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1 tide and an RNA segment, epsilon, present on pregenomic RNA.
2 otein and the DNA polymerase and also is the pregenomic RNA.
3 mmediately prior to the encapsidation of the pregenomic RNA.
4 d the phenotype of enhanced encapsidation of pregenomic RNA.
5 ated sensing of the 5'-epsilon region of HBV pregenomic RNA.
6 mer construct, with the former overproducing pregenomic RNA.
7 nent regulatory role in the encapsidation of pregenomic RNA.
8 ar relaxed circular double-stranded DNA, and pregenomic RNA.
9 number of nucleotides from the 5' end of the pregenomic RNA.
10 most likely binding of the polymerase to the pregenomic RNA.
11 reverse transcriptase ("polymerase") and the pregenomic RNA.
12  prevent the proper encapsidation of the HBV pregenomic RNA.
13 riptase binds cotranslationally to the viral pregenomic RNA.
14 3 kb of full-length in vitro-transcribed HBV pregenomic RNA.
15 ly repressed synthesis of both the pre-C and pregenomic RNAs.
16 lently closed DNA, relaxed circular DNA, and pregenomic RNA: 5.6, 2.4, and 1.1 copies/1000 cells, res
17 This clone, named HDE1, expresses a chimeric pregenomic RNA, a chimeric polymerase (P) protein, and a
18 ends upon cis-acting elements present in its pregenomic RNA and a trans-acting protein (P6) which is
19                 A time-dependent increase in pregenomic RNA and efficient synthesis of covalently clo
20 in dimer bound and encapsidated both the HBV pregenomic RNA and heterologous RNA with high levels of
21 apy, as are lower intrahepatic levels of HBV pregenomic RNA and pre-activated host immune responses.
22 rocess leading to (1) the packaging of viral pregenomic RNA and reverse transcriptase into nucleocaps
23 es support transcription of the 3.5-kb viral pregenomic RNA and subsequent viral DNA synthesis by rev
24      Likewise, no activation of synthesis of pregenomic RNA and viral DNA by PPARalpha-RXRalpha was o
25  significantly higher levels of synthesis of pregenomic RNA and viral DNA than wild-type HBV in coexp
26 gonized each other's effects on synthesis of pregenomic RNA and viral DNA when they were co-overexpre
27 ntial target sites were found within the HBV pregenomic RNA, and 17 sites conserved in all four subty
28 ids by monitoring the levels of genomic DNA, pregenomic RNA, and antigens.
29 the canonical HBV core promoter transcripts, pregenomic RNA, and precore RNA in multiple HBV cell cul
30 mediate DNA, covalently closed circular DNA, pregenomic RNA, and the percentage of WHV core antigen-p
31 trical capsid (built of core protein), viral pregenomic RNA, and viral reverse transcriptase.
32 first 74 nucleotides of the 7,954-nucleotide pregenomic RNA appears to be essential for P6 to transac
33 taining the viral single-stranded DNA or the pregenomic RNA are incompetent for either envelopment or
34 nerated by the final RNase H cleavage of the pregenomic RNA at an 11 nt sequence called DR1 during th
35  site lesions produced a modest reduction of pregenomic RNA but had no impact on viral DNA synthesis.
36 re-than-10-fold increase in synthesis of the pregenomic RNA but to only a 2- to 3-fold increase in sy
37 hepadnaviruses is reverse transcribed from a pregenomic RNA by a viral polymerase (Pol) harboring bot
38 ignal (the packaging signal, epsilon) on the pregenomic RNA by the viral reverse transcriptase (RT).
39 e preferential reduction in the level of the pregenomic RNA compared with that of precore RNA.
40 tis B virus (HBV) replication by eliminating pregenomic RNA containing viral capsids from the hepatoc
41 IFN-alpha/beta or IFN-gamma, which eliminate pregenomic RNA-containing capsids from the cells as they
42                                          The pregenomic RNA directs replication of the hepatitis B vi
43  HNF4 and TR2) or activated synthesis of the pregenomic RNA (e.g., PPARgamma-RXRalpha), other members
44 isense RNA was found to reduce the amount of pregenomic RNA encapsidated into core particles as a mol
45 Here we study the thermodynamic basis of the pregenomic RNA encapsidation in human Hepatitis B virus
46 ng the F501L substitution showed a decreased pregenomic RNA encapsidation level, suggesting that the
47  to affect both core protein translation and pregenomic RNA encapsidation.
48                                          The pregenomic RNAs encode both the nucleocapsid protein and
49                                 However, the pregenomic RNA, endogenous polymerase activity, and core
50 ability to generate the terminally redundant pregenomic RNA essential for genome replication.
51 cells, lesions in the HNF-1 site inactivated pregenomic RNA expression and viral reverse transcriptio
52 volves the transcription of the 3.5-kb viral pregenomic RNA, followed by its reverse transcription in
53 g an inducible viral genome implicated viral pregenomic RNA in apolipoprotein mRNA reduction.
54 II is primarily devoted to the regulation of pregenomic RNA in WHV, (ii) HNF-1 is essential for EnII
55 atitis B viral DNA genome proceeds through a pregenomic RNA intermediate.
56  for the hepadnavirus-typical replication of pregenomic RNA into relaxed circular double-stranded DNA
57 a result of increased viral encapsidation of pregenomic RNA into the core particles.
58 ptase to convert an RNA intermediate, termed pregenomic RNA, into the relaxed circular DNA genome, wh
59            The duck hepatitis B virus (DHBV) pregenomic RNA is a bicistronic mRNA encoding the core a
60 action assay and determined that full-length pregenomic RNA is the primary source.
61                                          The pregenomic RNA is the template for reverse transcription
62 ts indicated that synthesis of the pre-C and pregenomic RNAs is directed by two distinct promoters an
63 terized by a more efficient encapsidation of pregenomic RNA leading to highly enhanced replication.
64                       Lower intrahepatic HBV pregenomic RNA levels and 25 predictive genes were ident
65 iRNA, Northern blot analysis showed that HBV pregenomic RNA levels were decreased by 72%, and levels
66 ld repression of synthesis of both pre-C and pregenomic RNAs mediated through either NRRE(preC) or NR
67 atial regulation of the genes present on the pregenomic RNA of FMV.
68   The epsilon stem-loop at the 5' end of the pregenomic RNA of the hepatitis B viruses is both the pr
69                   Synthesis of the pre-C and pregenomic RNAs of human hepatitis B virus (HBV) is dire
70 alently closed circular DNA (cccDNA), plasma pregenomic RNA, or hepatitis B core-related antigen.
71               In addition to packaging viral pregenomic RNA (pgRNA) and DNA polymerase complex into n
72 ously, was performed to measure encapsidated pregenomic RNA (pgRNA) and minus-strand DNA synthesized
73   The capsid protein (Cp) packages the viral pregenomic RNA (pgRNA) and polymerase to form the HBV co
74 plication by decreasing the transcription of pregenomic RNA (pgRNA) and subgenomic RNA from the HBV c
75 otein specifically encapsidates a complex of pregenomic RNA (pgRNA) and viral polymerase; it has been
76 V) capsid proteins (Cps) assemble around the pregenomic RNA (pgRNA) and viral reverse transcriptase (
77 ignal (the packaging signal, epsilon) on the pregenomic RNA (pgRNA) by the viral reverse transcriptas
78 NA genome through reverse transcription of a pregenomic RNA (pgRNA) by using a multifunctional polyme
79 NA genome through reverse transcription of a pregenomic RNA (pgRNA) by using a multifunctional polyme
80  and the ZAP-responsive element (ZRE) of HBV pregenomic RNA (pgRNA) contains a stem-loop structure, s
81 scriptional transactivator, while the 3.5-kb pregenomic RNA (pgRNA) drives core and P protein transla
82  terminal regions of hepatitis B virus (HBV) pregenomic RNA (pgRNA) harbors sites governing many esse
83 o >7 years exposure), quantifying cccDNA and pregenomic RNA (pgRNA) in each cell using droplet digita
84  visualized core (Cp), polymerase (Pol), and pregenomic RNA (pgRNA) in infected cells.
85                    Packaging of hepadnavirus pregenomic RNA (pgRNA) into capsids, or encapsidation, r
86 s B virus (HBV) begins with packaging of the pregenomic RNA (pgRNA) into immature nucleocapsids (NC),
87 o identify other cis-acting sequences on the pregenomic RNA (pgRNA) involved in the synthesis of minu
88                                          The pregenomic RNA (pgRNA) of hepadnaviruses is packaged int
89                                          The pregenomic RNA (pgRNA) of hepatitis B virus (HBV) serves
90 showed little effects on capsid assembly and pregenomic RNA (pgRNA) packaging but impaired the integr
91 T-epsilon interaction with those for in vivo pregenomic RNA (pgRNA) packaging clearly indicated that
92                                              Pregenomic RNA (pgRNA) plays two major roles in the hepa
93 ther analysis showed that HNF6 reduced viral pregenomic RNA (pgRNA) posttranscriptionally via acceler
94 nt in multiple copies in and adjacent to the pregenomic RNA (pgRNA) terminal redundancy, that were sp
95 conventional HBV polyadenylation signal; (v) pregenomic RNA (pgRNA) was the major component of the po
96 scription (RT) of an RNA intermediate termed pregenomic RNA (pgRNA) within core particles in the cyto
97  required for efficient encapsidation of its pregenomic RNA (pgRNA), epsilon and region II.
98 se transcription of an RNA intermediate, the pregenomic RNA (pgRNA), in the viral capsid within an in
99                    In addition to the 3.5-kb pregenomic RNA (pgRNA), the mutant preferentially encaps
100 NA genome upon transcription gives rise to a pregenomic RNA (pgRNA), which serves as a template for r
101 transcription of an RNA intermediate, termed pregenomic RNA (pgRNA), within nucleocapsid.
102 ere we show that the pool of cytoplasmic HBV pregenomic RNA (pgRNA)-containing capsids is reduced 10-
103 ds dose dependently inhibit the formation of pregenomic RNA (pgRNA)-containing nucleocapsids of HBV b
104 at replicates via reverse transcription of a pregenomic RNA (pgRNA).
105  the CTD does contribute to encapsidation of pregenomic RNA (pgRNA).
106  transcription of an RNA intermediate termed pregenomic RNA (pgRNA).
107 quired for specifically binding to the viral pregenomic RNA (pgRNA).
108 overlaps the core (C) ORF on the bicistronic pregenomic RNA (pgRNA).
109 n icosahedral capsid that packages the viral pregenomic RNA (pgRNA).
110 te this DNA through an RNA intermediate (the pregenomic RNA, pgRNA) by reverse transcription.
111                                   The 3.5-kb pregenomic RNA produces core and polymerase (P) proteins
112 d to the downregulation of viral protein and pregenomic RNA production.
113 r II (EnII) is located upstream of the major pregenomic RNA promoter and is thought to play an import
114 ages corresponding to encapsidation of viral pregenomic RNA, reverse transcription, and restriction t
115 (nucleotides 1772 to 1859) located 5' to the pregenomic RNA start site.
116                                          The pregenomic RNA structure and the capsid stoichiometry im
117                                         This pregenomic RNA subsequently serves as the template for t
118 ective ligands led to a fourfold increase in pregenomic RNA synthesis and a four- to fivefold increas
119  heterodimer support hepatitis B virus (HBV) pregenomic RNA synthesis and viral replication in nonhep
120  HNF3 and HNF4 synergistically activate DHBV pregenomic RNA synthesis and viral replication.
121 r receptors are a primary determinant of HBV pregenomic RNA synthesis and, hence, viral replication.
122 reC,) played the major role in activation of pregenomic RNA synthesis by HNF4alpha.
123 lication can occur in nonhepatoma cells when pregenomic RNA synthesis from viral DNA is activated by
124 vations indicate that HBV transcription, and pregenomic RNA synthesis in particular, is regulated by
125                                       As HBV pregenomic RNA synthesis is primarily believed to be reg
126 plication in nonhepatic cells by controlling pregenomic RNA synthesis, indicating these liver-enriche
127 iral life cycle, including the generation of pregenomic RNA, synthesis of core and polymerase protein
128 ignal (the packaging signal, epsilon) on the pregenomic RNA template by the viral reverse transcripta
129 he RT and an RNA signal located on the viral pregenomic RNA, termed epsilon, and is initiated through
130 m position on a bicistronic mRNA, called the pregenomic RNA, through a poorly characterized ribosomal
131  reverse transcriptase, which pins the viral pregenomic RNA to the capsid inner surface.
132 ed mutations resulted in a minor increase of pregenomic RNA transcription (two- to threefold) and a m
133 transcription factors known to support viral pregenomic RNA transcription and replication.
134  In contrast, HNF4 supports higher levels of pregenomic RNA transcription from the variant than from
135  alpha heterodimers support higher levels of pregenomic RNA transcription from the wild-type than fro
136 tions resulted in only a twofold increase in pregenomic RNA transcription.
137  in encapsidation was largely independent of pregenomic RNA transcription.
138 irect competition assays, no specificity for pregenomic RNA was observed.
139                   Synthesis of the pre-C and pregenomic RNAs was affected both in transfected hepatom
140             HBV DNA replication is driven by pregenomic RNA, which is controlled by core promoter (CP

 
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