ライフサイエンスコーパス: pons

1 ed all the way to the ventrolateral pons (vl-pons).

2 l brain regions (thalamus, hypothalamus, and pons).

3 nsection of the brainstem through the caudal pons.

4 served at locus ceruleus and in anteromedial pons.

5 bnormal processes in the cerebral cortex and pons.

6 men, thalamus, and caudate, and midbrain and pons.

7 were observed primarily in the rostromedial pons.

8 instead were restricted to the intermediate pons.

9 the distribution of labeled terminals in the pons.

10 descended ventromedially through the rabbit pons.

11 d to the lateral parabrachial nucleus of the pons.

12 d the lowest concentration in the cerebellum/pons.

13 ancestor of the three families of mammalian PONs.

14 ppocampus, striatum, thalamus, midbrain, and pons.

15 poral cortex, insula, pulvinar, caudate, and pons.

16 r week; 95% CI: -0.05, 0.28) was seen in the pons.

17 generator plus a portion of the dorsolateral pons.

18 tivity results in hypertrophy of the ventral pons.

19 ncluding thalamus, cerebellum, brainstem and pons.

20 ages were normalized to mean activity in the pons.

21 (PBel-inner) cell groups of the dorsolateral pons.

22 showed only an increase in MD in the ventral pons.

23 al plane, extending through the midbrain and pons.

24 ties of the cerebral cortex, cerebellum, and pons.

25 he midbrain; and parabrachial nucleus in the pons.

26 nual anterior cingulate cortex and brainstem pons.

27 ng midbrain, cerebellum, frontal cortex, and pons.

28 igating host-pathogen interactions and lacks PONs.

29 projections to the spinal cord, tectum, and pons.

30 [18F]FDG images were normalized to pons.

31 ect to the parabrachial nucleus (PBN) of the pons.

32 nt in the white tracts of the cerebellum and pons.

33 um, midbrain and anterior part of cerebellum/pons.

34 m from the entry point of the nerve into the pons.

35 ardiorespiratory centers of the dorsolateral pons.

36 bellum, right fusiform, parahippocampus, and pons.

37 neostriatum, superior colliculus, and basal pons.

38 ry visceral sensory areas of the medulla and pons.

39 , crus anterior of capsula interna (CA), and pons.

40 o drive tumourigenesis upon injection in the pons.

41 bus pallidus, dentate nucleus, thalamus, and pons.

42 ional anisotropy values, uniquely within the pons.

43 morphometric analyses of the postnatal human pons (0-18 years; n = 6-14/timepoint).

44 tly higher (P < 0.05) in the medulla (176%), pons (146%), midbrain (101%), hippocampus (85%), thalamu

45 In MSA-P, atrophy rates were greatest in the pons: 4.5% (3.2%), over 20 times that in controls and th

46 ment, in 1 in the cerebellum and in 1 in the pons), abnormally dilated extraaxial fluid collections i

47 red molecular compositions, we estimate that pONs account for 3% and 8% of total submicrometer organi

48 Compared with cerebellum or pons alone, reference regions that included subcortical

49 ite matter, cerebellar white matter, and the pons, alone or in combination, generated the largest eff

50 MRS scans of the upper limb motor cortex and pons, ALS Functional Rating Scale-Revised (ALSFRS-R tota

51 insoluble tangle-tau isolated from the basal pons also differed significantly.

52 lliker-Fuse nucleus (KF) in the dorsolateral pons, an important centre for control of respiratory rhy

53 ssion and TrkB activation in the medulla and pons and (2) breathing dysfunction, characterized by inc

54 e dorsal cerebrum and lowest in the midbrain/pons and along the ventral surface of the brain.

55 s to distant subcortical targets such as the pons and as far caudal as the pyramidal decussation and

56 ratio 3D-SSP values were computed using the pons and cerebellar cortex as reference regions.

57 on between the white matter integrity of the pons and cerebellar gray matter volume associated with h

58 genome, in frontal cortex, temporal cortex, pons and cerebellum from 387 human donors between the ag

59 In addition to reduced volume of pons and cerebellum, affected individuals had microcepha

60 ders characterized by impaired growth of the pons and cerebellum, which frequently follows a degenera

61 riatal correlations with thalamus, midbrain, pons and cerebellum.

62 enatal onset, characterized by hypoplasia of pons and cerebellum.

63 ratio differences were calculated for DN-to-pons and DN-to-middle cerebellar peduncle (MCP) ratios b

64 ast MR examination were calculated for DN-to-pons and DN-to-middle cerebellar peduncle (MCP) ratios i

65 ilinear gadolinium enhancement peppering the pons and extending variably into the medulla, brachium p

66 iptome atlas of >65,000 cells from embryonal pons and forebrain, two major tumor locations.

67 Ratios of DN to pons and GP to CA were calculated, and univariable Pears

68 The difference in mean SI ratios of DN to pons and GP to thalamus on unenhanced T1-weighted images

69 d no group differences were found when DN-to-pons and GP-to-pulvinar ratios were compared (DN-to-pons

70 maging sequences predominantly involving the pons and hippocampi.

71 The pons and inferior cerebellum were investigated as potent

72 In females, whole brainstem, pons and medulla volumes individually mediated the relat

73 was most abundant in striatum, hippocampus, pons and medulla, and cortex.

74 pyramidal tracts and medial lemniscus of the pons and medulla.

75 g showed that the rostral projections to the pons and midbrain and caudal projections to the spinal c

76 In the pons and midbrain, retrogradely-labeled neurons of the s

77 was proposed that neural populations in the pons and midline cerebellum compute an independent, inte

78 uzole-treated patients with ALS (P < .05 for pons and motor cortex) and healthy controls (P < .05 for

79 or cortex) and healthy controls (P < .05 for pons and motor cortex).

80 The midline central gray of the pons and nucleus incertus receive input from the rostral

81 guingly, DIPGs are restricted to the ventral pons and occur during a narrow window of middle childhoo

82 the GABAergic neurons of the RVM and caudal pons and performed double labeling to evaluate the expre

83 ne selectively blocked activity in pulvinar, pons and posterior insula.

84 (GPi) (P < 0.001), as well as in the dorsal pons and primary motor cortex (P < 0.0001).

85 s of TrkB phosphorylation in the medulla and pons and restored wild-type breathing frequency.

86 rtex had the highest VC content, whereas the pons and spinal chord had the lowest.

87 c increased T2-weighted signal in the dorsal pons and spinal cord.

88 ons in MI project most strongly to the basal pons and superior colliculus.

89 s receptor is highly expressed in the dorsal pons and that these ADRB1(+) neurons are active during r

90 s present in the parabrachial nucleus of the pons and that these receptors serve to modulate feeding

91 Results: SUVs in the pons and the inferior cerebellum indicated consistent cl

92 entially through two sites: the dorsolateral pons and the paraventricular thalamic nucleus.

93 tegmental area, periaqueductal grey, dorsal pons and various cortical areas including occipital, tem

94 al and trigeminal information in multiple dl-pons and vl-pons structures in the rat.

95 The majority of tumors within H3-Pons and-H3-Medulla harbors H3F3A mutations but shows di

96 d fluffy brainstem lesions, often located in pons and/or adjacent to fourth ventricle.

97 nce of lesion involving posterior paramedian pons and/or medial thalamus.

98 3 subcortical reference regions (cerebellum, pons, and a composite region).

99 I) in the DN was normalized to the SI of the pons, and a one-sample t test was used to test for diffe

100 the clustering of 33 of 34 cerebella, 7 of 7 pons, and all 3 livers.

101 d: whole cerebellum, cerebellar gray matter, pons, and centrum semiovale.

102 DAC expression in the cerebral white matter, pons, and cerebellum compared with controls.

103 al areas, including the cortex, hippocampus, pons, and cerebellum.

104 ctivity within amygdala, anterior insula and pons, and engendered different effects on blood pressure

105 pontine terminals were absent in the rostral pons, and instead were restricted to the intermediate po

106 emporal pattern beginning in the cerebellum, pons, and internal capsule; proceeding caudocranially fr

107 bundance was highest in the hypothalamus and pons, and lowest in the cerebellum and medulla.

108 dala, and neocortex, whereas in spinal cord, pons, and medulla GPR88 expression remains discrete.

109 oci, including the first linked to midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata volumes, and map them to 305

110 The brainstem (midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata) and cerebellum (diencephali

111 expressed predominantly in the hypothalamus, pons, and medulla of posthatch chick brains, but not in

112 ified a circuit distributed in the midbrain, pons, and medulla that promotes NREM sleep in mice.

113 e (MCP), superior cerebellar peduncle (SCP), pons, and midbrain, indicating their potential contribut

114 , the dorsal vagal complex, the dorsolateral pons, and selected hypothalamic nuclei (dorsomedial, lat

115 he ventral thalamus, hypothalamus, midbrain, pons, and spinal cord.

116 gray matter [CGM], whole cerebellum [WCER], pons, and subcortical white matter [SWM]) were studied.

117 bellar gray matter, cerebellar white matter, pons, and subcortical white matter as reference regions.

118 oss perceptual conditions in the cerebellum, pons, and subthalamic nucleus.

119 ion to the middle cerebellar peduncle (MCP), pons, and thalamus after repeated administration of the

120 pping showed no changes for dentate nucleus, pons, and thalamus.

121 nterior horns of the spinal cord, the dorsal pons, and the medulla can be clearly seen on MRI.

122 eport a newly identified family of bacterial PONs, and the reconstruction of the ancestor of the thre

123 terest placed in the dentate nucleus and the pons, and we calculated the dentate nucleus-to-pons sign

124 cerebellum (WC), WC with brainstem (WC + B), pons, and white matter (WM).

125 use studies have demonstrated that all three PONs are atheroprotective.

126 presented, in which the dorsal midbrain and pons are implicated.

127 Paraoxonases (PONs) are a family of lactonases with promiscuous enzyme

128 Paraoxonases (PONs) are a family of proteins that may play a significa

129 Serum paraoxonases (PONs) are detoxifying lactonases that were first identif

130 CG, WC, and WC + B, but not WM or pons, are reliable reference regions for amyloid imaging

131 ion from 60 to 90 min were created using the pons as a reference region and nine regions of interest

132 g potential values can be assessed using the pons as a reference region, with a test-retest repeatabi

133 BPND images in NHP template space, using the pons as a reference region.

134 ges were then intensity-normalized using the pons as a reference region.

135 ited by extended EDTA treatment, implicating PONs as the major enzymes inactivating 3OC12-HSL.

136 Automated quantification (using pons as the reference region) demonstrated 91% sensitivi

137 With the pons as the reference region, the optimal z score thresh

138 Significant SUVR changes using the pons as the RR were detected only at 2 y (P = 0.46 [1 y]

139 Microstructural changes in the pons at 12 weeks post-injection were found to predict su

140 In the pons, Barrington's nucleus and the norepinephrine (NE) n

141 end axons to the dorsal aspect of the SC and pons but avoid ventral SC and the pyramidal tract, where

142 no evidence of postnatal neurogenesis in the pons, but each progenitor compartment produces new astro

143 maller volumes in the thalamus, splenium and pons, but not in the caudate or putamen.

144 vely; maximally in the subiculum and ventral pons, but often present elsewhere.

145 Additionally, whole cerebellum, pons, centrum semiovale, and a composite region were exa

146 ts and lower volume in the basilar (ventral) pons, cerebellar white matter and visual cortex.

147 nNOS was abundantly expressed in the pons cerebellum and hypothalamus and less so in the cort

148 nt in the frontal cortex, midbrain, putamen, pons, cerebellum, and corpus callosum.

149 DIPG) is a fatal malignancy of the childhood pons characterized by a unique substitution to methionin

150 NAD(P)H oxide was most abundant in the pons compared to other regions.

151 , putamen, pallidum, thalamus, midbrain with pons (comprising a region of interest that includes the

152 The pons contains neurons that control urinary bladder funct

153 The ventrolateral pons contains the A5 group of noradrenergic neurons whic

154 The pons controls crucial sensorimotor and autonomic functio

155 on whether they project subcortically to the pons [corticopontine (CPn)] or to the contralateral cort

156 membrane properties: those projecting to the pons (CPn) and those projecting across the commissure to

157 d medial parabrachial nuclei of dorsolateral pons (dl-pons) plays an important role in respiratory ph

158 one of the parabrachial nucleus (PBN) in the pons eliminate the salt (sodium chloride; NaCl) appetite

159 s containing WM (as opposed to cerebellum or pons) enabled detection of cortical change that was more

160 ar gray matter, whole cerebellum, brain stem/pons, eroded subcortical white matter [WM], and 2 additi

161 ossing to the ipsilesional hemisphere in the pons explained proximal motor function (p = 0.001).

162 rity of proliferative cells in the postnatal pons expressed the transcription factor Olig2, suggestin

163 o drive the excitatory burst neurones in the pons (feed-forward).

164 uptake, normalized to cerebellum for PiB and pons for (18)F-FDG, were compared.

165 ed the specific activities of purified human PONs for 3OC12-HSL hydrolysis, including the common PON1

166 In addition, the basilar pons forms normally in dystrophin-deficient mice.

167 Neuronal tissues from the dentate nuclei, pons, globus pallidus, and thalamus of these 23 deceased

168 Neuronal tissues from the dentate nuclei, pons, globus pallidus, and thalamus were harvested and a

169 Pons glutamate + glutamine significantly increased in pa

170 were used to compare SI and SI ratios (DN to pons, GP to thalamus) between case patients and control

171 DN/MCP, DN-to-pons, GP-to thalamus, and GP-to-cerebrospinal fluid rati

172 ethylation data, distinct clusters termed H3-Pons, H3-Medulla, IDH, and PA-like, each associated with

173 Among all brain regions, pons had the lowest ADC values.

174 The dorsal pons has long been implicated in the generation of rapid

175 p generation, and the neural circuits in the pons have since been studied extensively.

176 ion, including the medial prefrontal cortex, pons, hippocampus, and anterior insula.

177 s but catalase and GPX were more abundant in pons, hypothalamus and medulla and less so in the cortex

178 can replicate the observed pON assuming that pONs (i) are produced in the gas phase and rapidly estab

179 d (all 3 regions in 6 patients, midbrain and pons in 39, and medulla and pons in 8).

180 ts, midbrain and pons in 39, and medulla and pons in 8).

181 l was higher than controls in the vermis and pons in AOA2 and in the vermis in FRDA.

182 on mutations in ACVR1 occur in tumors of the pons in conjunction with histone H3.1 p.Lys27Met substit

183 ctivity of forty four neurons in the rostral pons in hypocretin knock-out mice.

184 ic nuclei in (and a broader role for) the dl-pons in integrating respiratory and nonrespiratory infor

185 The appearance of PONs in metazoa is likely to relate to innate immunity r

186 g of unit respiratory rhythmic neurons in dl-pons in urethane-anesthetized, vagotomized, paralyzed, a

187 (R2=0.29; P<.01 corrected) and midbrain with pons, including the locus coeruleus (R2=0.18; P<.01 corr

188 The BBB in the cerebellum and pons/interpeduncular nuclei was highly sensitive to decr

189 Large glycosyltransferase gene, the basilar pons is absent.

190 A large fraction of pONs is highly functionalized, possessing between six an

191 tance between the hypophysis and the rostral pons is particularly high, as it was determined by the c

192 r the topography of prefrontal inputs to the pons is similar in rats and rabbits.

193 The locus coeruleus (LC) in the pons is the major source of noradrenaline (NA) in the br

194 Located within this region of the pons is the sublaterodorsal nucleus (SLD), a structure t

195 N) resides in the rostral medulla and caudal pons, is implicated in cardiovascular regulation and cra

196 were spread across the dorsal portion of the pons just below the fourth ventricle.

197 Catecholaminergic cell groups in the pons (LC) and medulla (VLM, NTS) were also activated by

198 nd increased connectivity in the cerebellum, pons, left amygdala, and orbitofrontal cortices (cluster

199 labeled terminals were most prevalent in the pons, less prevalent in neostriatum and superior collicu

200 The resulting implications for mPFC or pons manipulations for studies of trace eyeblink in each

201 gest the possibility that mPFC inputs to the pons may be integrated with different sources of cortica

202 The mammalian PONs may therefore relate to a newly identified family o

203 conveyed to cerebellum via a pathway through pons, may engage the cerebellum and allow for the expres

204 used by ischemia of the posterior paramedian pons, medial thalamus, or cerebellum.

205 ficits at different brain regions, including pons, medulla oblongata, and cerebellum.

206 us, midbrain, hippocampus, thalamus, cortex, pons, medulla, pallidum that were significantly enriched

207 in animals with MeCP2 removed from specific pons medullary respiratory circuits, we performed whole-

208 ird-order premotor neurons were found in the pons, midbrain, and cerebellum, including dorsolateral a

209 y expressed in large neurons in the medulla, pons, midbrain, and thalamus.

210 sites such as the cervicomedullary junction, pons, midbrain, or the tectum.

211 The dorsolateral (DL) pons modulates the respiratory pattern.

212 After atrophy correction and adjusting for pons MRglc, PET MRglc reductions were found in all FAD s

213 rebral cortex (n=35), cerebellum (n=34), and pons (n=7), along with liver samples (n=3) from 43 indiv

214 gions using whole-brain-normalized (WBN) and pons-normalized (PN) activity.

215 e olfactory bulb, in the cerebral cortex, in pons nuclei, in the red nucleus, in all cranial nerve nu

216 Cre recombinase (AAV-Cre) into the midbrain/pons of mice carrying a loxP-conditional tryptophan hydr

217 The pons of rats and rabbits, however, shows divergence in g

218 versus an increase of centrality within the pons of the brainstem, highlighting the important role o

219 ) in the cortex, hippocampus, cerebellum and pons of the Eker rats.

220 basal forebrain, diencephalon, midbrain, and pons of the minke whale, a mysticete cetacean.

221 The sublaterodorsal nucleus (SLD) in the pons of the rat is a locus supporting short-latency indu

222 basal forebrain, diencephalon, midbrain, and pons of the river hippopotamus, one of the closest extan

223 ed for the normal development of the basilar pons, one of several precerebellar nuclei of the hindbra

224 late with anatomical localization within the pons or medulla, respectively.

225 Diffuse medulla, pons or midbrain MRI lesions occasionally occurred in MO

226 diffuse intrinsic gliomas, most often in the pons, or the nondiffuse brainstem tumors originating at

227 for the production and phase partitioning of pONs, organic aerosol mass, and reactive nitrogen specia

228 01), subcortical white matter (P < .05), and pons (P < .01) and higher levels of myo-inositol in the

229 GP), thalamus (T), dentate nucleus (DN), and pons (P) were measured on unenhanced T1-weighted images.

230 icant in frontal cortex, temporal cortex and pons: P ranging from 4.8 x 10(-12) to 3.4 x 10(-3).

231 After transection of the caudal pons, part of the remaining tone was removed by inhibiti

232 l remarkable postnatal growth in the ventral pons, particularly during infancy when cells are most pr

233 These findings suggest that PONs, particularly PON2, could be an important mechanism

234 parabrachial nuclei of dorsolateral pons (dl-pons) plays an important role in respiratory phase switc

235 ergic agonist carbachol into the dorsomedial pons produces an REM sleep-like state with muscle atonia

236 Our data suggest that the pons provides a necessary excitatory drive to an additio

237 We show that the murine pons quadruples in volume postnatally; growth is fastest

238 GBCA applications: DN: r = -0.254, P = .31; pons: r = -0.097, P = .65; SN: r = -0.194, P = .38; GP:

239 f administered GBCA: DN: r = 0.091, P = .72; pons: r = 0.106, P = .62; SN: r = -0.165, P = .45; GP: r

240 caudal NTS, area postrema, VRC, dorsolateral pons, raphe nuclei, lateral hypothalamus, central amygda

241 an SI ratio increase (Bayes factor for DN-to-pons ratio = 0.09 and that for DN-to-MCP ratio = 0.12).

242 towards a reduced mean MRI locus coeruleus: pons ratio compared to PDRBD- (P = 0.07, t-test).

243 d GP-to-pulvinar ratios were compared (DN-to-pons ratio in case mean, 1.0083 +/- 0.0373 [standard dev

244 .0083 +/- 0.0373 [standard deviation]; DN-to-pons ratio in control mean, 1.0183 +/- 0.01917; P = .37;

245 s did not differ significantly from 0 (DN-to-pons ratio: -0.0012 +/- 0.0101, P = .436; DN-to-MCP rati

246 s did not differ significantly from 0 (DN-to-pons ratio: -0.0032 +/- 0.0154, P = .248; DN-to-MCP rati

247 against an SI ratio increase (0.10 for DN-to-pons ratio; 0.27 for DN-to-MCP ratio).

248 DN/MCP and DN-to-pons ratios were significantly different between control

249 pallidus-to-thalamus and dentate nucleus-to-pons ratios), and T1 and T2 relaxation times.

250 The lateral central gray of the pons receives bilateral input from the lateral IP, which

251 ogenous GABA localized to this region of the pons reduced the incidence of apnoea and the respiratory

252 ed better registration in the cerebellum and pons reference region area.

253 nd MR-driven methods (<em>R</em>(2) = 0.996; pons reference region).

254 aggressive pediatric cancer resident in the pons region of the brainstem.

255 , particularly in the dorsal locus coeruleus/pons region.

256 nterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and brainstem pons region.

257 f soma size and axonal pathology even in the pons region.

258 e (PON) family members, we hypothesized that PONs regulate P. aeruginosa virulence in vivo.

259 ite matter growth of the corpus callosum and pons relative to nondrinkers.

260 tion, the postnatal development of the human pons remains poorly understood.

261 lts DN/MCP (rho = 0.51, P < .0001) and DN-to-pons (rho = 0.41, P = .0001) ratios correlated positivel

262 WM and pons showed larger YC variances than other regions.

263 Globus pallidus-thalamus and dentate nucleus-pons SI ratios were calculated and compared between grou

264 The difference in the dentate nucleus-pons signal intensity ratio between the first and last M

265 ns, and we calculated the dentate nucleus-to-pons signal intensity ratios and the differences between

266 the putamen/globus pallidus, dorsal midbrain/pons, STN, and ventral thalamus.

267 minal information in multiple dl-pons and vl-pons structures in the rat.

268 ritic trees that spanned several of these dl-pons subnuclei, often with terminal dendrites ending in

269 f interest (ROIs): the dentate nucleus (DN), pons, substantia nigra (SN), pulvinar thalami, and globu

270 anges were not observed in the cerebellum or pons, suggesting that cortex is more susceptible to oxid

271 ifferent tau isoform deposition in the basal pons suggests that this may ultimately prove to be a dis

272 FDG uptake were also quantified as target-to-pons SUV ratios in 12 regions of interest (ROIs).

273 twork characterized by increased activity in pons, thalamus, medial frontal and sensorimotor areas, h

274 Higher MTRs were seen in the thalami and pons than in the BG (P < .05), indicating earlier matura

275 rus were significantly less prevalent in the pons than the medulla.

276 providing an input to the cerebellum via the pons that bridges the temporal gap between conditioning

277 large laterodorsal tegmental nucleus of the pons that has both parvocellular and magnocellular choli

278 ive malignant glial neoplasms of the ventral pons that, due to their location within the brain, are u

279 re calculated in the brainstem (midbrain and pons), the cerebellum, the lateral and third ventricles

280 t assessing the neurochemical profile of the pons, the cerebellar hemisphere and the vermis in patien

281 n projects mainly to the ipsilateral basilar pons, the MI whisker region has significantly more conne

282 inergic cell groups in the mesencephalon and pons, the principal nucleus of the trigeminal nerve, and

283 2) In the dorsal pons, the PVH projects heavily to the pre-locus coeruleu

284 rogressing rostrally from the medulla to the pons, then to midbrain and substantia nigra, limbic stru

285 onary origins and substrate specificities of PONs therefore remain poorly understood.

286 layer 5 pyramidal (L5) cells project via the pons to a vast number of cerebellar granule cells (GrCs)

287 overlapping specificities of some mammalian PONs versus the singular specificity of others.

288 were traced all the way to the ventrolateral pons (vl-pons).

289 Pons volume increased 6-fold from birth to 5 years, foll

290 bus pallidus, thalamus, dentate nucleus, and pons was measured at unenhanced T1-weighted MR imaging.

291 nd occipital white matter, basal ganglia and pons was used to obtain a global cerebral small vessel d

292 In the medulla oblongata and pons, we detected Hoxa5 expression in many precerebellar

293 onderance of cerebellar afferents within the pons, we observed a significant positive correlation bet

294 The PV-ir cells of RVM and caudal pons were found medial to the facial nucleus and lateral

295 CBF responses to LD in the putamen and pons were relatively greater in patients exhibiting drug

296 Speciated particle-phase organic nitrates (pONs) were quantified using online chemical ionization M

297 Compared with SWM and pons, which do not fulfil the RR requirements and have l

298 e most common location for anomalies was the pons, which was involved in 114 patients.

299 adiations) or decreasing (brainstem, ventral pons) white matter volumes.

300 together with the hypothalamus midbrain and pons, yet R222 showed normal spatial memory as compared