ライフサイエンスコーパス: polyol

1 -molecular-weight polyhydroxylated compound (polyol).

2 o either the candidin polyol or the nystatin polyol.

3 y in combination with a caprolactone-derived polyol.

4 ernally by fluorides or a penta-deprotonated polyol.

5 decrease is due to polymer interaction with polyols.

6 or substrate-controlled functionalization of polyols.

7 t as a prelude to deoxygenation reactions of polyols.

8 of CO(2) pressure from 1-40 bar, to produce polyols.

9 techol, biologically relevant compounds, and polyols.

10 y attractive poly(propylene carbonate) (PPC) polyols.

11 entable oligo-, di-, and monosaccharides and polyols.

12 fermentable oligo-, di-, monosaccharides and polyols.

13 include significant amounts of sugars and/or polyols.

14 enantioselective propargylation of aliphatic polyols.

15 ts extension to the synthesis of 1,3-related polyols.

16 oride that is unlike that of other sugars or polyols.

17 ntable oligo-, di-, and mono-saccharides and polyols.

18 broadly in the context of partially acylated polyols.

19 her the glycolytic flux the lower the PP and polyols.

20 omes to the trace amounts of impurities in a polyol, a major issue for reproducibility and scale up s

21 o determine the in vitro effects of pluronic polyols, a family of widely used surfactants currently u

22 Pluronic polyols, a family of widely used surfactants, in very lo

23 tor (ARI) previously shown to prevent spinal polyol accumulation and formalin-evoked hyperalgesia in

24 Polyol accumulation easily occurs in pericytes but not i

25 in galactose neuropathy, factors other than polyol accumulation may contribute to the deficit in CNT

26 e-concentrating capability and intracellular polyol accumulation or extracellular hypertonicity.

27 rast, the ARI IDD676 had no effect on spinal polyol accumulation, elevated spinal COX-2, or hyperalge

28 the amelioration of hyperglycemia or retinal polyol accumulation.

29 l transport route for tonicity-activated and polyol- activated myo-inositol release from cell to medi

30 cterization of the role of sugar alcohols in polyol-activated myo-inositol efflux.

31 cantly inhibited both tonicity-activated and polyol-activated myo-inositol release, as did the chlori

32 logenesis, we studied how various sugars and polyols affect the formation and stability of collagen f

33 ux fusion bioreporters, specific for sugars, polyols, amino acids, organic acids, or flavonoids, have

34 code provides a convenient method to catalog polyol analytes.

35 3)) consisted of organic hydroxyl (including polyol and other alcohol) groups characteristic of sacch

36 odelling involving tricarboxylic acid cycle, polyol and pentose phosphate pathways, leading to improv

37 The polyol and polyenic fragments were coupled using a 1,5-a

38 ces, the overall trend was that the pluronic polyol and the mode of administration did not result in

39 ce to predict the stereochemistry of unknown polyols and (13)C and (1)H chemical shift profiles as th

40 uch higher lactate content compared to other polyols and (ii) high sensor selectivity (Klactate(gluco

41 ogen content of the pyrolysis oil, producing polyols and alcohols.

42 There is significant uptake of several polyols and of mannose across the umbilical circulation

43 p consists of general lyoprotectants such as polyols and polyethylen glycol that apparently preserve

44 ug treatment at 5 mg/kg/d po), it normalizes polyols and reduces the motor nerve conduction velocity

45 be enhanced by using amino acids, instead of polyols and sugars, as additives.

46 In this study, synthetic polyols and surfactants separated by liquid chromatograp

47 However, AQPxlo excluded larger polyols and thiourea.

48 Major volatile compounds, polyols and turbidity were analyzed in fined wines and t

49 r heterogeneous fuels, such as hydrocarbons, polyols, and biomass.

50 Selective degradation allows recovery of the polyols, and direct observation of the soft block oligom

51 tion of osmoprotectants, such as betaine and polyols, and metal-chelating organic acids.

52 a range of metabolites, including peptides, polyols, and sugars.

53 The effect of a sugar or a polyol appears to be strongly dependent on the specific

54 erest because elevated plasma levels of this polyol are predictive for visceral adiposity gain and de

55 Pluronic polyols are a family of non-ionic surfactants currently

56 Pluronic polyols are easily mixed with either DBP or TCP to impro

57 Five of these novel polyols are elaborated to 4-C-alkyl Ins(1,4,5)P(3) and I

58 Furthermore, nonglucose carbohydrates and polyols are found in fetal blood, some in concentrations

59 Polyols are included at very close spacings.

60 Here we report that a variety of polyols are present in, and indigenous to, the Murchison

61 inal spin-coupling constants) for contiguous polyols are reported.

62 ransfer reagent, poly(cyclohexene carbonate) polyols are synthesized with high selectivity.

63 Oxygenated block polyols are versatile, potentially bio-based and/or degr

64 Alcohols, in particular polyols, are well-known for the synthesis of metal nanop

65 eduction steps to construct the extended 1,3-polyol array present in the natural product.

66 ding biodiesel industry, which produces this polyol as the main waste material.

67 cently identified series of carboxylates and polyols as efficient enhancers for an AFP from the beetl

68 e utility of this method for the analysis of polyols as single-component solutions, as mixtures, or i

69 ofuels--alcohols and hydrocarbon precursors (polyols) as well as gaseous biofuel--hydrogen have been

70 ment of a novel approach to 1, 3, 5.(2n + 1) polyols based on iterative radical homologation as well

71 matrix (polypyrrole) and a dynamic network (polyol-borate), strong and flexible polymer films were d

72 h acetyl-L-carnitine had no effects on nerve polyols, but corrected the Na+/K+ -ATPase defect and was

73 that in solution Sb(III) is recognized as a polyol by the glycerol facilitator.

74 that NO regulates the vascular synthesis of polyols by S-thiolating AR; therefore, increasing NO syn

75 des, phosphorylated and N-acetylated sugars, polyols, carboxylic acids, nucleotides, and amines.

76 Anion Relay Chemistry (ARC) to construct the polyol chain, a Ti-catalyzed asymmetric Diels-Alder reac

77 nthetic strategy has been devised to prepare polyol chains associated with the polyene macrolides.

78 cyanate, is a viable method for polyurethane polyol characterization.

79 to determine the in vivo effects of pluronic polyols combined with either an allograft or an alloplas

80 mechanistic differences in decomposition of polyols compared to that of monoalcohols and hydrocarbon

81 Boron (B) polyol complexes have been isolated and characterized fr

82 Polyol content was elevated (P < 0.001) and motor nerve

83 id cycle, and polyamines and lower levels of polyols, cysteine, and glutathione.

84 is subsequently reduced by a NADPH-dependent polyol dehydrogenase and dephosphorylated by a sugar pho

85 In contrast, the NADPH-dependent polyol dehydrogenase exhibits broad substrate specificit

86 They differ from other alcohol and polyol dehydrogenases because they do not contain a cons

87 The polyol derivatization products are separated by 68 mass

88 pable of transporting xylitol, a five-carbon polyol derived from xylose, the most abundant pentose in

89 s is presented for the de novo production of polyol differentiated hexoses in only two chemical steps

90 thinking, we have established that aliphatic polyols do not require a threo pair of hydroxy groups to

91 followed by directed reductions to build the polyol domain, a Stille cross-coupling reaction to assem

92 Metabolites such as fusel alcohols, polyols, ethyl esters, mono- and di-saccharides were ass

93 s with existing commercial markets including polyols (ethylene glycol, 1,2-propanediol, 1,3-propanedi

94 d NF-kappaB activation, as well as increased polyol flux.

95 charides, disaccharides, monosaccharides and polyols (FODMAP) in foods reported.

96 harides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, and polyols (FODMAPs) can reduce symptoms of IBS, possibly b

97 harides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, and polyols (FODMAPs) exacerbate symptoms of irritable bowel

98 harides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, and polyols (FODMAPs) often is used to manage functional gas

99 harides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, and polyols (FODMAPs) reduces gut symptoms in quiescent infl

100 fermentable oligo-, di-, monosaccharides and polyols (FODMAPs).

101 ermentable oligo-, di-, monosaccharides, and polyols [FODMAPs]) has been reported to be effective in

102 rmentable, oligo-, di-, monosaccharides, and polyols [FODMAPs]) in subjects believed to have NCGS.

103 terparts; (b) the optimum ratios of epoxy to polyol for most rapid cure were 50:50 or 60:40 under con

104 xide uptake (>99%), and high selectivity for polyol formation (>95%).

105 tide phosphate (NADPH)-dependent reductases, polyol formation, and flux through the polyol pathway in

106 Polyols formed from isoprene oxidation contribute 8% and

107 and isotopic compositions of amino acids and polyols found in meteorites compared to terrestrial biol

108 absence of symmetry in the final cyclooctane polyols (four shown) generated in this investigation.

109 Control of the stereogenic centers of the polyol fragment was performed by utilizing an Evans aldo

110 ve cleavage sequence to construct the C5-C11 polyol fragment, a diastereoselective aldol reaction to

111 nantioselective monosilylations of diols and polyols furnish valuable alcohol-containing molecules in

112 tions tested; (c) resins containing TONE 305 polyol generally were faster to cure than those containi

113 To understand the role of polyols, genes for bacterial mannitol-1-P dehydrogenase

114 -reducing sugars (sucrose and trehalose) and polyols (glycerol and sorbitol).

115 tose, mannose, raffinose, and sucrose), four polyols (glycerol, mannitol, erythritol, and sorbitol),

116 relevance of the supramolecular structure of polyols has a fundamental impact on the formation of met

117 of water as chain-transfer reagent to afford polyols (HO-(PPC)-OH) with narrow molecular weight distr

118 ion with hydrogen-bond interactions in three polyols (i.e., CF3CH(OH)CH2CH(OH)CF3, 1; (CF3)2C(OH)C(OH

119 rldwide pathogen that finds this four-carbon polyol in genital tissues.

120 saccharides, disaccharides, derivatives, and polyols in (0.05, 0.15, 0.25 and 0.35) mol kg(-1) aqueou

121 Overall, this switchable catalysis delivers polyols in a straightforward and highly controlled manne

122 no conclusive evidence for the existence of polyols in meteorites, leaving a gap in our understandin

123 The addition of an organocatalyst to these polyols in the presence of lactides produces well-define

124 production of LA from cheap and abundant bio-polyols, including sorbitol.

125 The distance dependence of polyol inclusion, however, is quite different from nonpo

126 r and electrophoretic mobility shift assays, polyols increased the ORE-dependent expression of MIOX.

127 nations in dimethyl sulfoxide on a series of polyols indicate that multiple hydrogen bonds to a singl

128 For polyol-induced inositol release, hypertonically adapted

129 Reducing the polyol influx by treatment with aldose reductase inhibit

130 For example, polyol information related to initiator, identity/relati

131 es the transformation of a four-carbon sugar polyol into an oxygen-reduced compound, providing promis

132 process to make low molar mass polycarbonate polyols is a commercially relevant route to new thermose

133 selective modification of glycols and higher polyols is possible, streamlining or eliminating use of

134 ylene-mediated benzylation and allylation of polyols is reported.

135 harides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, and polyols is the most commonly recommended by health care

136 of WAY-121,509 sufficient to reduce retinal polyol levels by 95% ameliorated the development of gala

137 raised glycated hemoglobin or sciatic nerve polyol levels, confirming that hyperglycemia was unaffec

138 These polyols likely decelerate the rate of water loss during

139 ovide access to other members of the polyene-polyol macrolides, including stereoisomers of RK-397.

140 To investigate the potential role of a polyol, mannitol, in oxidative stress protection, a bact

141 Pluronic polyols may be considered as carriers for osseous graft

142 The accumulation of polyols may have dual functions: facilitating osmotic ad

143 olled synthesis of Pd-based nanoparticles in polyol medium, focusing on the progress in terms of tail

144 her disorders, including leukodystrophy with polyol metabolism abnormality, demonstrate that an incre

145 lic complications of IDDM and that increased polyol metabolism is involved in this response.

146 ical levels of glucose specifically activate polyol metabolism with a consequent decrease in Na,K-ATP

147 f aldose reductase (AR), a primary enzyme of polyol metabolism, in Capan-1 human pancreatic duct cell

148 metabolism of glucose through glycolysis and polyol metabolism.

149 The Pt/MWCNTs synthesized by polyol method and have been characterized by transmissio

150 We report a polyol method for the facile synthesis of Ag nanocubes h

151 d (reaction time < 15 min), sulfide-mediated polyol method in which Ag(I) is reduced to Ag(0) by ethy

152 (AgNCs) are predominantly synthesized by the polyol method, where the solvent (ethylene glycol) is co

153 composites were synthesized using an in situ polyol method.

154 gy of the conjugate base of a small covalent polyol model compound (i.e., (HOCH2CH2CH(OH)CH2)2CHOH) i

155 olling regioselectivity during the course of polyol modification, we found that histidine-containing

156 ing interactions, but also the wide range of polyol molecular weights readily available, different ph

157 upling, and application to the synthesis 1,3-polyol motifs.

158 gle hydroxyl group among many in unprotected polyol natural products.

159 blocks of protein nanofibrils and impact of polyols on protein fibrillation.

160 ct of key bulking agents/excipients - sugars/polyols - on the material form, structure, strength, fai

161 reversible processes by adding amino acids, polyol or simple alcohols, or sugars, forming IAA conjug

162 diate to be converted to either the candidin polyol or the nystatin polyol.

163 were faster to cure than those containing no polyol, or TONES 201 or 310; and (d) a resin mixture was

164 Polyols, or polyhydroxy alcohols, are produced by many f

165 ton's disease (HD), we show that stabilizing polyol osmolytes drive the aggregation of Htt103Q(Exon1)

166 Our results show that stabilizing polyol osmolytes promote mHtt aggregation, alleviate CRE

167 ysts show highly efficient production of PPC polyols, outstanding yields (turnover numbers), quantita

168 conducting) polymers considering sensors for polyols, particularly, saccharides and hydroxy acids.

169 ption is accompanied by aldose reductase and polyol pathway activation in steatotic areas.

170 ients, mice undergoing iAKI show significant polyol pathway activation in the kidney cortex character

171 This suggests that polyol pathway activity in the lens may translate to oxi

172 s and to assess the potential involvement of polyol pathway activity in the pathogenesis of spinally

173 documents discrete cellular consequences of polyol pathway activity in the retina, and it suggests t

174 a short duration of diabetes are mediated by polyol pathway activity.

175 ucose concentrations are known to induce the polyol pathway and increase fructose generation in the l

176 is the first and rate-limiting enzyme of the polyol pathway and is involved in the pathogenesis of di

177 ole of endogenous fructose production by the polyol pathway and its metabolism through fructokinase i

178 may be a useful strategy for inhibiting the polyol pathway and preventing the development of diabete

179 novel mechanism, involving activation of the polyol pathway and repression of microRNA-24 (miR-24), t

180 e idea of activation of aldose reductase and polyol pathway as an important mechanism of hyperglycemi

181 f glucose via several pathways including the polyol pathway causes cellular toxicity.

182 The aldose reductase (AR) polyol pathway contributes to these microvascular compli

183 Herein we report that inhibition of the polyol pathway enzyme aldose reductase (AR) by two struc

184 Increased reduction of glucose via the polyol pathway enzyme aldose reductase (AR) has been lin

185 esent study was to elucidate the role of the polyol pathway enzyme aldose reductase (AR) in the media

186 Herein we report that inhibition of the polyol pathway enzyme aldose reductase (AR) prevents the

187 e of this study was to determine whether the polyol pathway enzyme aldose reductase mediates diabetes

188 Sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH) is a polyol pathway enzyme that catalyzes conversion of sorbi

189 irms that 3-FG is metabolized to 3-FF by the polyol pathway enzymes.

190 These findings suggest that increased polyol pathway flux in diabetic animals leads to the act

191 Polyol pathway flux in spinal oligodendrocytes provides

192 The impact of exaggerated polyol pathway flux on ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF

193 trolled cases of diabetes, lead to increased polyol pathway flux, activation of protein kinase C and

194 dose reductase inhibitors can prevent excess polyol pathway flux, and hence these agents may prevent

195 volved in the pathogenesis of complications: polyol pathway flux, increased formation of AGEs (advanc

196 Activation of the polyol pathway has been linked to the development of sec

197 the increased metabolism of glucose via the polyol pathway has received considerable attention.

198 These observations suggest that the polyol pathway hyperactivity induced by HG contributes t

199 ases, polyol formation, and flux through the polyol pathway in cultured dog retinal capillary cells w

200 ications for how to evaluate the role of the polyol pathway in diabetic retinopathy.

201 t that fructose also can be produced via the polyol pathway in the liver, where it may induce hepatic

202 The role of the polyol pathway in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopat

203 ed for 3 months at a dose that inhibited the polyol pathway in the retina of diabetic rats to a simil

204 as associated with significant inhibition of polyol pathway intermediates in both lens and sciatic ne

205 es showed a dramatic increase in glucose and polyol pathway intermediates in diabetes, a striking upr

206 depletion, and enhanced the accumulation of polyol pathway intermediates without worsening myo-inosi

207 in accumulation of intramuscular glucose and polyol pathway intermediates.

208 The polyol pathway is a metabolic route able to convert gluc

209 ry stress is the distinct signature that the polyol pathway leaves on retinal vessels.

210 These data suggest that polyol pathway metabolites and AGE can stimulate rat vas

211 ficant effect on either energy metabolism or polyol pathway of normal nerves.

212 activation of Janus kinase 2 (JAK2), and the polyol pathway play important parts in the hyperprolifer

213 diabetic rat if documented inhibition of the polyol pathway prevents a sequence of retinal vascular a

214 verts sorbitol into fructose in the two-step polyol pathway previously implicated in diabetic neuropa

215 The data confirm that flux through the polyol pathway primarily results in sorbitol accumulatio

216 blocking the excess glucose flux through the polyol pathway that prevails under diabetic conditions h

217 easing evidence to link abnormalities in the polyol pathway to the pathogenesis of diabetic neuropath

218 by gas chromatography, and flux through the polyol pathway was investigated by 19F nuclear magnetic

219 Intermediates of the polyol pathway were increased in DMG, particularly fruct

220 in the development of DR, namely, increased polyol pathway, activation of protein kinase C (PKC), in

221 e genes, blocks NF-kappaB, and represses the polyol pathway, AGEs production, and hyperlipidemia.

222 glucose uptake, nerve energy metabolism, the polyol pathway, and protein kinase C (PKC) activity in E

223 of aldose reductase, the first enzyme of the polyol pathway, is a key response to ischemia and that i

224 dose reductase (AR), the first enzyme of the polyol pathway, is a promising approach in treatment of

225 study investigated the relation between the polyol pathway, PKC-beta, ROS, JAK2, and Ang II in the d

226 e reductase, the rate-limiting enzyme of the polyol pathway, plays a key role in the pathogenesis of

227 f 3-deoxyglucosone, at least in part via the polyol pathway, provides an amplification loop to sustai

228 ehydrogenase (SDH) in the second step of the polyol pathway, under conditions of high glucose flux.

229 e glycerolipid/fatty acid metabolism and the polyol pathway, were found not only to operate at unchan

230 the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) and the polyol pathway, while also regulating ion channel functi

231 nder hyperglycemic conditions through the AR polyol pathway.

232 n preventing diabetes-induced changes in the polyol pathway.

233 n the calculated flux of glucose through the polyol pathway.

234 ulates aldose reductase, a key enzyme in the polyol pathway.

235 ction by stimulating aldose reductase in the polyol pathway.

236 exerted by phosphofructokinase on the PP and polyol pathways revealed that the extent of glycolytic f

237 The polyol phosphate subunits of these glycopolymers are dec

238 eatures are adapted for recognition of small polyol phosphates, and not nucleotide substrates.

239 anowires (AgNWs) were prepared by a modified polyol process and were incubated in three cell culture

240 The formation of AuCuSn(2) using a modified polyol process occurs through a multistep pathway that w

241 y manipulating the reduction kinetics of the polyol process.

242 to similarities in their major carbohydrate/polyol profiles.

243 of non-charged solutes including carbamides, polyols, purines, and pyrimidines in a phloretin- and me

244 Protonated polyols react by consecutive derivatization reactions, w

245 particles (NPs) were prepared using standard polyol reduction chemistry in ethylene glycol (EG) with

246 We report a facile route based on polyol reduction for the synthesis of Pd RBPs with purit

247 ave been extensively synthesized by a simple polyol reduction method using different copper salts, i.

248 B self-assembles in lipid membranes with the polyol region lining a channel interior that funnels to

249 The epitope for the polyol-responsive mAb NT73, which reacts with Escherichi

250 Polyol-responsive monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are usefu

251 We use a previously described polyol-responsive monoclonal antibody to investigate the

252 elective and stereospecific oxidation of the polyol (S,S)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroxybutane [(S,S)-threitol]

253 simple, reagentless, and flexible format for polyol screening that does not require aqueous alkaline

254 harides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, and polyols should be aware of its 3 phases: restriction, re

255 uss the use of palladium nanoparticles, in a polyol solvent, applied in two of the most relevant Pd-c

256 The acyclic polyol sorbitol is a primary photosynthetic product and

257 The polyol (sorbitol) pathway of glucose metabolism is activ

258 The accumulation of two cryoprotective polyols, sorbitol and threitol, is integral to the extra

259 ect due to increased hydrogen bonding of the polyol species to the bilayer headgroups.

260 d a result of complex formation with di- and polyols, specific binding.

261 suitable for selective reactions of complex polyol structures.

262 achieve various group transfer reactions on polyol substrates with high enantio- or regioselectivity

263 electivity for the glycosylations of complex polyols such as 6-deoxyerythronolide B and oleandomycin-

264 Although accumulation of polyols such as xylitol and sorbitol is associated with

265 Polyhydroxylated compounds (polyols) such as sugars, sugar alcohols and sugar acids

266 an iterative strategy for the preparation of polyols, such as the fully differentiated L-ribo-tetrol

267 Reduced protection by polyols suggested that glycerol had specific functions f

268 The one-step modified polyol synthesis in air directly generates water-soluble

269 n the assumed values, which are based on the polyol synthesis reactions.

270 ol (EG)--the solvent most commonly used in a polyol synthesis--with diethylene glycol (DEG).

271 ng rate of metal precursor ions in a one-pot polyol synthesis.

272 ic simplification of differentiated diol and polyol targets.

273 -reacting only with xylitol (4.9%) among all polyols tested.

274 tress, cells retained more of the six-carbon polyols than glycerol.

275 thesize tri-thiol-functionalized-ethoxylated polyols that are combined with polyethylene glycol diacr

276 a series of structurally novel sesterterpene polyols, the mangicols A-G (4-10).

277 cyclable catalyst for dehydrogenation of bio-polyols to form LA with excellent activity (97 %) and se

278 Based on docking of polyols to homology models of transporters, we propose t

279 The ability of various sugars and polyols to inhibit the fiber assembly and to destabilize

280 hods to post-functionalize and/or couple the polyols to make higher polymers are demonstrated.

281 al reduction of silyl-protected C6O6-derived polyols to produce a diverse set of oxygen-functionalize

282 pentose phosphate (PP), glycogenolysis, and polyols to translate the glucose metabolome of the heart

283 The mutant was shown to be defective in polyol transport by GlpF.

284 tically and functionally distinct from known polyol transporters.

285 and triblock ethylene oxide/propylene oxide polyols using LC/CR/MS.

286 nvironment, specifically oligosaccharide and polyol utilization, arsenic resistance and lantibiotic p

287 The candidin polyol was further elaborated to a protected candidin ag

288 Retinal polyol was reduced by 95% in all ARI-treated groups and

289 e simplest representative of biomass-derived polyols, was studied via density functional theory (DFT)

290 echanism of regulation of MIOX expression by polyols, we have cloned the human MIOX gene locus of 10

291 Acidity constants of a series of polyols were also computed, and the combination of hydro

292 Aldose reductase activity and polyols were below our limits of detection, 0.5 nmol/min

293 w MW fractions of the degraded and unreacted polyols were collected and analyzed by MALDI.

294 We found that the effects of sugars and polyols were highly specific with respect to small struc

295 We conclude from this that polyols were present on the early Earth and therefore at

296 r oil (COL) is a vegetable oil and naturally polyol which is inexpensive, environmental friendly and

297 ion away from redox-consuming pathways (e.g. polyol) while maintaining the flux through redox-generat

298 moselective oxidation of unprotected vicinal polyols with [(neocuproine)Pd(OAc)]2(OTf)2 (1) (neocupro

299 ivity, and phosphorylates several sugars and polyols with low catalytic efficiency.

300 high intracellular concentration of retained polyols would be less protective.