ライフサイエンスコーパス: precancerous

1 in the validation set (4 normal, 2 cancer, 3 precancerous).

2 sitively selected mutations in the liver are precancerous.

3 tically reduced the formation of very early, precancerous aberrant crypt foci.

4 The prevalence of cancers and precancerous abnormalities of the uterus in women who un

5 Precancerous actinic keratoses (AKs) (17) and SCCs (27)

6 ail and Ercc1 proteins in human skin SCC and precancerous actinic keratoses.

7 ort upregulation of CBS in human biopsies of precancerous adenomatous polyps and show that forced upr

8 n our practice, many persons with history of precancerous anal lesions or high-grade anal intraepithe

9 Consistently, normalization of NO levels in precancerous and cancerous breast cells downmodulates TG

10 and validate biomarkers for the detection of precancerous and cancerous cells in assessing risk of ca

11 ion likely constitutes one mechanism whereby precancerous and cancerous cells might alleviate replica

12 l features of nuclear atypia associated with precancerous and cancerous changes in virtually all epit

13 ical analyses may assist in the diagnosis of precancerous and cancerous conjunctival lesions.

14 The analysis of human skin precancerous and cancerous lesions (47 cases) for C/EBPa

15 ogression of Helicobacter-induced disease to precancerous and cancerous lesions in the absence of MyD

16 ones observed during the exposure period to precancerous and cancerous lesions manifested in adultho

17 In precancerous and cancerous lesions, excessive growth sig

18 expression of 22 HCC-related miRNAs between precancerous and cancerous liver tissues, we found miR-2

19 reactive stroma compartment adjacent to both precancerous and cancerous prostate lesions.

20 features were found between normal and both precancerous and cancerous tissues.

21 eveloped for the prevention and treatment of precancerous and malignant diseases.

22 Analyses of precancerous and malignant Myc-expressing B cells reveal

23 taneously obtained noninvasively to identify precancerous and malignant subtypes within heterogeneous

24 mens from different cancer stages, including precancerous and metastatic cancers, although not in nor

25 samples, likely due to genome instability of precancerous and/or early cancer cells.

26 can effectively distinguish between normal, precancerous, and cancerous epithelial tissues.

27 ve analysis of protein expression in normal, precancerous, and early-stage tumor tissues.

28 a decrease in proliferation in tumors and in precancerous areas away from tumors.

29 In human Burkitt lymphoma and in precancerous B cells and lymphomas arising in Emu-Myc tr

30 In precancerous B cells and lymphomas that arise in Emu-Myc

31 and Bcl-2 expression is inhibited by Myc in precancerous B cells from Emu-myc transgenic mice.

32 Therefore, our results indicate that precancerous B cells have already acquired enhanced surv

33 In normal cells, and in precancerous B cells of E micro -myc transgenic mice, th

34 yc's proliferative or apoptotic responses in precancerous B cells.

35 p27(Kip1) and a reduced S phase fraction in precancerous B cells.

36 d stimulated BCR signaling were increased in precancerous B lymphocytes from Emu-myc mice compared wi

37 inoma cases (n = 2,390) and individuals with precancerous Barrett's esophagus (n = 3,175) with 10,120

38 Actinic keratoses, a precancerous benign skin growth and precursor to squamou

39 Precancerous BRCA1(mut/+) tissue harbors an aberrant pop

40 s in mammary cells, and loss of BRCA1 in the precancerous breast cell leads to centrosomal hypertroph

41 breast cancer-derived cell lines and in both precancerous breast lesions and advanced primary human b

42 sheds new light on the etiological basis of precancerous breast lesions and their potential preventi

43 Principally, using a precancerous cell line, we propose that CD66(high) cells

44 t stage in tumorigenesis is the ability of a precancerous cell to escape natural anticancer signals i

45 Precancerous cells acquire a few key mutations that driv

46 ontrolled STAT5 signaling going astray-these precancerous cells activate STAT5 in response to pregnan

47 Yet, the mitotic index of precancerous cells and the observable levels of fibrosis

48 estored to normal levels, Myc-overexpressing precancerous cells are more efficiently eliminated by pr

49 s of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and precancerous cells both in vitro and in vivo, and the Er

50 uggests that cancer prevention should target precancerous cells broadly and not be limited to PcSC.

51 FAD fluorescence lifetimes were observed in precancerous cells compared with normal cells.

52 ty UVB radiation will increase the number of precancerous cells dramatically compared with sporadic,

53 otection and cell death, thereby eliminating precancerous cells from the population.

54 ein profiles and histopathology: keratin 6a+ precancerous cells gave rise to adenocarcinoma, whereas

55 ous BRCA1 inactivation during tumorigenesis, precancerous cells must accumulate additional genetic al

56 genomic instability also slows cell growth, precancerous cells presumably require genomic re-stabili

57 Precancerous cells that enter S phase without appropriat

58 We observed that precancerous cells with constitutive Rheb activation thr

59 nt control designed to eliminate replicating precancerous cells, should they escape G(1) blockade med

60 Repo-Man expression blunts DDR activation in precancerous cells, whereas knockdown of Repo-Man in mal

61 the long-term survival and proliferation of precancerous cells.

62 53-activated transcription, and apoptosis in precancerous cells.

63 ad to different cellular fates in normal and precancerous cells.

64 w the immune system can recognize and target precancerous cells.

65 ) may play a critical role in development of precancerous cervical dysplasia and progression to invas

66 ho have received a diagnosis of a high-grade precancerous cervical lesion or cervical cancer, women w

67 mavirus (HPV) infection, and its sequelae of precancerous cervical lesions and their subsequent treat

68 nificantly increased detection of high-grade precancerous cervical lesions compared to cytology, in a

69 Cervical cancer and precancerous cervical lesions constitute a major problem

70 precursor fibrocytes adjacent to normal and precancerous CIN epithelium, and FSP1-, CD34-, SMA+ acti

71 cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN1) to precancerous CIN3 lesions.

72 ify novel serum markers of colon cancers and precancerous colon adenomas as potential candidates for

73 hange in care, enabling early detection of a precancerous colon polyp.

74 s in acromegaly is associated with increased precancerous colon polyps and soft tissue adenomas, wher

75 Here, we sequenced the exomes of 24, mostly precancerous, colon polyps.

76 y, ectopic expression of PDE10 in normal and precancerous colonocytes increases proliferation and act

77 c changes associated with the development of precancerous colorectal adenomas and their progression t

78 genesis using the azoxymethane (AOM)-induced precancerous colorectal lesion model in rats.

79 Barrett's oesophagus is a chronic precancerous condition that predisposes patients to the

80 ion of C130071C03Rik was upregulated even in precancerous conditions and markedly increased during gl

81 For precancerous conditions and suspected cancers, intermedi

82 tive potential of retinoids in cancerous and precancerous conditions of the uterine cervix.

83 aspirin on genetic/epigenetic alterations in precancerous conditions, i.e., atrophic mucosa (AM) and

84 al papillary mucinous neoplasias (IPMNs) are precancerous cystic lesions that can develop into pancre

85 carcinogenic HPV with greater certainty of a precancerous diagnosis, such that all 4 HPV tests almost

86 h as use of new terminology for indolent and precancerous disorders.

87 ry epithelia but is significantly reduced in precancerous ductal carcinoma in situ and all breast can

88 uspicious sites, guided biopsy of invisible, precancerous dysplasia becomes practicable.

89 tions are found at comparable frequencies in precancerous dysplasia, indicating that transformation r

90 dimensional image stacks of normal (n = 13), precancerous (dysplasia, n = 12; carcinoma in situ, n =

91 poptosis and in animals caused regression of precancerous dysplastic lesions.

92 orescence characteristics between normal and precancerous (dysplastic) tissues.

93 Precancerous early lesions are heterogeneous, and the ce

94 Further, Cks1 expression is elevated in precancerous Emu-Myc B cells, and high levels of Cks1 ar

95 y in their endometrium were shown to develop precancerous endometrial lesions with increasing age, an

96 ase 3 (active form) positive cells by 48% in precancerous epidermis away from tumors, by 68% in kerat

97 l adenocarcinoma vary, and CA9 expression in precancerous esophageal lesions has not been well studie

98 we have identified new molecular markers in precancerous esophagus and showed their restoration by z

99 plasia) and occasional "remote," nonadjacent precancerous foci.

100 genes, especially cagA inside MUC2-producing precancerous gastric cells and pleomorphic cancer cells.

101 d is expressed at higher levels in senescent precancerous human prostatic intraepithelial neoplasm le

102 d with Helicobacter pylori from gastritis to precancerous intestinal metaplasia, in human gastric org

103 vacA i1 allele was strongly associated with precancerous intestinal metaplasia, with almost complete

104 Precancerous isolates possessed a higher number of motif

105 The precancerous landscape in fallopian tubes contains multi

106 nd who do not have a history of a high-grade precancerous lesion (cervical intraepithelial neoplasia

107 to determine whether KRAS(G12D) would block precancerous lesion and tumor formation in follicles of

108 Metaplasia is a precancerous lesion associated with an increased risk fo

109 lastic aberrant crypt foci (ACF), a putative precancerous lesion found in the colon, exhibiting a ser

110 yclin E in esophageal adenocarcinoma and its precancerous lesion have not been well studied.

111 tivated in some actinic keratoses, the major precancerous lesion in human skin.

112 The precancerous lesion known as Barrett's oesophagus can ev

113 al supplementation of green tea extract on a precancerous lesion of oral cavity.

114 ed from 116 esophageal adenocarcinoma and 26 precancerous lesion patients using Affymetrix SNP 6.0 ar

115 NA methylation occurs within promoter before precancerous lesion plays a pivotal role that could help

116 mal cells usually have to progress through a precancerous lesion state before becoming a full-blown t

117 ell carcinoma in situ (SCCIS) is a prevalent precancerous lesion that can progress to cutaneous squam

118 t cuSCC arise in association with a distinct precancerous lesion, the actinic keratosis (AK).

119 t progression of ductal carcinoma in situ, a precancerous lesion.

120 olorectal cancer and 757 (7.6%) had advanced precancerous lesions (advanced adenomas or sessile serra

121 ect of stomach function that is disrupted in precancerous lesions (e.g. metaplasias, chronic atrophy)

122 Fbxw7 and Pten resulted in the formation of precancerous lesions (endometrioid intraepithelial neopl

123 ationships among multiple oral cancerous and precancerous lesions (MOCP), we analysed 100 lesions fro

124 tumor (OR = 4.57, 95% CI: 2.25 to 9.30) and precancerous lesions (OR = 1.55, 95% CI: 1.06 to 2.27).

125 ns was significantly associated with gastric precancerous lesions (OR = 2.51, 1.13-5.56) among those

126 dontal disease-related pathogens and gastric precancerous lesions among those with higher versus lowe

127 esophagus, stomach, and colon in people with precancerous lesions and a high risk of developing these

128 nd calibrated it to US epidemiologic data on precancerous lesions and cancer.

129 ubsequent HPV acquisition and progression to precancerous lesions and cancers.

130 CA9 expression in esophageal cancers and in precancerous lesions and explored the association of CA9

131 prostate gland susceptibility to adult-onset precancerous lesions and hormonal carcinogenesis.

132 tion of mutations that are seen within later precancerous lesions and in established malignancy can a

133 mined the expression of Claudin-2 in EAC and precancerous lesions and its association with VDR and TG

134 nd sensitive for the detection of high-grade precancerous lesions and may be used in primary cervical

135 iency leads to persistent DNA damage in both precancerous lesions and primary tumors.

136 l of cutaneous carcinogenesis that manifests precancerous lesions and SCCs resembling human disease.

137 iminate with a very high performance between precancerous lesions and T1a carcinoma (sensitivity, 100

138 is significantly affected in the presence of precancerous lesions and T1a carcinoma.

139 between periodontal disease and the risk for precancerous lesions and tumors generating a hypothesis

140 Most squamous cell anal cancers and precancerous lesions are attributed to human papillomavi

141 ation and endoscopic surveillance of gastric precancerous lesions are strategies to reduce gastric ca

142 n of infection with HPV 16/18 and associated precancerous lesions at the cervix.

143 ta-carotene has established efficacy in oral precancerous lesions but has no effect or slightly worse

144 integrity and serves as a cancer barrier in precancerous lesions but paradoxically may promote cance

145 which developmental chemical exposure causes precancerous lesions by altering cell fate.

146 cedure to discriminate between malignant and precancerous lesions by measuring the characteristics of

147 ore, both stem and non-stem cells in mammary precancerous lesions can contribute to the eventual canc

148 women worldwide, and early detection of its precancerous lesions can decrease mortality.

149 reported the underrepresentation of cervical precancerous lesions caused by human papillomavirus (HPV

150 ost human trials have been conducted against precancerous lesions for SCC.

151 ent mechanisms of neoplastic control prevent precancerous lesions from becoming fully malignant, iden

152 minimally deleted regions and their role in precancerous lesions have not been well characterized.

153 can lead to colon cancer that is preceded by precancerous lesions having submucosal inflammation and

154 ed oral pathogens is associated with gastric precancerous lesions in a cross-sectional study.

155 nogenesis and has been shown to regress oral precancerous lesions in humans.

156 Here, we show that VHL inactivation in precancerous lesions in kidneys from patients with VHL d

157 Tgfbr1 signaling promotes the development of precancerous lesions in mice.

158 epithelia, LSS imaging can be used to detect precancerous lesions in optically accessible organs.

159 liver toxicity and an increased incidence of precancerous lesions in the colon of HZ mice.

160 o reveal that ATM is activated in pancreatic precancerous lesions in the context of DNA damage and ce

161 e acetate promotes regression of cancers and precancerous lesions in the female lower reproductive tr

162 tiffens the extracellular matrix and induces precancerous lesions in the mammary tissues.

163 ompare the incidence, frequency, and size of precancerous lesions in the pancreas.

164 E7 in maintaining HPV-associated tumors and precancerous lesions in vivo, we generated Bi-L E7 trans

165 V vaccine (qHPV) reduces risk of anal cancer/precancerous lesions in young men who have sex with men

166 otein-positive (WAP+) cell subset in mammary precancerous lesions initiated by the Wnt1 oncogene.

167 These are characteristics of precancerous lesions of bile duct.

168 Paradoxically, the precancerous lesions of EL-Kras/Tgfbr1(+/-) mice were co

169 ise and challenge of studying STIC and other precancerous lesions of HGSC.

170 scopy could risk-stratify patients harboring precancerous lesions of the colon, using an optically me

171 Thus, remarkably, features of precancerous lesions often attributed to defects in cell

172 elops through a stochastic mechanism whereby precancerous lesions on occasion progress to multifocal

173 sion procedure (LEEP) treatment for cervical precancerous lesions on subsequent acquisition of new hu

174 PKCY Il22(-/-)mice did not develop precancerous lesions or pancreatic tumors.

175 Since precancerous lesions precede intestinal-type gastric can

176 s do not develop many of the novel tumors or precancerous lesions seen in Rb+-;p53-- compound mutants

177 Detection of precancerous lesions such as CR adenoma is a key to redu

178 nomas in the large intestine, similar to the precancerous lesions that develop in patients with FAP.

179 ate carcinogenesis can develop a spectrum of precancerous lesions that resemble human prostatic intra

180 event that can accelerate the transition of precancerous lesions to cancer.

181 The frequency of precancerous lesions was 4-fold lower in haploinsufficie

182 The sensitivity for detecting advanced precancerous lesions was 42.4% with DNA testing and 23.8

183 non-significant odds ratio (OR) for gastric precancerous lesions was observed in relation to increas

184 The development of the precancerous lesions was significantly reversed by the a

185 Our previous works suggest that although precancerous lesions were found in Pten heterozygous mic

186 A total of 800 adults with precancerous lesions were randomized to anti-H pylori tr

187 of developing pancreatic cancer to identify precancerous lesions while they are amenable to cure.

188 shown to detect both colorectal cancers and precancerous lesions with high accuracy.

189 s with squamous cell T1a carcinoma, ten with precancerous lesions with hyperkeratosis, and ten subjec

190 For precancerous lesions, 9 studies were included that analy

191 ls of selected bacterial species and gastric precancerous lesions, although an elevated but non-signi

192 qHPV vaccination against high-grade cervical precancerous lesions, among women vaccinated with 1, 2,

193 rogression, including delayed development of precancerous lesions, and decreased tumor growth and met

194 infection for high-risk types, prevalence of precancerous lesions, and incidence of cancer.

195 ing of mutational signatures in human cells, precancerous lesions, and primary or metastatic tumors a

196 n in 170 cases of esophageal cancer (EC) and precancerous lesions, as well as 20 cases of EC series s

197 the pancreatic phenotype evolved to resemble precancerous lesions, demonstrating that loss of Lkb1 wa

198 nt vaccines in Mexico were commonly found in precancerous lesions, evidencing their carcinogenic pote

199 n aberrant expression of MUC4 is reported in precancerous lesions, indicating its early involvement i

200 beta nonresponsive stromal cells resulted in precancerous lesions, only the mixture of TGF-beta respo

201 In early precancerous lesions, S100PBP is translocated to the cyt

202 Our findings suggest that certain precancerous lesions, such as Barrett's, initiate not fr

203 rocedures that can detect disease and remove precancerous lesions, there is a need for a model that e

204 ssociated with esophageal adenocarcinoma and precancerous lesions, which implies that Bmi-1 plays an

205 ays containing esophageal adenocarcinoma and precancerous lesions.

206 o enhance the detection of early cancers and precancerous lesions.

207 nd may forecast a similar effect on cervical precancerous lesions.

208 associated with an increased risk of gastric precancerous lesions.

209 ntiation following tissue damage, leading to precancerous lesions.

210 ith men (MSM) without history of anal cancer/precancerous lesions.

211 vated (phosphorylated at T68) in cancers and precancerous lesions.

212 the maintenance of cervical cancers and most precancerous lesions.

213 adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma and precancerous lesions.

214 cervical HPV 16/18 infections and associated precancerous lesions.

215 ancerous tissues including tissue containing precancerous lesions.

216 o accelerate the development of hyperplastic precancerous lesions.

217 or anal intraepithelial neoplasia (AIN) are precancerous lesions.

218 omozygous deletions in many cancer cells and precancerous lesions.

219 proliferation can be an initiating event for precancerous lesions.

220 characteristics similar to those reported in precancerous lesions.

221 f sustained protection against infection and precancerous lesions.

222 ectiveness of screening for and treatment of precancerous lesions.

223 ated cervical cytological abnormalities, and precancerous lesions.

224 epithelial cells and induce both benign and precancerous lesions.

225 has not been done to determine their role as precancerous lesions.

226 enesis, but have never been assessed in anal precancerous lesions.

227 essed in esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) and precancerous lesions.

228 r utility for detection of melanoma onset in precancerous lesions.

229 on, anogenital warts, and cervical cancer or precancerous lesions.

230 ich is universally accelerated in cancer and precancerous lesions.

231 elerate the development of H. pylori-induced precancerous lesions.

232 al predictor of the size and multiplicity of precancerous lesions.

233 nd rapid targeted therapy of colon cancer or precancerous lesions.

234 V testing for the identification of cervical precancerous lesions.

235 s were employed: 1) tumor (non-specific); 2) precancerous lesions; and 3) any oral soft tissue lesion

236 to show that tumors initiated from different precancerous mammary epithelial cells are distinct.

237 n zymogenic cells undergoing transition to a precancerous metaplastic state in mouse and human stomac

238 Elevated levels of Mdm2 in precancerous mice increased both the numerical and the s

239 s cells with DNA photoproducts from becoming precancerous mutant cells: apoptosis of ultraviolet-dama

240 k that CHIP poses in leading to dominance of precancerous mutant clones and the risk of donor derived

241 eleration of breast cancer may occur because precancerous mutations accumulate in many cellular linea

242 and, no aromatase expression was detected in precancerous (n = 42) or normal cervical (n = 17) tissue

243 r normal epithelial cells to eliminate their precancerous neighbors before they develop into fully fl

244 Intestinal polyposis, a precancerous neoplasia, results primarily from an abnorm

245 e beta-catenin pathway response and leads to precancerous nephrogenic rests.

246 and induces apoptosis in telomerase-positive precancerous or cancer cells but not in telomerase-negat

247 We applied the D3 platform to screen for precancerous or cancerous cells in cervical specimens an

248 in tumorigenesis by allowing the survival of precancerous or cancerous cells.

249 The ability of MRI to identify potential precancerous or early cancers in individuals at risk for

250 be overcome to allow the progression from a precancerous or preinvasive lesion to a malignant tumor.

251 he final pathologic diagnosis was cancerous, precancerous, or noncancerous but had the potential for

252 Precancerous outcomes were compared between unvaccinated

253 ies (RNS), such as nitrite, are generated in precancerous pancreases, which induce massive DNA damage

254 , we hypothesized the opposite process, that precancerous pancreatic cells secrete chemokines that ch

255 ADM lesions then convert to precancerous pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN

256 tous in human pancreatic cancer and initiate precancerous pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN

257 ignaling and led to chronic inflammation and precancerous pancreatic lesions (PanINs) in mice express

258 dense innervation in the microenvironment of precancerous pancreatic lesions, known as pancreatic int

259 adrenal and renal carcinoma) lesions and one precancerous (pancreatic mucinous carcinoma) lesion were

260 cient levels, accompanied by reversal of the precancerous phenotype.

261 deaths through the detection and removal of precancerous polyps.

262 Barrett's oesophagus (BO) is the only known precancerous precursor to OAC, but our understanding abo

263 l cases of cervical cancer and its immediate precancerous precursor, cervical intraepithelial neoplas

264 Shh-type medulloblastoma, we deleted Brg1 in precancerous progenitors and primary or transplanted tum

265 oplasia observed as the development of focal precancerous prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN).

266 on that result from heterozygosity in Apc, a precancerous situation, are comprehensively measured usi

267 te, which is licensed for the treatment of a precancerous skin condition (actinic keratosis), and pho

268 first-in-class drug for the treatment of the precancerous skin condition actinic keratosis.

269 ed for the treatment of actinic keratosis, a precancerous skin condition.

270 ls are reduced in human actinic keratosis, a precancerous skin lesion caused by solar UV.

271 cer therapeutic efficacy in the treatment of precancerous skin lesions and certain nonmelanoma skin c

272 t role in the development of skin cancer and precancerous skin lesions.

273 Furthermore, precancerous splenic B cells lacking Id2 do not exhibit

274 l redox ratio of live, engineered normal and precancerous squamous epithelial tissues.

275 ring hepatocarcinogenesis, starting from the precancerous stage, with a concomitant elevation of miR-

276 ignificantly up-regulated, starting from the precancerous stage.

277 human papillomavirus infection, and related precancerous stages in Kenya were carried out.

278 expression and protein level, of a positive precancerous state as indicated by increases in the expr

279 lete or 50% loss, 80% loss of PU.1 induced a precancerous state characterized by accumulation of an a

280 olecular marker that can be used to detect a precancerous state or identify which premalignant lesion

281 discovery of molecular markers to detect the precancerous state would have profound implications in t

282 stion, we identified a keratin 6a-expressing precancerous stem cell (PcSC) subset and a more differen

283 tes possessed a higher number of motifs, and precancerous strains from Nashville induced higher level

284 /suspect conditions vs. controls, cancer vs. precancerous/suspect conditions plus controls, and cance

285 analysis of mean log OTMs, for cancers plus precancerous/suspect conditions vs. controls, cancer vs.

286 Neutron irradiation giving a 5-Gy dose to precancerous tissue (corresponding to 21 Gy in tumor) re

287 ncomplete excision, reflected by presence of precancerous tissue at the section margins, or post-trea

288 tion in tumors was 67 +/- 16 ppm whereas the precancerous tissue contained 11 +/- 6 ppm, and the tumo

289 cation of the progesterone signaling axis in precancerous tissue from BRCA1 mutation carriers.

290 mild mucositis was observed in dose-limiting precancerous tissue with a sustained tumor response of 7

291 commonly attributed to unresected fields of precancerous tissue.

292 doscopists to distinguish between normal and precancerous tissues rapidly and to identify flat lesion

293 t between the superficial and basal cells in precancerous tissues.

294 s no significant change in NCR with depth in precancerous tissues.

295 ssues were well separated from those made on precancerous tissues.

296 The occurrence of uterine cancer and precancerous uterine lesions was determined.

297 he JCV genome and expression of T-antigen in precancerous villous adenomas and regions of invasive ad

298 presents a major challenge in laryngology as precancerous vocal fold lesions and small carcinomas are

299 between aging and CIN and the role of Mdm2, precancerous wild-type C57Bl/6 and littermate-matched Md

300 ed gene expression profiling analyses in the precancerous zinc-deficient esophagus and in zinc-replen