ライフサイエンスコーパス: plastics

1 erring to specific polymers instead of just "plastics".

2 0.002 mg/kg (fly ash) to 188 +/- 125 mg/kg (plastics).

3 aque material (metal, glass, stone, and some plastics).

4 es are starting to ban the use of single-use plastics.

5 behave as both robust networks and moldable plastics.

6 entives for improving the sustainable use of plastics.

7 at they could have similar impacts as marine plastics.

8 cally made of metals, silicon, ceramics, and plastics.

9 stonic larval fish and 91.8% of all floating plastics.

10 cations for the development of biodegradable plastics.

11 operties to those of most promising biobased plastics.

12 re approximately 30 times more abundant than plastics.

13 ropogenic and attributed to a combination of plastics.

14 s were used to analyze eight common types of plastics.

15 is, a species known to colonize the skin and plastics.

16 sustainable replacements for petroleum-based plastics.

17 cent progress made in the sustainable use of plastics.

18 sed to assess the consequence of exposure to plastics.

19 sk factors including obesity and exposure to plastics.

20 y alternative to traditional petroleum-based plastics.

21 yhydroxybutyrate (PHB) and bioethylene-based plastics.

22 iversity of MPL bacterial composition across plastics.

23 nd may confound comparisons of free-floating plastics.

24 ymer industry to increase the flexibility of plastics.

25 nd third to the leaching of additives of the plastics.

26 ncluding soaps, cosmetics, therapeutics, and plastics.

27 n made of polypropylene or polystyrene-based plastics.

28 e disruptor widely used in the production of plastics.

29 ngesting soils containing biosolids or waste plastics.

30 in personal care products, medications, and plastics.

31 yzed to estimate the release of seven common plastics.

32 plastic chemical nature differs greatly from plastics.

33 ater are principal sources for wet-deposited plastics.

34 aging is required to replace petroleum-based plastics.

35 tic detected, contributing to 69% of Sigma(6)plastics.

36 ogical deconstruction and upcycling of mixed plastics.

37 licability of the color information on ocean plastics.

38 ed, so has interest in the long term fate of plastics.

39 ting their broader applications as commodity plastics.

40 four main building blocks of thermoelectric plastics: (1) organic semiconductors and in particular c

41 e fish condition is affected by ingestion of plastics, 1203 individual fish of seven common North Sea

42 e products are always better than single-use plastics; (4) recycling and composting should be the hig

43 t 8.6% of individuals in slicks had ingested plastics, a 2.3-fold higher occurrence than larval fish

44 Here, we review the transport and effects of plastics across terrestrial, freshwater and marine envir

45 ical with a wide spectrum of applications in plastics, adhesives and thermal papers.

46 optimization, ii) monitor the degradation of plastics after exposure to harsh environmental condition

47 of fat, sugar, chemical processing aids and plastics, among other elements potentially detrimental t

48 ompared with a selection of common reference plastics and bio polymers.

49 economically viable approach to sustainable plastics and elastomers for a broad range of application

50 A (BPA) is widely used in the manufacture of plastics and epoxy resins and is prevalent in the aquati

51 a synthetic ingredient of the polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resins used in food containers, cans,

52 fect of biofouling on the polarity of marine plastics and estimated its potential contribution to the

53 dely used on a variety of substrates such as plastics and glass.

54 curacy for identifying type of both consumer plastics and marine plastic debris (MPD).

55 The majority of commodity plastics and materials are derived from petroleum-based

56 Joining dissimilar materials such as plastics and metals in engineered structures remains a c

57 n after acute exposure to both anthropogenic plastics and natural particles.

58 emicals, e.g., bisphenol A (BPA), present in plastics and other products that are prevalent in the en

59 vertical layers on exotic substrates such as plastics and papers.

60 The Plastics and Personal-Care Product use in Pregnancy (P4)

61 women from Ottawa Canada participated in the Plastics and Personal-Care Product Use in Pregnancy (P4)

62 s non-Si based substrates, including papers, plastics and polymers.

63 an be released during the entire lifespan of plastics and pose a threat to the environment and human

64 rizations defining various sources of marine plastics and removal of plastic particles because of bea

65 A (BPA) used in the manufacturing of various plastics and resins for food packaging and consumer prod

66 phenol A (BPA), a chemical incorporated into plastics and resins, has estrogenic activity and is asso

67 pe upon curing-have a key role in the modern plastics and rubber industries, comprising about 20 per

68 Equipment, Petroleum and Coal Products, and Plastics and Rubber subsectors are at the greatest risk

69 ed on an irresponsible linear consumption of plastics and the access to cheap oil, is creating seriou

70 d a dissipation of hazardous substances into plastics and the environment, it is recommended that mix

71 ack of reuse of the majority of the consumer plastics and their after-life disposal resulting in an i

72 the actual environmental risks of different plastics and their associated chemicals remain largely u

73 including low-cost carbon fibers, engineered plastics and thermoplastic elastomers, polymeric foams,

74 the understanding of the fate of particulate plastics and to assessing the associated environmental r

75 ith them: to adopt a circular consumption of plastics and to produce renewable carbon-neutral monomer

76 shrinking processes common to "heat-shrink" plastics, and can thus be used to create "shrink-to-fit"

77 materials in sediments, including aluminum, plastics, and concrete, coincides with global spikes in

78 copolymers that are hard, ductile, and tough plastics, and exhibit polyolefin-like thermal and mechan

79 ncluding soaps, toothpaste, medical devices, plastics, and fabrics) that are regulated by the U.S. Fo

80 cal feedstocks for the production of paints, plastics, and lubricants.

81 used in batteries, electronics, ammunitions, plastics, and many other industrial applications.

82 BP-3 or oxybenzone) is added to sunscreens, plastics, and some coatings to filter UV radiation.

83 -CoV-2 virus, which survives up to 3 days on plastics, and there are also broad impacts to ecosystems

84 persistent organic pollutant adsorbed to the plastics, and third to the leaching of additives of the

85 minations from handling and machining of the plastics, and were not identified with the pigments, alt

86 The ingestion of plastics appears to be widespread throughout the animal

87 Thermoelectric plastics are a class of polymer-based materials that com

88 known what the most dominant sinks of marine plastics are and on what time scales these operate.

89 Plastics are contaminants of emerging concern that can e

90 Plastics are essential in society as a widely available

91 Both macro- and micro-plastics are found in the ocean, but as yet little is kn

92 Plastics are known sources of chemical exposure and few,

93 Recycled plastics are low-value commodities due to residual impur

94 ndicate that both inputs and stocks of ocean plastics are much higher than determined previously.

95 Plastics are one of the most widely used materials and,

96 Plastics are persistent synthetic polymers that accumula

97 Because plastics are persistent, they fragment into pieces that

98 Plastics are recognized as a worldwide threat to the env

99 ojected that around 4700 metric tons (Mt) of plastics are released into the Australian environment th

100 Of this, 3700 Mt of plastics are released to agricultural lands and 140 Mt t

101 Plastics are synthetic polymers derived from fossil oil

102 Plastics are the most abundant form of marine debris, wi

103 us cinclus), to test the hypotheses that (1) plastics are transferred from prey to predators in river

104 Plastics are widely used, e.g. as casings of consumer el

105 eptiles, and fishes are directly impaired by plastics as they can get entangled in ropes and drown or

106 hotonics and optoelectronics, with glass and plastics as traditional choice of materials.

107 Concerns over the role of reusable plastics as vectors for SARS-CoV-2 virus contributed to

108 evidence of our ignorance about the fate of plastics, as well as transformations and sinks in the oc

109 sible switching from soft hydrogels to rigid plastics at elevated temperature is reported.

110 t of the samples contained plastics (Sigma(6)plastics) at concentrations of between 0.4 and 23.5 mg/g

111 eport a class of biorenewable and degradable plastics, based on copolymers of gamma-butyrolactone and

112 Plastics become rapidly colonized by microbes when relea

113 Analysis of the plastics by infrared spectroscopy showed a large abundan

114 The ingestion of plastics by larval fish could reduce survivorship, compo

115 Colistin adherence to plastics can be diminished by adding a surfactant, i.e.,

116 Plastics can be found in all ecosystems across the globe

117 r the sinks are found, and likely sources of plastics can be ranked in importance.

118 ter represents a mechanism by which floating plastics can be vertically transported away from surface

119 tions and products treated with RDP, such as plastics, can contain RDP impurities, byproducts and bre

120 In this study, we show that plastics casings of electric/electronic devices containi

121 d proof-of-concept structures made from hard plastics, ceramic precursors, and elastomers have been p

122 er with potential commercial applications in plastics, chemicals, and feed markets.

123 ate the estrogenic activity of components of plastics coming from electronics' casings.

124 Of 34 compounds detected, one plastics component (bisphenol A), three pharmaceuticals

125 Bisphenol A (BPA), a plastics component, has been described to impart adverse

126 Environmentally relevant exposure of plastics compounded with one flame retardant and four ul

127 With single use plastics comprising almost half of yearly plastic produc

128 The waste plastics consisted of plastics from a motor oil containe

129 y contaminated by various PAEs released from plastics, consumer products as well as ambient suspended

130 Thus, plastics contain a complex blend of stabilizers that pre

131 Because marine plastics contain an array of hazardous compounds, the ch

132 Our study demonstrates that consumer plastics contain compounds that are toxic in vitro but r

133 ferred from prey to predators in rivers, (2) plastics contained in prey are transferred by adults to

134 microplastics because our libraries include plastics containing a range of additives and pigments th

135 easible disposal routes for nonbiodegradable plastics containing any of the five tested biodegradatio

136 DP-[Phe]) and RDP oligomers were detected in plastics containing high levels of RDP.

137 Pollution from ethylene glycol, and plastics containing this monomer, represent a significan

138 As nonbiodegradable plastics continue to pollute our land and oceans, countr

139 contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbons or plastics debris.

140 trated on both unfluorinated and fluorinated plastics, demonstrating high tracer recoveries and detec

141 spatial and temporal data, we tested whether plastics deposited in wet versus dry conditions have dis

142 By contrast, plastics deposited under dry conditions were smaller in

143 Plastics display great variation of bacterial community

144 monstrating sub-basin scale heterogeneity in plastics distribution and likely reflecting a complex in

145 ng and chemical identification of sub-20 mum plastics, down to the 50 nm range.

146 , assessment of contamination and impacts of plastics driven by the pandemic will be required once th

147 crine-disrupting chemicals that are added to plastics during manufacturing and may leach out once the

148 xtraordinary efforts to transform the global plastics economy are needed.

149 mple compounds, increasing evidence suggests plastics entering the environment are mechanically, phot

150 A (BPA) is widely used in the manufacture of plastics, epoxy resins, and certain paper products.

151 ety of everyday consumer products, including plastics, epoxy resins, and cosmetics.

152 Surprisingly, none of the plastics exposed to offshore conditions displayed the ty

153 free fatty acids and phosphatidic acid) and plastics exposure (monophthalate esters).

154 al size to estimate the size distribution of plastics feasibly ingested by animals.

155 -defined polymers in areas such as synthetic plastics, fibers, rubbers, coatings, and composites.

156 ge-scale survey of neustonic micro- and meso-plastics floating in Mediterranean waters, providing the

157 te electric and electronic equipment (WEEE), plastics, fly ash, bottom ash, and digestate), leachate

158 -volume and low-cost production of commodity plastics for the discovery of modern materials.

159 However, in structural plastics, for which damage warning is most critical, thi

160 The waste plastics consisted of plastics from a motor oil container (MOC), commercial wa

161 dditives from plastics into the environment, plastics from consumer electronics likely constitute a s

162 We analyzed both plastics from electrical/electronic equipment that conta

163 evel allows us to unambiguously discriminate plastics from organic matter and mineral sediments, over

164 centrations of hazardous substances in mixed plastics from WEEE and their implications for an environ

165 he environment, it is recommended that mixed plastics from WEEE are subject to a strict quality manag

166 udy included 53 sampling campaigns for mixed plastics from WEEE.

167 lectrolytes to all tested surfaces including plastics, glasses, metals and biological materials.

168 and accumulation of highly stable commercial plastics has led to substantial contamination of the env

169 al concerns, the fate and adverse effects of plastics have attracted considerable interest in the pas

170 tly, wearable and flexible bioelectronics on plastics have attracted great interest for healthcare, s

171 ion nautical miles, based on records of when plastics have become entangled on a towed marine sampler

172 Plastics have become indispensable in modern life and th

173 This has led to increased concern as plastics have become prevalent in the oceanic environmen

174 A range of biodegradable plastics have been developed with the aspiration of redu

175 ibuted to the reversal of bans on single-use plastics, highly supported by the plastic industry.

176 aterials and products, including elastomers, plastics, hydrogels, flexible electronics, resins, engin

177 cluding the challenges involved in detecting plastics in a biological environment.

178 quantify sources, sinks, fluxes and fates of plastics in catchments and transitional waters both inde

179 nd identification of potential migrants from plastics in challenging samples such as honey.

180 The gaps between bio- and conventional plastics in food packaging are elucidated.

181 rstanding of the distribution and effects of plastics in other ecosystems.

182 confirm a significant increase in open ocean plastics in recent decades.

183 increasing presence of micro- and nano-sized plastics in the environment and food chain is of growing

184 location, abundance and size distribution of plastics in the environment, it cannot be assumed that a

185 ns and to thereby reduce the accumulation of plastics in the environment.

186 tely are needed to solve the bigger issue of plastics in the environment.

187 Plastics in the marine environment have become a major c

188 he fate and distribution of micro- and nano- plastics in the marine environment is limited by the int

189 A new mass balance is made for floating plastics in the Mediterranean: for 2015, there is an est

190 Up to 80% of the plastics in the oceans are believed to have been transfe

191 ncentrations, characteristics and impacts of plastics in the oceans.

192 While not underestimating the importance of plastics in the prevention of COVID-19 transmission, it

193 links in marine food webs to the fate of the plastics in the water column.

194 s of the distribution and temporal trends of plastics in the world's oceans exist.

195 many of the desirable properties of organic plastics, including mechanical flexibility and low produ

196 n the future, this trend may continue as the plastics industry also is expected to be a major user of

197 We predict that plastics ingestion is increasing in seabirds, that it wi

198 rature and hydrophobicity, to classify ocean plastics into fast, medium, and slow degradation categor

199 to the plausible migration of additives from plastics into the environment, plastics from consumer el

200 d Th mass concentrations in high radiopurity plastics is described, consisting of (1) dry ashing the

201 of turbidity currents to transport and bury plastics is essentially unstudied.

202 indings show that the total concentration of plastics is highly variable among species and that micro

203 of the complex chemical mixtures present in plastics is missing.

204 velopment of bioalternatives to conventional plastics is now a priority of the food packaging industr

205 e carbon nanotubes (CNTs) derived from waste plastics is reported here using a pyrolysis-reforming te

206 owed that, for at least seven years, sampled plastics likely did not originate from latitudes lower t

207 Analysis of the plastics lineage F3 generation sperm epigenome previousl

208 d F3 generation male and female animals from plastics lineages.

209 Despite this increase and clear evidence of plastics loss into the oceans, including a substantial s

210 rea of white biotechnology has delivered bio-plastics, low temperature enzyme detergents and a host o

211 The life cycle of nanoscale pigments in plastics may cause environmental or human exposure by va

212 and secondary colonizers across the various plastics may indicate different stages of bacterial colo

213 th fragmentation and discolouration of ocean plastics may occur because of longer exposure time to su

214 rming capabilities analogous to conventional plastics, metallic glasses are emerging as a modern engi

215 ero waste" efforts that eliminate single-use plastics minimize the environmental impacts of an event.

216 osed to either the "plastics" or "lower dose plastics" mixture during embryonic days 8 to 14 of gonad

217 ly accelerating expression of global change, plastics now occur extensively in freshwater ecosystems,

218 Following previous observations that plastics occur widely in their prey, we used a field stu

219 nd surgery (general surgery, otolaryngology, plastics, oculoplastics, surgical oncology) at an academ

220 Considering that plastics of other sizes and polymer types will be found

221 veloped by recovering 101% to 111% of spiked plastics on glass beads and was then applied to a compos

222 ddressed the physical effects of large-sized plastics on organisms, whereas few have focused on plast

223 y to model the degradation behavior of ocean plastics or understand if degradation is possible?

224 neration females were exposed to either the "plastics" or "lower dose plastics" mixture during embryo

225 Lower charging rates of rich wastes (plastics, paper, etc.) or diminishing heating values, re

226 m food contact materials (FCMs) that include plastics, paper, metal, glass, and printing inks.

227 Microplastics, plastics particles <5 mm in length, are a widespread pol

228 Thus, more and smaller plastics particles, termed microplastics, reside in the

229 isciplinary team of specialists (oculofacial plastics, pediatric ophthalmology, neuro-ophthalmology,

230 Deposition rates averaged 132 plastics per square meter per day, which amounts to >100

231 rganic molecules in biological cells, foods, plastics, petrochemicals, fuels, and the environment.

232 Plastics pollution represents a global environmental cri

233 henols (NPs) with the surfaces of two common plastics, poly(styrene) and poly(ethylene terephthalate)

234 ommodity chemicals used in the production of plastics, polyesters, nylons, fragrances, and medication

235 ombined mass of just the three most-littered plastics (polyethylene, polypropylene, and polystyrene)

236 Here, we show that next-generation plastics-polymerized using dynamic covalent diketoenamin

237 ility, and functions to replace nonrenewable plastics, polymers, and metals.

238 Plastics pose ecological and human health risks, with di

239 increasing, and degradation of the disposed plastics produces smaller particles toward the nano scal

240 The current scale of plastics production and the accompanying waste disposal

241 Since the start of commercial plastics production in the 1940s, global production has

242 concentration that tracked cumulative global plastics production.

243 ts the unique advantages that thermoelectric plastics promise to offer.

244 plastics recycling facility in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada

245 estimated input of 2100-3400 tonnes, and of plastics released since 2006, about 170-420 tonnes remai

246 Per-capita mass loads of plastics (Sigma(6)plastics) released were between 8 and 877 g/person/year

247 se of sediment and seawater, indicating that plastics represent a distinct environmental niche.

248 lso disproportionately accumulated prey-size plastics, resulting in a 60-fold higher ratio of plastic

249 om the first commercial polymers through the plastics revolution of the 20(th) century to today, ther

250 ltraviolet light filters, are widely used in plastics, rubbers, colorants, and coatings to increase t

251 Four out of eight of the analyzed plastics samples showed the presence of estrogenic compo

252 Ninety nine percent of the samples contained plastics (Sigma(6)plastics) at concentrations of between

253 Per-capita mass loads of plastics (Sigma(6)plastics) released were between 8 and

254 found that biofouling alters the polarity of plastics significantly; this is from (near) hydrophobic

255 s, including hydrogels, ceramics, metals and plastics, significantly abrogated foreign body reactions

256 become an alternative product to traditional plastics since they are biodegradable and are produced f

257 rs are promoting the reduction of single-use plastics, some manufacturers are creating new plastic pa

258 tructural materials (e.g., natural polymers, plastics, steels, and alloys).

259 To improve physical characteristics of plastics such as flexibility and durability, producers e

260 Small forms of plastics such as micro- and nanoplastics can interact wi

261 and sustainable approaches to degrade robust plastics such as nylons.

262 Common plastics such as polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP),

263 x formed in thermal processes using recycled plastics such as polyethylene (PE).

264 -77 degrees C, comparable with high-strength plastics such as polyethylene terephthalate.

265 many of the most advantageous properties of plastics such as their chemical, physical and biological

266 rks are fundamental from cellular biology to plastics technology but their intrinsic inhomogeneity is

267 rganic UV-filters, in addition to its use in plastics, textiles, paints, and pesticides.

268 , and water leachate of weathered single-use plastics that contained micro- and nanosized particles.

269 Plastics that undergo reversible polymerization allow hi

270 Between the two plastics, the LDPE lined pouch showed a considerably hig

271 continuous efforts to develop biodegradable plastics, the mechanical and/or transport properties of

272 al that exists in the biofilms that colonize plastics-the Plastisphere-to effectively biodegrade plas

273 f the biotransformations that can affect the plastics themselves following ingestion and excretion.

274 a quantifiable link between animals and the plastics they can ingest.

275 tly across 12 specialties (range OR 0.65 for plastics to 1.29 for transplant surgery).

276 alculate the fraction of total HOC sorbed by plastics to be small compared to that sorbed by other me

277 aecal pellets can facilitate the transfer of plastics to coprophagous biota.

278 y, AAS efficiently converts a range of waste plastics to hydrocarbons at significantly lower temperat

279 tics, resulting in a 60-fold higher ratio of plastics to larval fish prey than nearby waters.

280 This strategy enables macroscopic plastics to respond quickly to specific applied molecula

281 he rate of response of CDr-based macroscopic plastics to specific applied signals.

282 e a major transport pathway for land-derived plastics to the open ocean but are relatively understudi

283 eas in this remote part of the world, fed by plastics transported to the North via the Thermohaline C

284 , NP deposits and orders differently on both plastics under humid versus dry environments.

285 person/year, which represents 0.13% of total plastics use in Australia.

286 evant microplastics and chemically profiling plastics used in toxicity testing.

287 The relative plastics vs paper mass ratios in particular result in an

288 tion showed that white wine packaged in both plastics was of acceptable quality for 3 months vs. at l

289 Plastics were found in 7 of 8 families dissected, includ

290 Plastics were found in all 107 samples, with a maximum c

291 No plastics were found in gray gurnard and mackerel.

292 e particles visually identified as potential plastics were revealed by micro-spectroscopy to be miner

293 Suspected plastics were successfully classified as plastics with a

294 htly inferior to elephant ivory and selected plastics, while retaining the visual appeal of a natural

295 es with different plastic concentrations, or plastics with a higher affinity for POPs.

296 ted plastics were successfully classified as plastics with an accuracy of 86%.

297 Plastics with defined absorbance characteristics provide

298 les spanning 70 nm-20 mum in size, including plastics with differing surface properties, and tested t

299 crystal field-effect transistors on flexible plastics with electron mobilities of 21.7 square centime

300 The replacement of current petroleum-based plastics with sustainable alternatives is a crucial but

301 cs with our ecological system is to identify plastics within environmental samples.