ライフサイエンスコーパス: predation

1 themselves from pathogen attack or herbivore predation.

2 tic factors, rather than for competition and predation.

3 hogens are vulnerable to lytic bacteriophage predation.

4 s for species threatened by habitat loss and predation.

5 such as freezing, are adaptive for avoiding predation.

6 s, especially oxygen conditions and apparent predation.

7 species, such as competition, mutualism and predation.

8 ey taxa and their relative susceptibility to predation.

9 in determining the susceptibility of prey to predation.

10 nt near the tail base, aiding in agility and predation.

11 t set, seeds per fruit, and escape from seed predation.

12 he tail to separate and the animal to escape predation.

13 ures using segmentation within the region of predation.

14 gg laying in nonsocial species minimizes egg predation.

15 R couples competence to bacteriocin-mediated predation.

16 e multicellularity can evolve in response to predation.

17 ery of their most important ecological role, predation.

18 traits provide effective protection against predation.

19 of the host, the alga Bryopsis sp., against predation.

20 ive means to increase the capture radius for predation.

21 ommodating diverse strategies of feeding and predation.

22 rs, anoxia zones, available food, and visual predation.

23 of spatial variation in selection imposed by predation.

24 a(v)) channels as a chemical defense against predation.

25 he result of habitat choices or differential predation.

26 d possibly mustelid Mustela and Martes spp., predation.

27 a dearth of archaeological evidence of human predation.

28 dor) with a second modality (color) to avoid predation.

29 ewards instead of insect protein gained from predation.

30 leted energy stores, all while vulnerable to predation [4, 5].

31 owing year, likely due to nest failures from predation and agricultural practices.

32 able would reduce juvenile susceptibility to predation and climatic factors overwinter.

33 ponding to intermicrobial phenomenon such as predation and communication.

34 elfly activity rates - a phenotype mediating predation and competition - weakened the strength of den

35 ity of interactions among species, including predation and competition.

36 aneously quantify the relative importance of predation and environmental fluctuations for species coe

37 involve a complex interplay of competition, predation and facilitation via carrion provisioning, and

38 ing essential tasks that include navigation, predation and foraging, predator avoidance, and numerous

39 es compete for crevices in the reef to avoid predation and goby mortality increases more rapidly with

40 ost with a means of chemical defence against predation and microbial infection.

41 Predation and mortality are often difficult to estimate

42 llite archival tags to investigate the ocean predation and mortality of adult Atlantic salmon (Salmo

43 gher body mass reduces agility and increases predation and mortality risk to subordinates.

44 cidae) rely on accurate depth perception for predation and navigation.

45 , whereas herbivores were more influenced by predation and parasitism (77%; 55 of 71 studies).

46 periment that urban frogs can reduce risk of predation and parasitism when moved to the forest, but t

47 thene-560 to their known biological roles of predation and phase variation, respectively.

48 lnerability of macrobenthic invertebrates to predation and strongly reduce secondary production acros

49 PSP can increase resistance to bacteriophage predation and that LTA galactosylation alters L. lactis

50 ns based on the balance between the costs of predation and those of engaging in antipredator behaviou

51 foraging activity being exposed to nocturnal predation and to heat during the day, suggesting a trade

52 .e. dampening) interaction between sportfish predation and warmer temperatures suggests redundancy of

53 In addition, fish predation and warming independently reduced the average

54 ere depleted or were responding to increased predation and/or higher light levels along the ice edge.

55 hese bacteria to persist under bacteriophage predation, and hold important implications for using bac

56 urposes, including to facilitate feeding, in predation, and in defence when attacked [4].

57 at effects of nutrient enrichment, simulated predation, and increased temperature are antagonistic, r

58 Biotic interactions such as competition, predation, and niche construction are fundamental driver

59 ts highly social behavior, co-ordinated pack predation, and striking vocal repertoire, but little is

60 sma gondii to the definitive feline host via predation, and this relationship has been extensively st

61 Although competition and predation are known to act simultaneously in communities

62 Inducible defences against predation are widespread in the natural world, allowing

63 l[Euphausia chrystallorophias]) responses to predation associated with the marginal ice zone (MIZ) of

64 density by disease at high prevalence or by predation at low prevalence.

65 Based on the outcomes of this predation attempt and published reports of other B. cons

66 re, we report the first evidence of a failed predation attempt by a pterosaur on a soft-bodied coleoi

67 Here we report an observed (filmed) predation attempt by an adult Boa constrictor (~ 2 m) on

68 correlate with wing damage caused by failed predation attempts, thereby providing the first robust m

69 usly, the potential value of familiarity for predation avoidance has been accorded less attention.

70 documented trade-off between growth rate and predation avoidance, which can also drive the slow-fast

71 ered by parasites increase susceptibility to predation because the predator is also a host (host-mani

72 he specific interactions-like cooperation or predation-between constituent species.

73 s, B. thetaiotaomicron escapes bacteriophage predation by altering expression of eight distinct phase

74 ive species' declines were related to direct predation by and resource overlap with non-native specie

75 have evolved diverse mechanisms to fend off predation by bacteriophages.

76 cases, provides effective protection against predation by birds.

77 uman gut commensal bacteria and subjected to predation by cognate lytic phages.

78 Predation by corallivores, such as the short coral snail

79 Our conclusion that intensifying predation by fish-eating killer whales contributes to th

80 do not account for top-down controls such as predation by grazers.

81 plankton activity (CHL values) and potential predation by higher trophic levels.

82 Predation by invertebrates appears to select for only so

83 y to hotter times of the day when exposed to predation by lions.

84 aises the question of whether size-selective predation by marine mammals is generating these trends i

85 Predation by marine mammals, most likely large deep-divi

86 mice is thought to generate vulnerability to predation by mechanisms that remain elusive.

87 Here, we show that predation by Polistes dominula, an invasive paper wasp t

88 as against enzymatic attack by lysozyme, and predation by protozoa.

89 s that differ in urchin biomass and keystone predation by sea otters.

90 The threat of predation by snakes is considered to have played a signi

91 axa-specific predation rates (i.e., rates of predation by snakes, raptors, or mesocarnivores) did not

92 t female elk (Cervus elaphus) to the risk of predation by wolves (Canis lupus) during winter in north

93 r, we lack studies which investigate whether predation can also explain broader patterns of mutualism

94 st population density since mortality due to predation can be compensated by a reduction in disease i

95 Fear of predation can induce profound changes in the behaviour a

96 Results show that predation can lead to a marked reduction in the prevalen

97 ory traits, such as the number of offspring, predation, cognition and seafinding (in turtles).

98 erns suggest that, at least for pelagic fish predation, common assumptions about the latitudinal dist

99 o real fish predators to directly assess the predation cost of leadership.

100 hat any benefits of leading may be offset by predation costs.

101 ducted in a temperate and a tropical region, predation decreased sessile invertebrate abundance, rich

102 ells to influence their environment, prevent predation, defeat competitors, or communicate.

103 plankton is 2-30 times higher than jellyfish predation, depending on ecosystem.

104 s in Bangladesh, as models to understand the predation dynamics in microcosms simulating aquatic envi

105 , under low initial predator concentrations, predation dynamics were faster with increasing viscosity

106 missive CPS variants is selected under phage predation, enabling survival.

107 The top-down action of Calanus finmarchicus predation enhances this environmental synchronising mech

108 ntation offers a selective advantage in high predation environments.

109 ta from 156 tagged fish revealed 22 definite predation events (14%) and 38 undetermined mortalities (

110 ommon predators (n = 13), with most of these predation events occurring in the Gulf of St.

111 group responses given the rarity of observed predation events.

112 multiple predators learn by observing single predation events.

113 ngline fisheries to estimate the strength of predation exerted by large predatory fish in the world's

114 nd this mismatch, we conducted a large-scale predation experiment in four countries, among which the

115 We hypothesized that fish predation facilitates the establishment of colonizing zo

116 dicated on the assumption that high rates of predation favor breeders that invest more in offspring q

117 gher degrees of placentation compared to low predation females, while number, size and quality of off

118 It ensures spatial colonization, nutrient predation, fertilization, and symbiosis with growth spee

119 originated from environments with different predation, flow, and resource regimes [10].

120 ractions with negative fitness effects (e.g. predation for prey, competition) generally decrease dive

121 may have evolved aggregation in response to predation, for functional specialisation or to allow lar

122 d by 'bottom-up' (resources) and 'top-down' (predation) forces.

123 es, while each tree species experienced seed predation from a median of two insect species.

124 , UK, have been linked to climate change and predation from great skuas Stercorarius skuas, but the i

125 found that species with higher rates of nest predation had shorter nestling periods, fledged young wi

126 s distinct from colour contrast, in reducing predation has been largely overlooked.

127 Predation has driven the evolution of diverse adaptation

128 esults that provide clear evidence that nest predation has increased significantly in shorebirds, esp

129 Such size-dependent seed predation has profound implications for coexistence amon

130 adjust their behaviour to reduce the risk of predation, has not been considered.

131 hat shifts in the microbiome caused by phage predation have a direct consequence on the gut metabolom

132 Stressor-exposed fish experienced higher predation; however, their ability to avoid predation imp

133 ance to altered environmental conditions and predation impacts in a calcifying foundation species.

134 r predation; however, their ability to avoid predation improved when they received supplemental TH.

135 de that ICP2 and ICP3 are better adapted for predation in a nutrient rich environment.

136 ours were clearly disparate, suggesting that predation in B. sinensis is derived from a different phy

137 Although there is strong evidence for phage predation in cholera patients, evidence is lacking for p

138 None of the phages were capable of predation in fresh water, and only ICP1 was able to prey

139 limate change has disrupted patterns of nest predation in shorebirds.

140 dies: fitness-dependent dispersal and strong predation in the ancestral niche coupled with the lack o

141 atial information is beneficial for avoiding predation in the arms race that drives the predator-prey

142 ether, these results demonstrate that strong predation in the tropics can have consequential impacts

143 the first report of protection conferred by predation in vivo against a systemic pathogen challenge.

144 ation to life in nutrient poor caves without predation includes the evolution of enhanced food seekin

145 Moreover, the probability of cormorant predation increased with multi-trip movement frequency a

146 Whereas acute stressors, such as predation, induce a rapid and energy-demanding fight-or-

147 s but, at the same time, cell death by viral predation influences, and is influenced by, resource ava

148 Counter to these predictions, we find that predation is (1) strongest in or near the temperate zone

149 of the biotic interactions hypothesis: that predation is (1) strongest near the equator, and (2) pos

150 In contrast, B. bacteriovorus predation is a more singular encounter between a lone pr

151 n conclusion that the global pattern of nest predation is disrupted in shorebirds.

152 Predation is hypothesized as one selective pressure that

153 Predation is initiated when conserved nematode ascarosid

154 Our results indicate that predation is likely driving the recurrent convergent evo

155 Direct evidence of successful or failed predation is rare in the fossil record but essential for

156 as model prey, we tested the hypothesis that predation is stronger at lower latitudes and can shape c

157 ore, our results support the hypothesis that predation is stronger in the tropics, but also elucidate

158 l of herbivores by plant traits that enhance predation, is a central component of plant-herbivore int

159 Prey are under selection to minimize predation losses.

160 but their lack of recovery suggests lionfish predation may be affecting recovery.

161 fe reservoir of tuberculosis, to examine how predation may contribute to disease control in multi-hos

162 h could suggest that migrant shorebirds show predation-minimizing behaviour during the post-breeding

163 Predation never selected for negative temporal autocorre

164 We found that phage predation not only directly impacts susceptible bacteria

165 ost dynamics suggesting active in situ viral predation of Halanaerobium.

166 under disruptive selection due to increased predation of nonmimetic hybrids and are used during mate

167 however, whether this is from scavenging or predation of seabirds, or through their discarded food i

168 lera patients, evidence is lacking for phage predation of V. cholerae in aquatic environments.

169 As a result, annual predations of pinnipeds by white sharks at SEFI were neg

170 Predation often has consistent effects on prey behavior

171 s in the most recent years suggest that fish predation on crustacean zooplankton is 2-30 times higher

172 In a mesocosm experiment simulating fish predation on damselflies, we found that selection agains

173 through resource competition and/or through predation on early life stages of fish.

174 nd highlights the importance of unrecognized predation on insects of conservation concern.

175 b, all of which were key characteristics for predation on Pleistocene megafauna [5].

176 ass and feeding ecology, ranging from active predation on relatively large prey to obligate scavengin

177 Predation on sentinel larvae was much higher in urban ga

178 We tested the effect of fish predation on the establishment and persistence of a zoop

179 unds in foraminiferal metabolism compared to predation or organic matter assimilation is unknown.

180 stribution of herbivore communities, such as predation or size-biased extinction, have the potential

181 tronger effects on taxa than changes in fish predation or trophic state mediated through primary prod

182 k and thus could have been driven by fear of predation over evolutionary time.

183 tributions among ecosystems conditioned seed predation patterns, with relatively large-seeded species

184 iated with predation risk: females from high predation populations had significantly higher degrees o

185 mporal response by female elk to the risk of predation posed by wolves in northern Yellowstone.

186 for the interacting environmental effects of predation pressure and food availability.

187 made use of this behaviour due to a lack of predation pressure and no record of autotomized tails in

188 be of overall higher quality but the lack of predation pressure and resource restrictions mask this e

189 an contact immediately releases animals from predation pressure and then imposes strong anthropogenic

190 rs in mesic grasslands will therefore weaken predation pressure belowground and increase populations

191 e.g., antibiotics to fight stress under the predation pressure of protists; however, impacts of anti

192 lling corallivore populations, and therefore predation pressure on corals, remains limited.

193 ronmental conditions, population density, or predation pressure, and upon germination provide a seed

194 suggests enhanced protection under increased predation pressure.

195 ds, and suggest a defensive strategy against predation, previously only known from trilobites preserv

196 the widely documented pattern that keystone predation promotes biodiversity.

197 ve evolved diverse strategies that deter egg predation, providing valuable tests of how natural selec

198 Taxa-specific predation rates (i.e., rates of predation by snakes, rap

199 Both the estimated predation rates (Z(P)) and total mortality rates (Z(M))

200 They report that predation rates have increased since the 1950s, especial

201 opland area, predator augmentation increased predation rates, reduced pest abundance and plant damage

202 Additional experiments demonstrated that predation reduced invertebrate recruitment in the tropic

203 Further, predation reduced invertebrate richness at both local an

204 ortisol was not consistently associated with predation regime.

205 r use of areas characterized by more or less predation risk across hours of the day, and estimated en

206 activity levels and speed influence realized predation risk across species in a community.

207 pression: exposing mothers versus fathers to predation risk activated different transcriptional profi

208 In vertebrates, predation risk activates the hypothalamic-pituitary-adre

209 Here, we investigated how predation risk affects a suite of maternally-derived ste

210 Here we examine different ways in which predation risk affects male signaling and female choice.

211 prey population size into a chain of events (predation risk affects prey traits, which affect prey fi

212 Thus, although likely that predation risk alone can alter prey population size, the

213 body size of an herbivore community (such as predation risk and food availability) influence the rati

214 e found sharp declines in rodents' perceived predation risk and increased rodent activity underneath

215 l knowledge about small-scale differences in predation risk and information about efficient escape ro

216 s, fathers or both parents to visual cues of predation risk and measured offspring antipredator trait

217 of how environmental context interacts with predation risk and prey responses.

218 aches to managing trade-offs between forage, predation risk and severe winter conditions.

219 ly, we explore how other constraints such as predation risk and thermoregulation are connected to thi

220 ring the day, suggesting a trade-off between predation risk and thermoregulation mediated by body siz

221 beaked whales has benefits for abatement of predation risk and thus could have been driven by fear o

222 may be homogenizing rodents' perceptions of predation risk and thus shaping their use of space.

223 C4 stage to adult is altered in response to predation risk and varying food availability, to ultimat

224 ial heterogeneity in visibility (a proxy for predation risk and/or food availability) and rainfall (a

225 anti-predator behaviour when direct cues of predation risk are unclear and do not allow prey to iden

226 We also tested if female choice depends on predation risk by submitting females to a two-choice tes

227 We sought to understand if exposing males to predation risk can influence grandoffspring via sperm in

228 Predation risk caused upregulation of lipid catabolism w

229 t to which prey space use actively minimizes predation risk continues to ignite controversy.

230 nt post-breeding, additional factors such as predation risk could lead to time constraints that were

231 The lipid metabolism response to predation risk differed depending on food availability,

232 Diverse and extensive evidence shows that predation risk directly influences prey traits, such as

233 Under low food conditions, predation risk disrupted lipid accumulation.

234 We increased adult predation risk during incubation for 40 bird species in

235 more evidence to substantiate the claim that predation risk effects extend to prey population size.

236 ne relationship between the population-level predation risk experienced by mothers and the steroids m

237 r hunting domain that prey exploit to manage predation risk from multiple sources.

238 Predation risk has been shown to regulate mutualism dyna

239 e used RNA sequencing to assess if perceived predation risk in combination with varied food availabil

240 and consequences of prey spatial response to predation risk in environments with more than one predat

241 antified how butterfly species traits affect predation risk in nature by determining how defensive tr

242 ement decisions highlights the importance of predation risk in shaping movement patterns, which can r

243 d by a chronic pain-producing injury reduced predation risk in squid (Doryteuthis pealeii).

244 ht the synergistic effects of scavenging and predation risk in structuring carnivore communities, sug

245 g us to directly link migratory behaviour to predation risk in the wild.

246 rypsis reduces attack rates on resting prey, predation risk increases with increased prey activity, a

247 Herein we break down the process of how predation risk influences prey population size into a ch

248 hich were relatively bold at high tide (when predation risk is greater) were similarly bold at low ti

249 xisting escape theory that predicts how much predation risk is perceived by directionally moving prey

250 t be assumed, and non-consumptive effects of predation risk may be a widespread constraint on species

251 e in an African savanna shaped the perceived predation risk of small mammals, hence affecting their a

252 theory with OFT to incorporate the effect of predation risk on diet choice to assemble food webs.

253 ould inspire future studies on the impact of predation risk on population-level responses in free-liv

254 be compromised by other constraints, such as predation risk or starvation.

255 d shifts in vegetation cover use in reducing predation risk should depend upon the predator behaviour

256 Thus, predation risk significantly affects food-web structure

257 hypothesized that the CHs pose an increased predation risk to young calves for cattle farmers in Nam

258 elk movements were random with reference to predation risk using a null model approach.

259 ey to economise on the costs of defence when predation risk varies over time or is spatially structur

260 Therefore, it is expected that predation risk will shape the evolution of sexual commun

261 their energy intake, energy expenditure and predation risk, and collectively defining how they engag

262 nsensus include inconsistent measurements of predation risk, biased spatiotemporal scales at which re

263 en their paternal grandfather was exposed to predation risk, female F2s were heavier and showed a red

264 Animals are responsive to predation risk, often seeking safer habitats at the cost

265 In studying the influence of prey traits on predation risk, previous researchers have shown that cry

266 hypotheses related to spatial influences of predation risk, prey availability, and vegetation comple

267 r, but not both grandfathers, was exposed to predation risk, suggesting the potential for non-additiv

268 By experimentally simulating predation risk, we demonstrate that this behavior was re

269 stigate how specific habitat features affect predation risk, we developed an individual-based model o

270 en their maternal grandfather was exposed to predation risk.

271 incorporating spatiotemporal distribution of predation risk.

272 ut the spatial distribution of resources and predation risk.

273 d explore links between migratory traits and predation risk.

274 ads to a larger change in travel speed under predation risk.

275 e attractive call was associated with higher predation risk.

276 on among natural populations associated with predation risk: females from high predation populations

277 es of GPS-collared elk and three measures of predation risk: the intensity of wolf space use, the dis

278 nding the responses of stationary prey under predation risk; however, current models are not applicab

279 d migration and suggest that both energy and predation-risk constrain migratory behaviour during the

280 in predatory or foraging behavior, including predation scars on trilobites [7], directionality of inv

281 thesized data from 256 studies of intraguild predation, scavenging, kleptoparisitism and resource ava

282 Predation selected for interannual variability in Medite

283 h, and marine invertebrates clustered in the predation selection category.

284 inea) to determine whether predispersal seed predation selects for plant phenotypes that mast.

285 tiation with regard to food requirements and predation sensitivity.

286 Considering how novelty acts throughout the predation sequence could improve our understanding of pr

287 hared by all predator-prey interactions (the predation sequence).

288 Two different artificial predation strategies are spatially and temporally couple

289 herbivore natural enemies that boosts their predation success by increasing the probability of host

290 alter the behavior of their prey to increase predation success is unknown.

291 n developmental rates and (b) size-selective predation that altered the identity of species' that cou

292 Shifts in keystone predation that favor increases in herbivore abundance te

293 e report a remarkable instance of fossilized predation that provides direct evidence for the function

294 results suggest that climate can drive wolf predation to be more or less additive from year to year.

295 We quantified predation towards the highly invasive Asian tiger mosqui

296 was confined to open habitats, risk of lynx predation was more diffuse, with no clear refuge areas.

297 e key factor that regulates the intensity of predation, we explore the community-level implications o

298 en reduces extrinsic mortality (e.g. reduced predation), which favors species exclusion in the first

299 ger interspecific competition and intraguild predation, while the consumption of human foods signific

300 We combine a task that mimics foraging under predation with behavioural modelling and functional neur

301 hip in moving animal groups is assumed to be predation, with individuals leading from the front of gr