope effects on the photocycle.
38 ctural transformations achieved later in the photocycle.
39 rs, and a subnanosecond component during the photocycle.
40 ncy, the earliest M intermediate (M1) of the photocycle.
41 acterization of the light-driven half of the photocycle.
42 es from TMR to the carotenoid throughout the photocycle.
43 alized kinetic model for the interprotein ET photocycle.
44 active site of channelrhodopsin-2 during the photocycle.
45 ce areas of OCP to the solvent following the photocycle.
46 photointermediates in the bacteriorhodopsin photocycle.
47 ulation of radical intermediates in the BLUF photocycle.
48 onal isomerizations are also involved in the photocycle.
49 the reprotonation step explaining the slower photocycle.
50 he superposition of two independent parallel photocycles.
51 ery phenomena are inherent properties of the photocycles.
52 terms of contributions from the two parallel photocycles.
53 igue experienced by the system upon repeated photocycling.
54 intained in a standard 12:12 hour light-dark photocycle (30 lux during the day and 0 lux at night).
55 were housed in a 12:12 hour light-dim light photocycle (30 lux during the day and 3 lux at night).
56 g decay of the O state, the last step of the photocycle, a proton is transferred from Asp85 to proton
57 product is apparently a side reaction of the photocycle, a response to high pH, caused by alteration
59 uctural rearrangements of OCP throughout the photocycle and a completely novel approach to the study
60 of conformation and configuration of several photocycle and conducting/nonconducting states need to b
62 f such a low pK(a) is an acceleration of the photocycle and high pump turnover at high light intensit
63 reatly improved our understanding of the OCP photocycle and interaction with phycobilisomes and the f
66 of a 1697 cm(-1) (+) difference band in both photocycle and phototransformation intermediates is a sp
67 les conformational switching from the flavin photocycle and prevents Vivid from sending signals in Ne
68 iff base to its counterion Asp-97 during the photocycle and the acid-induced protonation of Asp-97 in
69 zation of purified protein revealed that the photocycle and the transport mechanism of PsChR1 differ
70 r flavin-tryptophan and flavin-ascorbic acid photocycles and the closely related intramolecular flavi
71 he molecule are opened and closed during the photocycle, and affinity-switch models, which focus on c
72 ds a flavin cofactor, undergoes a reversible photocycle, and displays increased ATPase and autophosph
73 function independently of both rod and cone photocycles, and that apo-melanopsin has a strong prefer
77 ase proton transfer reactions during the BPR photocycle as previously shown for GPR, but BPR contains
78 luding conformer interexchangeability in the photocycle as shown here, is likely a significant factor
79 he signaling state intermediates of the SRII photocycle, as well as an influence of HtrII on the hydr
80 The complex structural changes during the photocycle at ambient temperature are displayed in a mov
81 wise conserved WXE motif, W389A, changes the photocycle at intermediate R2 and causes an alternative
82 arallel model for the bacteriorhodopsin (BR) photocycle at neutral pH and a temperature near 20 degre
88 These results suggest that the melanopsin photocycle can function independently of both rod and co
89 tion 101 as a mediator of both allostery and photocycle catalysis that can impact organism physiology
90 s for the variation of the properties of the photocycle caused by changes in actinic light intensity.
91 bits predominantly an all-trans retinylidene photocycle containing a deprotonated Schiff base species
92 early intermediate of the bacteriorhodopsin photocycle, contains the excess free energy used for lig
94 rease (from 10 to 40 degrees C), the overall photocycle duration is accelerated by a factor of 6, wit
96 playing significant roles in the control of photocycle dynamics and, by comparison to other sensory
97 , which requires multireference methods, the photocycle dynamics can be continued in an approximate m
98 ant step towards characterizing the complete photocycle dynamics of retinal proteins and demonstrates
99 r findings show that slowing the phototropin photocycle enhanced several light-capturing responses, w
100 etic rates, the composition of the different photocycle equilibria, and the spectra of the involved p
102 es 1-9 permit the construction of a complete photocycle for the photogeneration of H2 by dirhodium df
103 ermediate of the wild-type bacteriorhodopsin photocycle formed by actinic illumination at 230 K has b
104 , and most of the main features of the known photocycle from very early M to the return to the restin
105 We show that parallel transformations in the photocycle have a structural origin, and we report on th
106 difference spectra of the halorhodopsin (hR) photocycle have been collected from 3 micros to 100 ms i
111 trans-p-coumaric acid (trans-CA) triggers a photocycle in photoactive yellow protein that ultimately
112 at His-75 undergoes deprotonation during the photocycle in the proton-pumping (high pH) form of PR, a
115 ding AnPixJ and NpR6012g4, exhibit red/green photocycles in which the 15Z photostate is red-absorbing
117 ructural transitions unveiled during the PYP photocycle include trans/cis isomerization, the breaking
118 The L to M reaction of the bacteriorhodopsin photocycle includes the crucial proton transfer from the
119 mational changes are detected during the ASR photocycle including in the transmembrane helices E and
120 rstanding of how molecular events during the photocycle, including the retinal trans-cis isomerizatio
122 the 14 kDa protein increased the rate of the photocycle, indicating physical interaction with the mem
124 ng the PYPs studied to date in that it has a photocycle initiated from a dark-adapted state with a pr
125 t, although the gateway may be important for photocycle initiation, its role in recovery to the groun
126 s protonation of the Schiff base in a 13-cis photocycle intermediate (M right harpoon over left harpo
127 d its ability to photoisomerize to the first photocycle intermediate are insensitive to most single m
128 In contrast, for the partially unfolded pB photocycle intermediate containing cis-pCA, unfolding-in
129 The calculated excitation energy of the photocycle intermediate cryogenically trapped in a cryst
130 iously unknown light-sensitive, blue-shifted photocycle intermediate L (lambdamax = 495 nm), which is
131 -1) vibrational difference band due to the M photocycle intermediate of (14)N-Arg-bR loses substantia
132 cies make it a poor model for the long-lived photocycle intermediate, I(2), which undergoes more mode
134 ical calculations that the obtained putative photocycle intermediates are in close agreement with exp
135 similar spectral shifts, indicating similar photocycle intermediates as GtACR1 in detergent micelles
136 c-angle spinning NMR spectra of cryo-trapped photocycle intermediates of bacteriorhodopsin (bR) by a
137 ier transform infrared (FTIR) studies of the photocycle intermediates of bacteriorhodopsin at cryogen
138 was utilized to monitor the evolution of the photocycle intermediates of bR reconstituted in nanodisc
139 acteriorhodopsin provides models for several photocycle intermediates of the wild-type protein in whi
140 tein can be linked to the elongation of late-photocycle intermediates studied by flash photolysis.
142 as not been possible to correlate any of its photocycle intermediates with a relevant signaling state
143 lattice, the earliest bacteriorhodopsin (BR) photocycle intermediates, and divalent cations in the co
146 ophore that absorbs blue light, initiating a photocycle involving a series of conformational changes.
147 in terms of the radical pair mechanism and a photocycle involving the recently discovered fourth tryp
148 copy to show that the key step in the repair photocycle is acyclic proton transfer between the enzyme
149 membrane during the L-to-M transition of the photocycle is addressed by including as pH-titratable si
152 ates of the photoactive yellow protein (PYP) photocycle is examined via ab initio vibrational self-co
153 Previous work has shown that the melanopsin photocycle is independent of that used by rhodopsin.
154 onstrate that the melanopsin-dependent ipRGC photocycle is independent of the visual retinoid cycle.
156 transfer reactions, implying that the 13-cis photocycle is of minor functional relevance for ChR2.
157 ltimately developed in the first half of the photocycle is probably responsible for enforcing vectori
162 s at physiological pH, the net effect of BPR photocycling is to generate proton currents dominated by
163 main can, by itself, complete the Pr --> Pfr photocycle, it should now be possible to determine the s
165 le absorption maxima (530 versus 490 nm) and photocycle kinetics ( approximately 20 versus approximat
166 Y98Q mutant of PYP has a major effect on the photocycle kinetics ( approximately 40 times slower reco
167 ge differences in the pH dependence of their photocycle kinetics and in the pK(a) of Asp76 that contr
168 droxyls and the surrounding protein regulate photocycle kinetics and stabilize the LOV active site fr
170 has the same absorption spectrum and similar photocycle kinetics as full length Ppr, but a blue-shift
171 etation of the photocurrents in terms of the photocycle kinetics indicates that the O states in both
173 To study the lipid-composition dependence of photocycle kinetics of bacteriorhodopsin (bR), transient
174 ransient absorption contours showed that the photocycle kinetics of bR was significantly retarded and
177 and that pH-induced changes observed in the photocycle kinetics of PYP cannot be caused by changes i
179 asurement of the photochemical activity, the photocycle kinetics, and the absorption spectra at vario
181 een identified as a possible key mediator of photocycle kinetics, despite the lack of ordered water i
186 f the retinal chromophore and the subsequent photocycle, leading to the formation (on-gating) and dec
187 ted mutagenesis can decrease or increase the photocycle lifetime of Arabidopsis phototropins in vitro
190 lly detailed description of the complete PYP photocycle, made possible by time-resolved crystal and s
192 ers, BD predictions were verified through ET photocycle measurements enabled by Zn-deuteroporphyrin s
194 erization rate and thermal activation of the photocycle, melanopsin turns out to be a highly sensitiv
198 s provide the same kinetic parameters of the photocycle, namely, the kinetics of OCP relaxation in da
201 ecord, in D2 O, the complete proton transfer photocycle of avGFP, and two mutants (T203V and S205V) w
207 The L intermediate in the proton-motive photocycle of bacteriorhodopsin is the starting state fo
209 ed as compared to other intermediates in the photocycle of both PYP and Bph, we interpret this as for
210 regime may be functionally important for the photocycle of bR, and protein-lipid interactions are mot
215 e structure (XANES), we demonstrate that the photocycle of ferric Cyt c is entirely due to a cascade
216 uced reactions play an important role in the photocycle of fluorescent proteins from the green fluore
219 used this capability to track the reversible photocycle of photoactive yellow protein (PYP) following
220 investigate the picosecond time range in the photocycle of photoactive yellow protein (PYP) with MHz
223 Our study provides novel insight into the photocycle of PR and also demonstrates the power of DNP-
224 s that 124 mutants retain the characteristic photocycle of PYP, but that the majority of substitution
225 racterized the proton transfer events in the photocycle of ReaChR and describe their relevance for it
228 , we present spectroscopic evidence that the photocycle of the C128T mutant involves three different
230 08Q mutants, and the effects of azide on the photocycle of the E108Q mutant, at low and high pH.
233 which the M intermediate is observed in the photocycle of the protein solubilized in detergent [dode
235 c residues in proton transfer, and as in the photocycle of the wild-type protein, no intermediate wit
237 with variable vectoriality, we compared the photocycles of D97N and E108Q mutants, and the effects o
238 ght very significant differences between the photocycles of PixD and AppABLUF, despite their sharing
240 plex than those reported for the red/far-red photocycles of the related phytochrome photoreceptors.
242 M/MM) molecular dynamics simulations of this photocycle provide a nonequilibrium dynamical picture of
243 ons of functional and shunt states in the bR photocycle provide a preview of the mechanistic insights
244 c resolution description of the complete PYP photocycle provides a framework for understanding signal
247 ent ocean depths show that the difference in photocycle rates between GPR and BPR as well as their di
249 98L, and Y98A) have differing effects on the photocycle recovery, presumably due to a variable distor
254 duced protein-protein electron transfer (ET) photocycle should exhibit differential responses to dyna
262 ics of photoinduced PCET in the Slr1694 BLUF photocycle that have not been attainable with previous s
263 Blue light excitation of AppA induces a photocycle that is characterized by a long-lived red-shi
264 ntly bound within PYP as the first step in a photocycle that results in the host bacterium moving awa
265 state in the dark, effectively completing a photocycle that serves as a molecular switch to control
266 erties of the different intermediates in the photocycle, the possible origins of the polarizable prot
267 ugh the PR monomer is able to undergo a full photocycle, the question arises whether the pentameric c
268 ainment of the Arabidopsis thaliana clock to photocycles, the determinants of thermoperception and en
269 1 and M2 reveals the principal switch in the photocycle: the change of the angle of the C15=NZ-CE pla
270 intermediate states in the bacteriorhodopsin photocycle, this study also suggests the overall design
271 D85 is necessary at the end of the wild-type photocycle to avoid the generation of nonfunctional C [d
276 of proteins that do not enter the signaling photocycle, TRCD provides strong evidence that the carbo
280 Moreover, plants engineered to have a slow-photocycling variant of phot1 or phot2 displayed increas
283 reaction is part of the DpCry1 physiological photocycle, we mutated the Trp residue that acts as the
284 tion steps during the bacteriorhodopsin (BR) photocycle were determined by time-resolved photopressur
285 Early intermediates of bacteriorhodopsin's photocycle were modeled by means of ab initio quantum me
287 een 260 and 298 K in the context of a simple photocycle, were found to be larger at low pH than at hi
288 ze rhodopsin and enhance the kinetics of the photocycle, whereas cholesterol has the opposite effect.
289 lin chromophore as the primary step in their photocycle, which consists of reversible photoconversion
290 Both LOV1 and LOV2 undergo a self-contained photocycle, which involves the formation of a covalent a
291 ined from the ultrafast dynamics of the full photocycle, which is of particular importance when the b
292 als several intermediates involved in PAiRFP photocycles, which all differ from that of the bacteriop
293 at Tyr8 and Gln50 result in the loss of the photocycle while a mutation of Met93 does not appreciabl
294 va light-oxygen-voltage domain 2 undergoes a photocycle with a conformational change involving the un
297 excitation of P(480) induces a parallel syn-photocycle with an open-channel state of small conductan
300 hodopsin, HR520 Cl- and HR640, into a single photocycle, with a chloride-dependent equilibrium betwee
301 Such sensors exhibit a diverse range of photocycles, yet all share ground-state absorbance of ne