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1  the center of the cell in lieu of a midbody/phragmoplast.
2 N cell plate that is formed within the solid phragmoplast.
3 , transitional phragmoplast, and ring-shaped phragmoplast.
4 e preprophase band, mitotic spindle, and the phragmoplast.
5 e transport of Golgi-derived vesicles in the phragmoplast.
6 al signal could be detected elsewhere in the phragmoplast.
7  reorganization and vesicle transport in the phragmoplast.
8 trated on MTs in the spindle midzone and the phragmoplast.
9  although some mitochondria can approach the phragmoplast.
10 reprophase band, the mitotic spindle and the phragmoplast.
11  to the midzone of the mitotic apparatus and phragmoplast.
12 rmation of a cell plate in the center of the phragmoplast.
13 ortex, preprophase band, mitotic spindle and phragmoplast.
14 letal assemblies that received the expanding phragmoplast.
15 otubule and a microfilament array called the phragmoplast.
16 tion of MAP65-3 with microtubules within the phragmoplast.
17 ed localization in the midzone of developing phragmoplast.
18 ortex, preprophase band, mitotic spindle and phragmoplast.
19 terials around the circumferentially growing phragmoplast.
20 nd during cytokinesis is associated with the phragmoplast.
21 ow that TIO is required for expansion of the phragmoplast.
22  of gamma-tubulin in the mitotic spindle and phragmoplast.
23 tiparallel MTs toward their plus ends in the phragmoplast.
24 ntiparallel MTs to be closely engaged in the phragmoplast.
25  dynamic cytoskeletal apparatus known as the phragmoplast.
26 lus ends of antiparallel microtubules in the phragmoplast.
27 t cells, cytokinesis is brought about by the phragmoplast.
28 lel microtubules in the middle region of the phragmoplast.
29 ials and their CPAMs gives rise to the solid phragmoplast.
30 and regions rich in growing plus-ends within phragmoplasts.
31                 Plant cells divide using the phragmoplast, a microtubule-based structure that directs
32                                    Growth of phragmoplast across the cell creates a new partition in
33 LEN1 may be required for the localization of phragmoplast activity.
34                                     New mini-phragmoplasts also are generated de novo around the marg
35 to serious defects in MT organization in the phragmoplast and cause failures in cytokinesis.
36 gaging and bundling anti-parallel MTs in the phragmoplast and disclosed a novel action of MAP65-4 at
37 ng that short-range interactions between the phragmoplast and plasma membrane may play important role
38 t that microtubules initiate randomly in the phragmoplast and that the majority exhibit dynamic insta
39 tiva) microtubule-associated proteins in the phragmoplast and uncovered a novel spindle-associated mi
40              A similar polarity developed in phragmoplasts and cell plates, raising the possibility t
41              Lack of TAN1 leads to misguided phragmoplasts and mispositioned cell walls in maize.
42 rce of MT generation for assembling spindle, phragmoplast, and cortical arrays when the gamma-tubulin
43 3 was localized along MTs in the spindle and phragmoplast, and its signal was pronounced in anaphase
44 within the cortical array, preprophase band, phragmoplast, and mitotic spindle.
45 t initials, solid phragmoplast, transitional phragmoplast, and ring-shaped phragmoplast.
46 TEN, formin also localized to the cell apex, phragmoplast, and to the cell cortex as dynamic cortical
47 that microtubule nucleation factors regulate phragmoplast architecture and axial asymmetry directly b
48 imaging reveals that the mitotic spindle and phragmoplast are laterally displaced, and that the growi
49                  The major components of the phragmoplast are microtubules, which are arranged in two
50 riety of observations suggest that expanding phragmoplasts are actively guided to the former PPB site
51                                              Phragmoplasts are microtubule-rich arrays that orchestra
52                                              Phragmoplasts are often described as initiating at the c
53 ymmetric preprophase bands prior to mitosis; phragmoplasts are subsequently guided to these asymmetri
54                                              Phragmoplast assembly thus provides a regular lattice of
55 dentified AtPAKRP2 (for Arabidopsis thaliana phragmoplast-associated kinesin-related protein 2).
56  phragmoplast-specific motors Kinesin-12 and Phragmoplast-Associated Kinesin-Related Protein2 to inte
57                              We identify the phragmoplast-associated kinesins, PAKRP1/Kinesin-12A and
58 clusive model where microtubule dynamics and phragmoplast asymmetry are consistent with the localizat
59 al information to be read by the cytokinetic phragmoplast at later stages of mitotic cell division.
60 s but is not essential at the midline of the phragmoplast at later stages.
61 ated specifically with bundles of MTs in the phragmoplast at or near their plus ends.
62 ever, as phragmoplast expansion continues o1 phragmoplasts become misguided.
63 nto phragmoplast-like structures termed mini-phragmoplasts between both sister and nonsister nuclei.
64       Both clearly stain the spindle and the phragmoplast, but in a proportion of cells anti-DcKRP120
65 ssemble and then reform in a peripheral ring phragmoplast configuration.
66                                         Mini-phragmoplasts consisting of microtubule clusters assembl
67           In conclusion, we suggest that the phragmoplast contains IMTs and highly dynamic noninterdi
68                                          The phragmoplast coordinates cytokinesis in plants [1].
69 formed cross walls at the stage in which the phragmoplast cytoskeleton has depolymerized and the new
70 then remained near the spindle midzone until phragmoplast development, at which time they were again
71 bule and actin filament structure called the phragmoplast directs vesicles to create the new cell wal
72 t shows diminished clustering of AUG7 in the phragmoplast distal zone.
73 aratus-derived vesicles in the center of the phragmoplast during cytokinesis in plant cells.
74  of cell division depends on guidance of the phragmoplast during cytokinesis to a cortical site marke
75 one spindle during anaphase, and finally the phragmoplast during late anaphase and telophase.
76 endent process necessary for the guidance of phragmoplasts during cytokinesis in asymmetrically divid
77                                          The phragmoplast executes cytokinesis in higher plants.
78 rotubules (MTs) in the cytokinetic apparatus phragmoplast exhibit an antiparallel array and transport
79 nt cytokinetic microtubule array, called the phragmoplast, exhibits higher microtubule dynamics in it
80                                          The phragmoplast expands centrifugally and directs the cell
81                                          The phragmoplast expands toward a specific location at the c
82 oplast guidance in o1 is normal; however, as phragmoplast expansion continues o1 phragmoplasts become
83                        Generation of MTs for phragmoplast expansion during cytokinesis VIII.
84 ation of a Fused kinase signalling module in phragmoplast expansion that depends upon conserved struc
85  together with actin plays a role in guiding phragmoplast expansion to the cortical division site.
86 t myosins are important at multiple steps of phragmoplast expansion, and the O1 actin motor and POK-l
87 increases phragmoplast length and slows down phragmoplast expansion.
88  provides a molecular mechanism for steering phragmoplast expansion.
89 ze the coupling of cell plate formation with phragmoplast expansion.
90 keletal arrays, the preprophase band and the phragmoplast, facilitate the positioning and de novo ass
91 okinesis, the microtubule- and F-actin-based phragmoplast facilitates construction of a new cell wall
92 t on anaphase transition but causes aberrant phragmoplast formation and delays the completion of cyto
93                                     The mini-phragmoplasts formed between a given pair of nuclei prod
94                                          The phragmoplast forms at the cell center and expands to rea
95    Following nuclear division, a cytokinetic phragmoplast forms between the daughter nuclei and expan
96 s apparent during late cytokinesis, when the phragmoplast forms the nascent cell plate.
97                                   Failure in phragmoplast function results in aborted or incomplete c
98 hase band formation did not prevent accurate phragmoplast fusion, and subsequent cell plate formation
99 he same alanine substitutions had defects in phragmoplast guidance and reduced TAN1 and POK1 localiza
100 cover new functions for TAN1 and AIR9 during phragmoplast guidance and root morphogenesis.
101                                      Initial phragmoplast guidance in o1 is normal; however, as phrag
102   This regulatory function of MYA1/Myo11F in phragmoplast guidance was dependent on intact actin fila
103  (POKs), which are also required for correct phragmoplast guidance, physically interact with O1.
104          To understand how O1 contributes to phragmoplast guidance, we identified O1-interacting prot
105 s work together to ensure correct late-stage phragmoplast guidance.
106  and provide a lasting spatial reference for phragmoplast guidance.
107                                          The phragmoplast has a dynamic microtubule array of two mirr
108  example the FtsZ ring in bacteria [15], the phragmoplast in plants [16], and the actomyosin ring in
109                             In mutant cells, phragmoplasts in asymmetrically dividing cells are struc
110 centrosome, organization of the spindles and phragmoplasts in mitosis is known to involve the evoluti
111  the same time, the lateral expansion of the phragmoplast initials and their CPAMs gives rise to the
112  (ER) membranes are seen associated with the phragmoplast initials and with the TVN cell plate that i
113                                              Phragmoplast initials arise from clusters of polar micro
114 his process can be divided into four phases: phragmoplast initials, solid phragmoplast, transitional
115 tbooks is of a symmetrical process, with the phragmoplast initiating in the center of the cell and gr
116  by conspicuous retentions of MAP65-3 at the phragmoplast interior edge.
117 out this process, the advancing front of the phragmoplast is in intimate contact with the parental wa
118 rows the microtubule nucleation angle at the phragmoplast leading edge and functions as a microtubule
119  microtubule nucleation angle, but increases phragmoplast length and slows down phragmoplast expansio
120 errations in the spatial organization of the phragmoplast-like radial microtubule arrays (RMAs) at th
121 roximately 10 microtubules in each set) into phragmoplast-like structures termed mini-phragmoplasts b
122 reviously not recognized ectopic spindle- or phragmoplast-like structures that arise without attachme
123  Despite being a major characteristic of the phragmoplast, little is known about regulators of this p
124 inases indicated as ARABIDOPSIS NUCLEUS- AND PHRAGMOPLAST-LOCALIZED KINASE1-RELATED PROTEIN KINASE1 (
125 Plant cells assemble the bipolar spindle and phragmoplast microtubule (MT) arrays in the absence of t
126            It is not well understood how the phragmoplast microtubule array is organized.
127                                     Once the phragmoplast microtubule array was established, AtPAKRP1
128  the establishment and/or maintenance of the phragmoplast microtubule array.
129 ic role for alpha-Aurora in reorganizing the phragmoplast microtubule array.
130  are incorporated into cortical, spindle and phragmoplast microtubule arrays indicating that they are
131  (AtAurora1), spindle microtubules (AtEDE1), phragmoplast microtubules (AtMAP65-4) and the cell plate
132      During cytokinesis, it localized on the phragmoplast microtubules and on the cell plate.
133 that myosin VIII associates with the ends of phragmoplast microtubules and together with actin plays
134  play a critical role in the organization of phragmoplast microtubules during cytokinesis in the micr
135                              Simultaneously, phragmoplast microtubules remained belatedly in a solid
136 ta lead to a model whereby myosin VIII links phragmoplast microtubules to the cortical division site
137 beling experiments demonstrated that, unlike phragmoplast microtubules which are concentrated on the
138 in interphase, preprophase band, spindle and phragmoplast microtubules.
139 cells anti-DcKRP120-2 strongly decorates the phragmoplast mid-line where the plus ends of the microtu
140 -3, however, ectopic MAP65-1 appeared in the phragmoplast midline.
141 he middle, MAP65-3 exclusively decorated the phragmoplast midline.
142 gged End Binding1c (EB1c), took place in the phragmoplast midline.
143 , KINESIN-12E shares its localization at the phragmoplast midzone with several functionally diversifi
144 a-Aurora relocated from spindle poles to the phragmoplast midzone, where it interacted with the micro
145  by a diffuse association pattern across the phragmoplast midzone.
146 MAP65-3 associating with microtubules at the phragmoplast midzone.
147 ndles and later persisted in the spindle and phragmoplast midzones.
148 d variable spindle orientations and enhanced phragmoplast mobility, suggesting that the PPB is involv
149                                     When the phragmoplast MT array appeared in a mirror pair, AtPAKRP
150 ge at unified spindle poles, and the bipolar phragmoplast MT array frequently had discrete bundles wi
151  role in establishing and/or maintaining the phragmoplast MT array, and AtPAKRP2 may contribute to th
152 nesin-12 did during the establishment of the phragmoplast MT array.
153  augmin and gamma-tubulin on the spindle and phragmoplast MT arrays and leads to serious distortions
154  is associated with acentrosomal spindle and phragmoplast MT arrays in patterns indistinguishable fro
155 following the formation of elongated bipolar phragmoplast MT arrays in the mutant.
156 tion, defective cells exhibited disorganized phragmoplast MT arrays, which caused aborted cytokinesis
157 lope breakdown, they localize on spindle and phragmoplast MTs and on the reforming nuclear envelope o
158 scopy, we observed that certain antiparallel phragmoplast MTs overlapped and were bridged by electron
159                                Virtually all phragmoplast MTs terminate inside the CPAM.
160 MTs) preferentially toward spindle poles and phragmoplast MTs toward their minus ends.
161 ound to be essential for the organization of phragmoplast MTs.
162  transport along microtubules of the bipolar phragmoplast network that guides plate assembly [7-9].
163 imal cells is functionally equivalent to the phragmoplast of plants and acts to target secretion to t
164  along regions of microtubule overlap in the phragmoplast of the moss Physcomitrella patens.
165                      In addition, the mutant phragmoplasts often had disorganized MT bundles with une
166 genes in Arabidopsis thaliana (A. thaliana): PHRAGMOPLAST ORIENTING KINESIN 1 and 2 (POK1, POK2).
167        The pair of kinesin-12 class proteins PHRAGMOPLAST ORIENTING KINESIN1 (POK1) and POK2 are key
168 ow that the division site-localized protein, PHRAGMOPLAST ORIENTING KINESIN1 (POK1), was aberrantly l
169 e Arabidopsis thaliana division site markers PHRAGMOPLAST ORIENTING KINESINs (POKs), which are also r
170 he domain of overlapping microtubules at the phragmoplast perimeter, limiting the site of material de
171  coherent wide tubular network with the mini-phragmoplasts positioned along the network margins.
172 cal microtubules during telophase to mediate phragmoplast positioning at the final division plane.
173 phase microtubules are incorporated into the phragmoplast primarily by parallel bundling.
174                                   These mini-phragmoplasts produce a novel kind of cell plate, the sy
175        The addition of microtubules into the phragmoplast promotes fine-tuning of the positioning at
176 rst phase is confined to the cylinder of the phragmoplast proper and is followed by a second phase th
177                                     Once the phragmoplast reaches the cell cortex, cortical-telophase
178                                   Before the phragmoplast reaches the cell cortex, these cortical-tel
179    The mechanism responsible for guiding the phragmoplast remains largely unknown.
180 ion, rapid microtubule reorganization in the phragmoplast requires the orchestrated activities of mic
181 icle trafficking, they were required for the phragmoplast-specific motors Kinesin-12 and Phragmoplast
182                      During the transitional phragmoplast stage, the CPAM and MTs disassemble and the
183  continues to label the midline of the early phragmoplast, suggesting a structural continuity with th
184 PB is disassembled and directs the expanding phragmoplast to the former PPB site during cytokinesis.
185  AtTAN plays a role in guidance of expanding phragmoplasts to the former PPB site.
186 n guidance of the cytokinetic apparatus, the phragmoplast, to a cortical "division site" established
187  a spatial reminder that actively guides the phragmoplast towards the cortical division site during c
188 to four phases: phragmoplast initials, solid phragmoplast, transitional phragmoplast, and ring-shaped
189 analyzed the behavior of microtubules in the phragmoplast using live-cell imaging coupled with mathem
190  is followed by a second phase that deposits phragmoplast vesicles in a concentric fashion, resulting
191                                          The phragmoplast was also stained.
192 associated with the mitotic spindle, and the phragmoplast was depleted when GCP4 was downregulated.
193  antiparallel MTs in the central spindle and phragmoplast was largely abolished in mutant cells lacki
194           Consequently, the expansion of the phragmoplast was notably slower compared to wild-type ce
195 poral and spatial organization of PDL in the phragmoplast, we termed this protein 'phragmoplastin'.
196 rotubules at the leading edge of the matured phragmoplast were often disengaged, accompanied by consp
197 s, many Golgi stacks redistribute around the phragmoplast where the cell plate is formed.
198    Plant cytokinesis is brought about by the phragmoplast, which contains an antiparallel microtubule
199 nd (PPB) and the subsequent expansion of the phragmoplast, which deposits the new cell wall, to the c
200 depends on a cytoskeletal structure called a phragmoplast, which directs the formation of a new cell
201 lves a microtubule-containing structure, the phragmoplast, which guides the formation of new cell wal
202 zation of growing microtubules ends from the phragmoplast with TAN1 at the division site suggests tha

 
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