ライフサイエンスコーパス: photolyase

1 y with the light-activated DNA repair enzyme photolyase.

2 y of the flavin cofactor in Escherichia coli photolyase.

3 lesion changes dramatically upon binding to Photolyase.

4 tructurally related to the DNA repair enzyme photolyase.

5 , from Chlamydomonas encoding a class II DNA photolyase.

6 new procedure for the rapid isolation of DNA photolyase.

7 at PHR2 encodes the chloroplast targeted DNA photolyase.

8 by T4 endonuclease V and photoreversal by UV photolyase.

9 nalogous to the cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer photolyase.

10 A sequence encoding a type II (metazoan) CPD photolyase.

11 is PHR1, which encodes the apoenzyme for DNA photolyase.

12 omology to the Drosophila melanogaster (6-4) photolyase.

13 tophans in the Drosophila melanogaster (6-4) photolyase.

14 toluene, T<>Tol, catalyzed by a class-I CPD photolyase.

15 same is also true for the DNA repair enzyme, photolyase.

16 -induced cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers by UV photolyase.

17 to the antenna chromophore-binding pocket of photolyase.

18 erve as photoreceptors for cryptochromes and photolyases.

19 ing and thymine base moieties in class I CPD photolyases.

20 distinguishing them from conventional (6-4) photolyases.

21 in 10 elementary steps in all classes of CPD photolyases.

22 ent reaction catalyzed by enzymes called DNA photolyases.

23 e homology to animal cryptochromes and (6-4) photolyases.

24 own to serve as a second chromophore for DNA photolyases.

25 e chromophore in native Escherichia coli DNA photolyase ([6R]-5,10-CH+-H4Pte(Glu)n=3-6) serves as an

26 repair pathway (cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer photolyase), a LINE-type reverse transcriptase, and a mu

27 Through electron tunneling, photolyase, a photoenzyme, splits UV-induced cyclobutane

28 r in the DNA-repair enzyme, Escherichia coli photolyase, a protein closely related to cryptochrome wh

29 Photolyases, a ubiquitous class of flavoproteins, use bl

30 dissimilarity of a surface cavity to that of photolyase account for its lack of DNA-repair activity.

31 Here, we map repair of CPDs by photolyase across the yeast genome at single-nucleotide

32 However, cryptochromes lack photolyase activity and are characterized by distinguish

33 n (Cry-DASH) subfamily of cryptochromes have photolyase activity exclusively for single-stranded cycl

34 abidopsis mutant that is entirely lacking in photolyase activity has been found to contain a lesion w

35 Chlamydomonas has been shown to have DNA photolyase activity in both the nucleus and the chloropl

36 yase repairs CPDs more rapidly than NER, but photolyase activity is inhibited at certain classes of t

37 photoreceptors, both hCRY1 and hCRY2 lacked photolyase activity on the cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer

38 is deficient in nuclear but not chloroplast photolyase activity was shown by RFLP analysis not to be

39 selected catalytic DNA that shows efficient photolyase activity, using light of <310 nm wavelength t

40 in vivo, and plant extracts lack detectable photolyase activity.

41 ofactor has an unusual bent configuration in photolyase and cryptochrome, and such a folded structure

42 Assuming ET as the universal mechanism for photolyase and cryptochrome, these results imply anionic

43 In addition, other genes (i.e. DNA photolyase and cyclophilin B) that had relatively conser

44 -temporal molecular picture of CPD repair by photolyase and elucidate the underlying molecular mechan

45 After addition of photolyase and exposure to visible light, some of the tr

46 The flavin cofactor in photoenzyme photolyase and photoreceptor cryptochrome may exist in a

47 ur study presents a unique prokaryotic (6-4) photolyase and proposes that the prokaryotic (6-4) photo

48 light activation of flavin analogous to DNA photolyase and rapid intramolecular electron transfer be

49 support a role for Phycomyces cry-DASH as a photolyase and suggest a similar role for cry-DASH in mu

50 in its electron-transfer-mediated repair by photolyase and that the unique relative orientation of t

51 This damage is repaired by photolyase and the nucleotide excision repair system in

52 cover the complete molecular mechanism of a photolyase and, importantly, its chemistry and enzymatic

53 Photolyases and cryptochrome blue-light photoreceptors a

54 Photolyases and cryptochromes are flavoproteins that bel

55 is a major pathway, but mechanisms involving photolyases and DNA glycosylases have also been characte

56 Cryptochromes are proteins related to DNA photolyases and have been shown to function as blue-ligh

57 redox states of the flavin cofactor in both photolyases and insect type 1 cryptochromes.

58 the photolyase/photoreceptor family are not photolyases and instead may function as blue-light photo

59 FAD is the catalytic chromophore for all photolyases and is essential for photoreactivation.

60 chromophores have been described for several photolyases and related cryptochromes, but no correlatio

61 e and synthetic DNA using T4 endonuclease V, photolyase, and anti-CPD antibodies strongly suggest tha

62 The hybrid duplex is recognized by photolyase, and irradiation of the complex leads to the

63 tem (PS) II, ribonucleotide reductase (RNR), photolyase, and many other proteins.

64 have an N-terminal domain that is similar to photolyase, and most have an additional C-terminal domai

65 oteins that encompasses DNA repair proteins, photolyases, and cryptochromes that regulate blue-light-

66 acterium tumefaciens, and propose that (6-4) photolyases are broadly distributed in prokaryotes.

67 Photolyases are DNA repair enzymes that use energy from

68 Cryptochromes and photolyases are flavoproteins that undergo cascades of e

69 Cyclobutane dimer photolyases are proteins that bind to UV-damaged DNA con

70 Photolyases are proteins with an FAD chromophore that re

71 DNA photolyases are specific for either cyclobutane-type pyr

72 The cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer class III photolyases are structurally unknown but closely related

73 yase and proposes that the prokaryotic (6-4) photolyases are the ancestors of the cryptochrome/photol

74 By using the bacterial photolyase as a starting point, we modeled the region en

75 It was recently discovered that animal (6-4) photolyases, as well as animal cryptochromes, feature a

76 e presence of genes for both CPD and (6-4)PP photolyases, as well as genes for nucleotide excision re

77 ptochrome 1 (Cry1) and 2 (Cry2) evolved from photolyases, bacterial light-activated DNA repair enzyme

78 and with the apparent absence of Arabidopsis photolyases bearing transit peptides.

79 Photolyase binds to UV photoproducts in DNA and repairs

80 DNA clone with high sequence homology to the photolyase/blue-light photoreceptor family was identifie

81 Similar to other members of the photolyase/blue-light photoreceptor family, both protein

82 nessential for photoreactivation because DNA photolyase bound to only FAD is sufficient to catalyze t

83 aeal primases, suggesting that the PhrB-like photolyases branched at the base of the evolution of the

84 tochromes have high sequence homology to DNA photolyase but appear to lack photorepair activity.

85 t-Cry3 are not conserved in Escherichia coli photolyase but are strongly conserved in the Cry-DASH su

86 A-repair activity of the closely related DNA photolyases, but they retain the ability to bind nucleot

87 active site of cofactor/substrate in enzyme photolyase by examining femtosecond-resolved fluorescenc

88 the functional differences between CRYs and PHOTOLYASE can be attributed to the few amino acid chang

89 The photolyase can bind to the T<>Tol adducts efficiently an

90 We find that both wild-type and W306F mutant photolyases carry out at least 25 rounds of photorepair

91 molecular model of a thymine dimer docked to photolyase catalytic site and studied molecular dynamics

92 DNA photolyases catalyze the blue light-dependent repair of

93 e determined the structural mechanism of the photolyase-catalyzed repair of a cyclobutane pyrimidine

94 The (6-4) photolyase catalyzes the photoreversal of the (6-4) dipy

95 the generation and characterization of xCRY/photolyase chimeras, we found that the second half of th

96 Escherichia coli DNA photolyase contains FADH(-) as the catalytic cofactor.

97 The cryptochrome/photolyase (CRY/PL) family of photoreceptors mediates ad

98 nding site differs from other members of the photolyase-cryptochrome superfamily by an antenna loop t

99 sfer for the initial functional steps of the photolyase/cryptochrome blue-light photoreceptor family.

100 genome revealed three genes belonging to the photolyase/cryptochrome blue-light photoreceptor family.

101 The photolyase/cryptochrome family is a large family of flav

102 he evolution of the diverse functions of the photolyase/cryptochrome family of flavoproteins and offe

103 Recently, a new branch of the photolyase/cryptochrome family was identified.

104 unlikely to be the functional states of the photolyase/cryptochrome family.

105 amily of highly conserved flavoproteins, the photolyase/cryptochrome family.

106 Unlike the homologous DNA repair enzyme 6-4 PHOTOLYASE, CRYs have extended carboxyl-terminal tails a

107 scherichia coli, is able to complement a DNA photolyase deficiency.

108 ponding FPV ORF to complement functionally a photolyase-deficient Escherichia coli strain.

109 The PHR1 protein complements a photolyase-deficient mutant of Escherichia coli and thus

110 Cyclic and square-wave voltammograms of photolyase deposited on these electrodes show a redox si

111 Photoreactivation with (6-4) photolyase did not lower the mutant frequency appreciabl

112 A structural model for photolyase-dimer interaction is presented.

113 The structure of the photolyase/DNA complex is unknown at present.

114 tion of efficient, visible light-harnessing, photolyase DNAzymes for either the prophylaxis or therap

115 uinone flavin can be the functional state in photolyase due to the slower ET dynamics (2 ns) with the

116 In Escherichia coli photolyase (EcPhr), the MTHF cofactor is present in subs

117 Our data indicate that photolyase efficiently repairs the non-transcribed stran

118 d by treating keratinocytes with photosomes (photolyase encapsulated in liposomes) followed by photor

119 nisms such as nucleotide excision repair and photolyase enzymes for repairing UV-induced DNA damage a

120 repair CPDs, many species primarily utilize photolyase enzymes to repair UV damage.

121 s activity is known and well-studied for DNA photolyase enzymes.

122 Exposure of the photolyase-expressing cell lines to photoreactivating li

123 ingle gene for a protein of the cryptochrome/photolyase family (CPF) encoding a cry-DASH, cryA, despi

124 inherent to all proteins of the cryptochrome/photolyase family and that cryptochromes are, therefore,

125 eduction of the FAD cofactor of cryptochrome/photolyase family proteins.

126 sensitive photoreceptors of the cryptochrome/photolyase family, and proteins containing the Light-Oxy

127 closely related members of the cryptochrome-photolyase family.

128 he base of the evolution of the cryptochrome/photolyase family.

129 lyases are the ancestors of the cryptochrome/photolyase family.

130 photoreceptors share sequence similarity to photolyases, flavoproteins that mediate light-dependent

131 To mimic photolyase for efficient repair of UV-damaged DNA, numer

132 s structurally conserved in eukaryotic (6-4) photolyases for which the second His is essential for th

133 stitution, whereas the higher plant class II photolyase from Arabidopsis thaliana fails to bind any o

134 Unlike the recently reported class II DNA photolyase from Arabidopsis, the protein encoded by PHR2

135 isolation and characterization of a type III photolyase from Caulobacter crescentus.

136 l analysis of the distantly related class II photolyase from the archaeon Methanosarcina mazei (MmCPD

137 ch the second His is essential for the (6-4) photolyase function.

138 nce homology with light-dependent DNA repair photolyases, function as photoreceptors in plants and ci

139 eversed by photoreactivation with E. coli UV photolyase, further demonstrating the correct stereochem

140 onclude that PHR1 represents a genuine plant photolyase gene and that the plant genes with homology t

141 stingly, insertional inactivation of the FPV photolyase gene did not impair the replication of such a

142 he base-excision repair pathway, and the DNA photolyase gene PHotoreactivation Repair deficient 1 (PH

143 Based on transcriptional analyses, the photolyase gene was found to be expressed late during th

144 ing the cloned Drosophila melanogaster (6-4) photolyase gene, we overproduced and purified the recomb

145 high light inducible protein (Hlip) and DNA photolyase genes in their genomes.

146 roscopy measurements on Xenopus laevis (6-4) photolyase have shown that the fourth residue is effecti

147 Plant photolyases have been purified, characterized, and have

148 Previous studies on microbial photolyases have revealed an electron-tunneling pathway

149 e presence of a cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer photolyase homologue in FPV suggests the presence of a p

150 vel cry mutation (cry(m)) reveals that CRY's photolyase homology domain is sufficient for light detec

151 These receptors consist of a photolyase homology region (PHR) carrying the oxidized f

152 imeras, we found that the second half of the photolyase homology region (PHR) of CRY is important for

153 eveal that a small domain extending from the photolyase homology region (PHR) of CRY1 regulates the s

154 ferentiating alpha-helical domain within the photolyase homology region (PHR) of CRY1, designated as

155 hese photoreceptors bind oxidized FAD in the photolyase homology region (PHR).

156 l as the details of its interaction with the photolyase homology region are not yet fully understood

157 4,5)P(2) and PI(3,4,5)P(3), was fused to the photolyase homology region domain of CRY2, and the CRY2-

158 We previously showed how the PHR (photolyase homology region) domain of CRY1 interacts wit

159 We show that the photolyase-homology region interacts with the C-terminal

160 acid carboxy-terminal extensions beyond the photolyase-homology region that have been shown to media

161 mology to the recently characterized type II photolyases identified in a number of prokaryotic and an

162 Overexpression of PHR2 photolyase in a photoreactivation-deficient mutant, phr1

163 class II cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer (CPD)-photolyase in the genome of FPV.

164 , consistent with the presence of a gene for photolyase in the genome of S. solfataricus.

165 amination, and treated with Escherichia coli photolyase in the presence of 365 nm light to reverse cy

166 cally in a mechanism consistent with that of photolyase in which the photoexcited state of the purine

167 ryptochrome DASH, reveals commonalities with photolyases in DNA binding and redox-dependent function,

168 cting 8-HDF binding for most of the class II photolyases in the whole phylome.

169 ide in At-Cry3 is similar to that of E. coli photolyase, in conjunction with the presence of electron

170 an unusual folded conformation of FADH(-) in photolyases, in which the isoalloxazine ring of the flav

171 ed with and without photoreactivation by CPD photolyase indicated that the remaining mutations were d

172 he deduced amino acid sequence of M. xanthus photolyase indicates that the protein contains 401 amino

173 Therefore, FPV appears to incorporate its photolyase into mature virions where the enzyme can prom

174 we have introduced photoproduct-specific DNA photolyases into a mouse cell line carrying the transgen

175 Photolyase is a blue-light-activated enzyme that repairs

176 DNA photolyase is a flavoprotein that repairs cyclobutylpyri

177 DNA Photolyase is a flavoprotein that uses light to repair c

178 Photolyase is a light-activated flavoenzyme that binds t

179 The electron donor cofactor of a photolyase is a two-electron-reduced flavin adenine dinu

180 Photolyase is an enzyme that catalyses photorepair of th

181 Photolyase is an enzyme that uses light to catalyze DNA

182 for a second gene for full activity of a DNA photolyase is novel.

183 This mutant provides evidence that CPD photolyase is required for plant survival in the presenc

184 ts show that the photocycle of DNA repair by photolyase is through a radical mechanism and completed

185 and DNA sequences with those of other known photolyases, it has been found that it is more similar t

186 Cryptochromes (CRY) are photolyase-like blue-light receptors that mediate light

187 Cryptochromes are photolyase-like blue/UV-A light receptors that regulate

188 us in vitro experiments established that the photolyase-like domain of CRY-1 can bind Mg.ATP, and we

189 We present here the crystal structure of the photolyase-like domain of CRY-1 from Arabidopsis thalian

190 d through the flavin bound to the N-terminal photolyase-like domain.

191 Gene knockout analysis in two putative photolyase-like genes (phr1 and phr2) implicated only ph

192 the C terminus of CRY on the photosensitive, photolyase-like part of the protein.

193 Here, we report the isolation of a novel photolyase-like sequence from Arabidopsis designated PHR

194 ctra of various flavoproteins, including DNA photolyase, measured using this new technique.

195 Two new artificial photolyase models that recognize pyrimidine dimers in pr

196 rp306 and *FADH. in the Escherichia coli DNA photolyase molecule, using the method of interatomic tun

197 decreases the steady-state concentration of photolyase molecules and PHR1 mRNA, and increases the UV

198 THF), fully complements the Escherichia coli photolyase mutant and repairs in vitro CPD lesions in si

199 We demonstrate that the CPD photolyase mutation is genetically linked to a DNA seque

200 PHR2 was predicted to encode the chloroplast photolyase of Chlamydomonas.

201 r to the deduced amino acid sequences of the photolyases of "higher" eukaryotes than to the photolyas

202 otolyases of "higher" eukaryotes than to the photolyases of other eubacteria.

203 Exposure of photolyase on T<>T-damaged DNA films to near-UV/blue lig

204 ittle sequence similarity with either type I photolyases or the cryptochrome family of blue light pho

205 repair enzymes for UV-B-induced DNA lesions (photolyases) or as UV-A/blue light photoreceptors (crypt

206 hotolyase which is >50% identical to E. coli photolyase over the region comprising the DNA binding do

207 ussed in the context of electron transfer in photolyase, particularly for the semiquinone photoreduct

208 protein electron transfer is not part of the photolyase photocycle under physiological conditions.

209 e that these newly discovered members of the photolyase/photoreceptor family are not photolyases and

210 In Escherichia coli photolyase, photoreduction of the flavin adenine dinucle

211 synthesis and repair, including dipyrimidine photolyase (phr) and cytidylate monophosphate kinase (pa

212 structural gene mutation in the type II CPD photolyase PHR1.

213 he identification of the gene encoding a DNA photolyase (phrA) from the Gram-negative eubacterium Myx

214 Here we report a prokaryotic (6-4) photolyase, PhrB from Agrobacterium tumefaciens, and pro

215 D and FADH(*) in folate-depleted E. coli DNA photolyase (PL(OX) and PL(SQ), respectively) was measure

216 DNA photolyase (PL) is a monomeric flavoprotein that repairs

217 CPDs can be directly repaired by DNA photolyase (PL) upon absorption of blue-green light.

218 Photolyases (PLs) reverse UV-induced DNA damage using bl

219 Our simulations confirm that ET in (6-4) photolyase proceeds out of equilibrium.

220 The cryptochrome/photolyase protein family possesses a conserved triad of

221 The DNA repair enzyme photolyase provides a natural system that allows for the

222 rminal Tim armadillo repeats, resembling how photolyases recognize damaged DNA, and binds a C-termina

223 The crystal structure of photolyase related protein B (PhrB) at 1.45 A resolution

224 l structure of a class III photolyase termed photolyase-related protein A (PhrA) of Agrobacterium tum

225 ferent genomic and chromatin features impact photolyase repair across a eukaryotic genome is limited.

226 These data indicate that inhibition of photolyase repair along the TS, likely due to occlusion

227 DNA photolyases repair pyrimidine dimers via a reaction in w

228 Photolyases repair UV-damaged DNA in many species from b

229 Our data indicate that yeast photolyase repairs CPDs more rapidly than NER, but photo

230 DNA photolyase repairs pyrimidine dimer lesions in DNA throu

231 uously tune local configurations to optimize photolyase's function through resonance energy transfer

232 ain a lesion within this Arabidopsis type II photolyase sequence.

233 Unlike DNA photolyase, SP lyase does not contain a flavin cofactor

234 Only one of the three, VcPhr, is a photolyase specific for cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers.

235 The crystal structure of Escherichia coli photolyase suggested that the pyrimidine dimer is flippe

236 est that PHR2 is the structural gene for the photolyase targeted to both the chloroplast and the nucl

237 present the crystal structure of a class III photolyase termed photolyase-related protein A (PhrA) of

238 es cerevisiae DNA repair gene PHR1 encodes a photolyase that catalyzes the light-dependent repair of

239 ccharomyes cerevisiae produce a CPD-specific photolyase that eliminates only this class of dimer, Ara

240 emical analysis shows that it is a bona fide photolyase that repairs cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers.

241 ogue, which in other organisms encodes a DNA photolyase that repairs UV-induced pyrimidine dimers wit

242 arameter flow cytometry with lesion-specific photolyases that eliminate either CPDs or 6-4PPs and det

243 UVR3 products were previously identified as photolyases that remove UV-induced pyrimidine dimers in

244 , structurally and evolutionarily related to photolyases, that are involved in the development, magne

245 that the plant genes with homology to type I photolyases (the cryptochrome family of blue light photo

246 Therefore, in photolyase, the photo-excitation itself enhances the ele

247 In photolyases, the excited active state (FADH(-)*) has a l

248 hey are flavoproteins similar in sequence to photolyases, their presumptive evolutionary ancestors.

249 taining blue light photoreceptors related to photolyases-they are found in both plants and animals an

250 wn how the photoinduced step is optimized in photolyase to attain maximum efficiency.

251 able FADH(*) radical (300-700 nm) allows CPD photolyase to highly efficiently form FADH(-), making it

252 In addition, we used photolyase to mark the sites of UV lesions in supercoile

253 picture on the evolutionary transition from photolyase to photoreceptor.

254 hoto-induced repair of (6-4) photolesions by photolyases to specific molecular structures.

255 t higher eukaryotes which depend on class II photolyases to struggle with the genotoxic effects of so

256 d to UVC (to induce CPD and 6-4PP), to UVC + photolyase (to leave only 6-4PP on the plasmid), or to U

257 We found that photolyase traps the excited state of the active cofacto

258 n events (CC to UU), is PCR amplification of photolyase-treated DNA using primers complemetary to the

259 ing that most of the mutations arising in UV/photolyase-treated ds DNA were C-->T mutations mediated

260 ion of UVB + acetophenone-, but not of UVC + photolyase-treated plasmids was normal in XP4PA-SE1 cell

261 The photolyase undergoes highly directed and carefully timed

262 DNA photolyases use blue light and fully reduced flavin cofa

263 The (6-4) photolyases use blue light to reverse UV-induced (6-4) p

264 DNA photolyases use two noncovalently bound chromophores to

265 In many organisms, a flavoenzyme called photolyase uses blue light energy to repair the 6-4PP.

266 Photolyase uses blue light to restore the major ultravio

267 Photolyase uses energy from blue light to repair UV-indu

268 Photolyase uses light energy to split UV-induced cyclobu

269 teps of repair of ultraviolet-damaged DNA by photolyase using femtosecond spectroscopy.

270 The photolyase utilizes its conserved photorepair mechanism

271 the cII gene after photoreactivation by CPD photolyase was reduced from 127 x 10(-5) to 34 x 10(-5)

272 ls that stably express photoproduct-specific photolyases, we determined the binding characteristics o

273 mydomonas reinhardtii encodes a class II DNA photolyase which catalyzes the photorepair of cyclobutan

274 odel using the Saccharomyces cerevisiae Phr1 photolyase which is >50% identical to E. coli photolyase

275 proteins are important for life, such as in photolyases which repair DNA, but the role of structural

276 ed a new class of the family, named type III photolyase, which cosegregates with plant cryptochromes.

277 in found in most other cryptochromes and DNA photolyases, which comprises a conserved tryptophan tria

278 the antenna chromophores of light-driven DNA photolyases, which remove UV-induced DNA lesions.

279 l to flavoenzyme's functions, as observed in photolyase with a planar structure to lengthen the lifet

280 ining, folate-depleted) Escherichia coli DNA photolyase with and without dinucleotide and polynucleot

281 nd repair kinetics of Anacystis nidulans DNA photolyase with dimeric and pentameric oligothymidine su

282 aracterization of photoreduction dynamics of photolyase with femtosecond resolution.

283 rial, plant, and animal sources actually are photolyases with high degree of specificity for cyclobut

284 cture reveals a fold that is very similar to photolyase, with a single molecule of FAD noncovalently

285 ch has a high degree of sequence identity to photolyase, works as the main circadian photoreceptor an

286 r species, as well as to the closely related photolyases, xCRYs have a conserved flavin binding domai

287 us laevis contains both CRYs (xCRYs) and 6-4 PHOTOLYASE (xPHOTOLYASE), providing an excellent compara