ライフサイエンスコーパス: pleiotropic effect

1 n analysis does not indicate that there is a pleiotropic effect.

2 on early root growth through a developmental pleiotropic effect.

3 ceptibility loci and to detect and interpret pleiotropic effects.

4 mm CuSO4, a condition that did not generate pleiotropic effects.

5 pires to promote aggressive behavior through pleiotropic effects.

6 dependent of LDL-cholesterol lowering called pleiotropic effects.

7 new possibilities, including the analysis of pleiotropic effects.

8 locus discovery and providing suggestions of pleiotropic effects.

9 network suggesting complex interactions and pleiotropic effects.

10 phenotypes are heritable with no measurable pleiotropic effects.

11 hted median approach provided no evidence of pleiotropic effects.

12 s of different effectors as well as by their pleiotropic effects.

13 n D supplementation in inducing bactericidal pleiotropic effects.

14 s well as IL-5, demonstrating that IL-33 has pleiotropic effects.

15 s for correlated and uncorrelated horizontal pleiotropic effects.

16 and plasticity overlapped, suggesting major pleiotropic effects.

17 ene fusions, multiple RNA splice variants or pleiotropic effects.

18 unded, derived from their lipid lowering and pleiotropic effects.

19 sessment of potential simvastatin-associated pleiotropic effects.

20 bipolar disorder, suggesting that they have pleiotropic effects.

21 by the vast array of neuropeptides and their pleiotropic effects.

22 SCZ although with incomplete penetrance and pleiotropic effects.

23 nd thrombosis; however, it also has multiple pleiotropic effects.

24 lation, leading to the potential of cellular pleiotropic effects.

25 pes in case-control studies and in detecting pleiotropic effects.

26 ircadian clock is independent from the other pleiotropic effects.

27 as in humans, alleles governing growth have pleiotropic effects.

28 an important anti-inflammatory cytokine with pleiotropic effects.

29 ost-translationally, may explain many of the pleiotropic effects.

30 rafficking they may underlie statin specific pleiotropic effects.

31 Many of them show strong pleiotropic effects.

32 ion to detect polymorphisms with potentially pleiotropic effects.

33 ngs, indicating either off-target effects or pleiotropic effects.

34 We identified five variants with potentially pleiotropic effects.

35 Butyrate is a microbial metabolite with pleiotropic effects.

36 omeres is poorly understood because ROS have pleiotropic effects.

37 e are eQTL with univariate and multivariate (pleiotropic) effects.

38 tive oxygen species production, and causes a pleiotropic effect affecting several biological processe

39 mplex with FGFR and FGF23 and that sKlotho's pleiotropic effects all depend on FGF23.

40 Large-scale simulation experiments without pleiotropic effects also corroborated these results.

41 The genetic markers did not show evidence of pleiotropic effects and accounting for tobacco exposure

42 o one founder, we could validate examples of pleiotropic effects and complex allelic series at a locu

43 However, pleiotropic effects and poor bioavailability make exogen

44 he compound as an RXR agonist explaining the pleiotropic effects and report its systematic structure-

45 ed due to several limitations, including its pleiotropic effects and short half-life.

46 bers of traits declared significant, overall pleiotropic effects, and extent of apparent modularity o

47 treating cancer, but these drugs often have pleiotropic effects, and identifying patients who will b

48 ies for drug targets can inform indications, pleiotropic effects, and pharmacological mechanisms.

49 S, but the molecular targets mediating these pleiotropic effects are incompletely understood.

50 g levels of lipid mediators, suggesting that pleiotropic effects are not associated with eicosanoid p

51 chanisms by which mutant GFAP leads to these pleiotropic effects are unknown.

52 e stochastic accumulation of mutations whose pleiotropic effects are unpredictable.

53 It is thought that PP-IPs exert their pleiotropic effects as allosteric regulators and through

54 CAD, but it's shown as a risk factor due to pleiotropic effects associated with LDL-c and HDL-c SNPs

55 nts for the dominant gene action and diverse pleiotropic effects associated with the Li1 mutation.

56 Their inhibition is predicted to have pleiotropic effects, but it is unclear whether this will

57 Vitamin D has various cardiovascular pleiotropic effects by activating its nuclear receptor i

58 own lipid-lowering capacities, statins exert pleiotropic effects by direct inhibition of the mevalona

59 te for TF evolution that alleviates negative pleiotropic effects by modularly gaining new binding sit

60 However, pleiotropic effects can complicate analyses.

61 ch reduced RCO protein stability, preventing pleiotropic effects caused by its altered gene expressio

62 ject of intense investigation because of its pleiotropic effects controlling a broad spectrum of cell

63 However, toxicities associated with their pleiotropic effects could contribute to the ineffectiven

64 ppaB activity blocks heart regeneration with pleiotropic effects, decreasing both cardiomyocyte proli

65 A systematic evaluation of pleiotropic effects demonstrated a high tendency for lep

66 nia; however, it is unknown if this reflects pleiotropic effects, direct causality or some shared thi

67 Deletion of qseC leads to pleiotropic effects due to unregulated activation of the

68 The results show ORMDL3 has pleiotropic effects during cellular inflammation, consis

69 Matricellular proteins mediate pleiotropic effects during tissue injury and repair.

70 ferred to as class II substitutions, exhibit pleiotropic effects during virus replication.

71 Given the pleiotropic effects exerted by estrogens, other response

72 tudies have raised the possibility of such a pleiotropic effect for the epsilon4 allele in short-term

73 Our results identified pleiotropic effects for an IRD-causing variant and provi

74 ZmMADS69 shows pleiotropic effects for multiple traits of agronomic imp

75 Among these loci, only four exhibited pleiotropic effects for PC and WSPC, explaining the low

76 sperm nutritional quality but cause negative pleiotropic effects for reasons that are not fully under

77 ify Hsc70-4 as a SCA3 enhancer, and indicate pleiotropic effects from HSP70 chaperones, which are gen

78 s vitamin D receptors and that vitamin D has pleiotropic effects has prompted an increased interest i

79 lar and genetic interactions leading to this pleiotropic effect have not yet been fully explored.

80 have been identified to alter cell size, but pleiotropic effects have largely hampered our ability to

81 renia (SCZ) and autism and often demonstrate pleiotropic effects; however, their frequencies in the g

82 SGCE mutations are likely to have a pleiotropic effect in causing both motor and specific ps

83 Here we report that this mutation induces pleiotropic effects in Coro1A protein, including the exa

84 TGF-beta1 has pleiotropic effects in different disease models and gene

85 sphatase of regenerating liver-3 (PRL-3) has pleiotropic effects in driving cancer progression, yet t

86 attracted enormous attention owing to their pleiotropic effects in early host defense to infection a

87 We identify variants with pleiotropic effects in eight loci, including seven estab

88 e has an important role in kidney injury and pleiotropic effects in fibrosis.

89 Our findings establish FAT1 as a gene with pleiotropic effects in human, in that frameshift mutatio

90 Disruption of members of this family causes pleiotropic effects in many organisms by unknown mechani

91 receptor 1 (AdipoR1) mediates adiponectin's pleiotropic effects in muscle and liver and plays an imp

92 investigate multiple outcomes for additional pleiotropic effects in the 8q24 region.

93 itamin A has been shown to have dominant and pleiotropic effects in the intestine.

94 Critically, pleiotropic effects in the mutated library are most like

95 ar composition and that its absence produces pleiotropic effects in this component of the plant extra

96 L and screened it in vitro for those showing pleiotropic effects in virulence phenotypes (reduced swa

97 GA has shown pleiotropic effects in vitro, including: antitumor effec

98 the control of local translation, which has pleiotropic effects, in particular on synaptic function.

99 The peptide hormone ghrelin exerts pleiotropic effects including the stimulation of growth

100 E and StBMI1-1-antisense (AS) lines produced pleiotropic effects, including altered leaf architecture

101 lbene, found in grapes and berries, exhibits pleiotropic effects, including anti-inflammatory, antiox

102 in a model species Nicotiana benthamiana had pleiotropic effects, including but not limited to severe

103 miR-24 tightly controls VWF levels through pleiotropic effects, including direct binding to the 3'

104 In addition, miR-mdh-1 plants exhibit strong pleiotropic effects, including dwarfism, reductions in c

105 Deletion of BbcreA resulted in pleiotropic effects, including nutrient toxicity, leadin

106 ophosphate (cAMP) is a second messenger with pleiotropic effects, including regulating neuroinflammat

107 poptosis (TWEAK) and its receptor Fn14 exert pleiotropic effects, including regulation of myogenesis.

108 The basis of pleiotropic effect is rather complex, attributable to a

109 How CD30 generates these pleiotropic effects is currently unknown.

110 IL-2, a cytokine with pleiotropic effects, is critical for immune cell activat

111 effect testing in the presence of horizontal pleiotropic effects, is reasonably robust under various

112 nd sensitivity analysis to address potential pleiotropic effects led to no substantive change in esti

113 This is largely due to their minimal pleiotropic effects, limiting their impact to one partic

114 ption of individual factors often results in pleiotropic effects, making it difficult to discern regu

115 These pleiotropic effects may contribute to the effects of DPP

116 astatin is a cholesterol-lowering drug whose pleiotropic effects may have a therapeutic impact on bon

117 iate methods to discover novel, reproducible pleiotropic effects.Multivariate analysis methods can un

118 s result in cilia dysfunction, often causing pleiotropic effects observed in a group of human disease

119 These results, along with the pleiotropic effects observed in nfc101/nfc102 downregula

120 ur results expose a potentially antagonistic pleiotropic effect of AFPs: beneficial freezing avoidanc

121 ic mutant of the ARP2/3 complex suggested no pleiotropic effect of ARPC2 beyond its function in the c

122 tion is crucial to understanding the complex pleiotropic effect of cancer genes and provides a possib

123 In lieu of the pleiotropic effect of CD8alpha(+) DCs in HSV-1 latency,

124 on involving a suppressor mutation and for a pleiotropic effect of H on plant growth that might const

125 Microarray data analysis showed a pleiotropic effect of htrA on the transcriptome of C. di

126 ormed heterogeneity tests to disentangle the pleiotropic effect of IVs.

127 Our results suggest a pleiotropic effect of JQ1 on pathways that have shown to

128 This pleiotropic effect of sitagliptin may explain the reduct

129 EDH in the MCA, and represents a beneficial pleiotropic effect of statin treatment.

130 at CCDC88B is the morbid gene underlying the pleiotropic effect of the 11q13 locus on inflammation.

131 nclusion, the authors have observed a strong pleiotropic effect of the 8q24 region in a large prospec

132 The pleiotropic effect of Usp9X during Ag-receptor signaling

133 ial sources for these discrepancies were the pleiotropic effects of a general blockade of specific in

134 To discover putative effectors for the pleiotropic effects of AEE788, proteome-wide changes in

135 These data demonstrate the pleiotropic effects of anti-PD-L1 therapy on both virus-

136 with in vivo CRISPR screens, we show how the pleiotropic effects of autophagy control cancer-cell-int

137 ature degradation, steady activation, and/or pleiotropic effects of cAMP agonists and antagonists; (i

138 Pleiotropic effects of CcfM on magnetosome chain organiz

139 The pleiotropic effects of cholesterol include alterations i

140 h blood CO levels but likely result from the pleiotropic effects of CO on cellular mitochondrial resp

141 Given a broad spectrum of pleiotropic effects of coxibs, our intention was to narr

142 ranslation in Drosophila We propose that the pleiotropic effects of dbf loss-of-function mutants are

143 eve significant expression knockdown and the pleiotropic effects of EB1 and APC gene knockdown.

144 alysis (HEFT) that identifies individual and pleiotropic effects of eQTL in the presence of hidden fa

145 Additional analyses identified the pleiotropic effects of eSNPs from the published GWAS cat

146 We observe pleiotropic effects of expression predictors for a numbe

147 These studies highlight the pleiotropic effects of genes that determine autoimmune d

148 lution bypassing constraints associated with pleiotropic effects of genes.

149 Investigating the pleiotropic effects of genetic variants can increase sta

150 nsitivity analyses support an inference that pleiotropic effects of genetic variants on urate and met

151 ns of this study include potential bias from pleiotropic effects of genetic variants, and lack of gen

152 ate dogs and other animals and (2) potential pleiotropic effects of genetic variation affecting dog o

153 ling are well characterized in many tissues, pleiotropic effects of GPCR agonists limit investigation

154 The pleiotropic effects of histamine are mediated by four G

155 ry diseases may have arisen, in part, due to pleiotropic effects of host resistance to pathogens over

156 also termed mat-c, mutants to determine the pleiotropic effects of HvCEN on developmental timing and

157 CRBN is responsible for the pleiotropic effects of IMiDs, yet its function in angiog

158 gle-trait association, potentially revealing pleiotropic effects of individual genes.

159 iation studies, autoimmune-related and other pleiotropic effects of lung function-associated variants

160 ile acid metabolism, antibiotic use, and the pleiotropic effects of microbially produced metabolites.

161 The widespread pleiotropic effects of most mutations may constrain the

162 genetic diversity together with the positive pleiotropic effects of mutations have allowed TSWV to ra

163 can modulate autoimmune disease without the pleiotropic effects of nonselective reagents and, thus,

164 he observed yield increase is accompanied by pleiotropic effects of Ppd-H1 resulting in shorter life

165 influenced the rate, genetic mechanisms, and pleiotropic effects of resistance to ciprofloxacin in Ac

166 stemic evaluation of GWAS data supported the pleiotropic effects of RGS1 and RASGRP1 variants in medi

167 in restriction and choline deficiency on the pleiotropic effects of rodent ketogenic diets, we studie

168 with SSc, provided further insight into the pleiotropic effects of shared autoimmune risk factors, a

169 understanding of the beneficial and harmful pleiotropic effects of statin therapy.

170 We assessed whether the pleiotropic effects of statins can reduce delirium in in

171 The pleiotropic effects of statins, 3-hydroxy-3 methylglutar

172 The pleiotropic effects of statins, such as immunomodulation

173 ecreases in plasma LDL cholesterol and other pleiotropic effects of statins.

174 al contexts of plant life while avoiding the pleiotropic effects of system-wide losses of gene functi

175 Particularly notable are the pleiotropic effects of the BAK1 variant on multiple haem

176 s of this study relate to possible bias from pleiotropic effects of the considered genetic variants a

177 s of this study relate to possible bias from pleiotropic effects of the considered genetic variants a

178 This study reveals the pleiotropic effects of the FGFR2 Y394C mutation evidence

179 However, because pleiotropic effects of the genetic variants studied cann

180 We propose that pleiotropic effects of the HPT axis may favour longevity

181 eceptor-specific signaling outcomes from the pleiotropic effects of the ligands.

182 The pleiotropic effects of the mutant gene also include cogn

183 We also detected pleiotropic effects of these adaptations on a wide range

184 ether, these findings support the well-known pleiotropic effects of these CNVs suggesting shared abno

185 ls and even that of their offspring, but the pleiotropic effects of these factors have posed a challe

186 lts reveal a mechanism by which A20 mediates pleiotropic effects of TNFalpha playing role in aggressi

187 analysis in the UK Biobank demonstrates the pleiotropic effects of TSH-associated variants and a pol

188 Our findings highlight the pleiotropic effects of TSH-associated variants on thyroi

189 l complexity of tubulinopathies reflects the pleiotropic effects of tubulins and their specific spati

190 ion to metabolism, suggesting that THC had a pleiotropic effect on gene expression in immune cells.

191 The locus also has a pleiotropic effect on grain width (1.5%) during late gra

192 .116346115C > A (rs144636307) in RGS3 showed pleiotropic effect on left ventricular mass index, left

193 that functions extracellularly and exhibits pleiotropic effect on multiple intracellular signaling p

194 nnel/pump/connexin transcripts, indicating a pleiotropic effect on the electrical phenotype of myofib

195 r each of these 12 genes to assess potential pleiotropic effects on 700 complex traits and diseases.

196 TGF-beta has pleiotropic effects on adaptive immunity, especially in

197 osomal dominant mutations with antagonistic, pleiotropic effects on all three of these biological pro

198 We analyze models with pleiotropic effects on all traits at all loci but by var

199 of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) have shown pleiotropic effects on bone metabolism and anti-inflamma

200 analysis to demonstrate genetic factors with pleiotropic effects on bone mineral density and lean mas

201 Atorvastatin (ATV) has shown pleiotropic effects on bone tissue, and osteoporosis can

202 IL-21 is a class I cytokine that exerts pleiotropic effects on both innate and adaptive immune r

203 nalysis could mean that there are genes with pleiotropic effects on both traits, or that separate gen

204 sity in children, and show genetic loci with pleiotropic effects on both traits.

205 th factor 21 (FGF21), a peptide hormone with pleiotropic effects on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism

206 summary, there are genomic regions exerting pleiotropic effects on cardiovascular disease risk facto

207 a, and suggest that sensitivity is driven by pleiotropic effects on cell growth and apoptotic pathway

208 ocytoplasmic RNA-binding protein that exerts pleiotropic effects on cell growth and tumorigenesis.

209 (TGF-beta) is a key regulatory molecule with pleiotropic effects on cell growth, migration, and invas

210 non-essential amino acid, glutamine, exerts pleiotropic effects on cell metabolism, signalling and s

211 aggregation, changes in gene expression, and pleiotropic effects on cell phenotype.

212 r details of IFN signaling, catalogued their pleiotropic effects on cells, and harnessed their therap

213 However, despite their pleiotropic effects on cells, little is known about the

214 Despite pleiotropic effects on cells, the role of these epoxyeic

215 roteinase 1 (TIMP1), a secreted protein with pleiotropic effects on cellular growth, survival and int

216 C pathway, activated protein C (aPC), exerts pleiotropic effects on coagulation, fibrinolysis, and in

217 These data demonstrate that LytA has pleiotropic effects on complement activation, a finding

218 variation at a pathway locus also indicated pleiotropic effects on contractility and blood pressure.

219 ntify and characterize genetic variants with pleiotropic effects on cytokines.

220 These pleiotropic effects on different T cell populations duri

221 s well as 16 undefined associated loci, have pleiotropic effects on different traits.

222 e-specific deleterious effects, antagonistic pleiotropic effects on early and late-age fitness compon

223 h TULP4 presenting as a strong candidate for pleiotropic effects on eBMD and gene expression in osteo

224 This variant has pleiotropic effects on eye, hair, and skin pigmentation.

225 t directly on the traits, or indirectly from pleiotropic effects on fitness.

226 The pleiotropic effects on gene transcription in response to

227 ion of transformed progenitors, but also has pleiotropic effects on hematopoiesis.

228 Integrin-specific hydrogels have diverse pleiotropic effects on hMSC reparative activities, modul

229 ighly pathogenic RNA viruses, likely mediate pleiotropic effects on host gene expression, presumably

230 , a small-molecule inhibitor of dynamin, has pleiotropic effects on HSV-1 and HSV-2 infection and imp

231 neuropsychiatric disorders, suggesting that pleiotropic effects on human complex traits may be wides

232 d SNPs in the promoter of MFAP2 that exhibit pleiotropic effects on human disease traits.

233 ically promotes the autoimmunity through its pleiotropic effects on immune cells.

234 Since statins have pleiotropic effects on inflammation and coagulation that

235 Given TGF-beta's pleiotropic effects on inflammation and fibrogenesis, we

236 ptor (PPAR)-gamma is a nuclear receptor with pleiotropic effects on lipid metabolism, inflammation, a

237 serum total bile acid concentrations and had pleiotropic effects on liver mass, serum cholesterol, an

238 id receptors (GRs), this steroid hormone has pleiotropic effects on many cell types.

239 Although C1QBP has been reported to exert pleiotropic effects on many cellular processes, we repor

240 analyses were conducted to examine possible pleiotropic effects on metabolic traits of the genetic v

241 luding caloric restriction impose beneficial pleiotropic effects on metabolism.

242 Aberrantly expressed lncRNAs in HCC exert pleiotropic effects on miRNAs, mRNAs, and proteins.

243 hift in the gut microbiome could explain its pleiotropic effects on multiple complex diseases includi

244 ve of the dietary trait-associated loci have pleiotropic effects on multiple human complex diseases a

245 ndirect selection on mutations through their pleiotropic effects on multiple phenotypes.

246 nomic risk for neuropsychiatric disorder has pleiotropic effects on multiple processes and neural cir

247 is highlights how the same mutation can have pleiotropic effects on one functional state of a protein

248 eptiles and indicating that these loci exert pleiotropic effects on other aspects of physiology.

249 les, leaves, roots, and culms supporting the pleiotropic effects on plant architecture.

250 ain productivity of indica cultivars through pleiotropic effects on plant architecture.

251 genes Ppd-H1, Sdw1, Vrn-H1 and Vrn-H3 exert pleiotropic effects on plant development and grain yield

252 Nitric oxide (NO) exerts pleiotropic effects on plant development; however, its i

253 ation and specialized metabolism, leading to pleiotropic effects on plant growth and development.

254 d wheat produced an awnletted phenotype with pleiotropic effects on plant height and fertility.

255 chizophrenia in health care settings and has pleiotropic effects on related psychiatric disorders as

256 Estrogens exert pleiotropic effects on reproductive traits, which includ

257 identify a historical substitution that has pleiotropic effects on S100A9 proinflammatory activity a

258 ) is critical for angiogenesis, but also has pleiotropic effects on several nonvascular cells.

259 , and loss of CCDC88B protein expression has pleiotropic effects on T lymphocyte functions, including

260 These pleiotropic effects on the ability of the pathogen to in

261 wever, because brefeldin A is known to exert pleiotropic effects on the entire endosomal system, the

262 uld facilitate finding new target genes with pleiotropic effects on the expression of ion channel pro

263 hat these lipid-signaling molecules can have pleiotropic effects on the fate and function of the immu

264 the rigidity of the outer membrane to exert pleiotropic effects on the functionality of gram-negativ

265 e while having only limited and inconsistent pleiotropic effects on the leaf microbiome in maize.

266 at the ABO, SERPINE2, and ZFPM2 loci showed pleiotropic effects on the production of immune-related

267 and CD, we identified genetic variants with pleiotropic effects on two clinically distinct immune-me

268 PCSK2 gene polymorphisms are associated with pleiotropic effects on various traits of glucose homeost

269 ame genetic region-either a single gene with pleiotropic effects or linked genes-influences distinct

270 ata indicate that PIM kinases in cHL exhibit pleiotropic effects, orchestrating tumor immune escape a

271 y produced 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 may have pleiotropic effects outside of bone.

272 te that loss of MAGP2 expression in vivo has pleiotropic effects potentially related to the ability o

273 We further observe that variants with pleiotropic effects preferentially act in common progeni

274 phosphatidylcholine (q=0.008), suggesting a pleiotropic effect previously associated with a reduced

275 ibe how such mechanisms might have generated pleiotropic effects responsible for tumor mitigation and

276 Further, pleiotropic effects resulted in greater plasmid persiste

277 The antibody used has pleiotropic effects, so we set out to gain insight into

278 blished analytical approaches to identifying pleiotropic effects, sources of spurious cross-phenotype

279 five of which exhibited evidence suggesting pleiotropic effects (stay-green) between delayed senesce

280 Recently, statins have shown pleiotropic effects such as anti-inflammation and bone s

281 overexpression of these two proteins caused pleiotropic effects, such as hypersensitivity to puromyc

282 demonstrates that the loss of PpiB leads to pleiotropic effects, supporting the role of PpiB in main

283 bolically neutral, well tolerated, and poses pleiotropic effects that could work alone or in combinat

284 regulation of c-di-GMP production results in pleiotropic effects that disable E. coli in the urinary

285 In addition to lipid lowering, statins have pleiotropic effects that improve endothelial function, a

286 Limitations of this study include a risk of pleiotropic effects that may affect causal inference, an

287 at protein interacts, were used to elucidate pleiotropic effects that may alter the flux of intermedi

288 HSP overaccumulation was not associated with pleiotropic effects that might decrease yields.

289 with eGFR in the UCLEB sample, but has known pleiotropic effects that prevent us from drawing a causa

290 ed as a post-translational modification with pleiotropic effects that span from regulation of transcr

291 mulating evidence suggests that statins have pleiotropic effects; therefore, these drugs could be a p

292 and NRP1 demonstrated that VEGF mediates its pleiotropic effects through distinct receptors on each m

293 However, TSLP has pleiotropic effects upon immune cells, and although exte

294 ivergence, suggesting that the nature of the pleiotropic effects was adaptive.

295 r Kal in autoantibody-induced arthritis with pleiotropic effects, which suggests that it is a new tar

296 t mutations in some genetic targets minimize pleiotropic effects while simultaneously maximizing adap

297 with cardiovascular disease, indicating for pleiotropic effects with health implications.

298 analysis, these genetic loci also exhibited pleiotropic effects with myopia, neurodegenerative disea

299 Some of the identified loci exhibited pleiotropic effects with vertical cup-to-disc ratio, int

300 n genes underlying these disorders uncovered pleiotropic effects, with a single gene affecting multip