ライフサイエンスコーパス: premotor

1 circuits serve a learning role that is only premotor.

2 Premotor A53T SNCA carriers had loss of [(11)C]DASB non-

3 The presence of serotonergic pathology in premotor A53T SNCA carriers preceded development of dopa

4 Compared with healthy controls, premotor A53T SNCA carriers showed loss of [(11)C]DASB n

5 ryngeal nerve while simultaneously recording premotor activity at the population and single-cell leve

6 text, male HVC neurons displayed stereotypic premotor activity in relation to active calling and show

7 ensory responses in the dorsal divisions and premotor activity in ventral divisions of the SC.

8 issue of Neuron, Chen et al. (2017) examine premotor activity representing motor planning, Allen et

9 he same circuits convert spatial patterns of premotor activity to temporal profiles of motor control

10 , and blocking this signal eliminates normal premotor activity.

11 Two additional networks, a parieto-premotor and a temporal one, exhibited both social and p

12 Neural activity in the premotor and motor cortices shows prominent structure in

13 more for trained than untrained sequences in premotor and parietal areas, without any evidence of lea

14 Walk-and-reach targets could be decoded from premotor and parietal but not motor cortical activity du

15 ted motor cortex (M1) and a small portion of premotor and parietal cortex using intracortical microst

16 action priors affect action-goal encoding in premotor and parietal cortices and if they bias subseque

17 resentations substantially overlapped in the premotor and parietal cortices, whereas individual movem

18 Premotor and parietal regions also exhibited changes in

19 e densest with adjoining parts of the dorsal premotor and prefrontal cortex (PFC).

20 ivity and the local field potential (LFP) in premotor and prefrontal cortex during motor and cognitiv

21 STATEMENT This study focuses on how macaque premotor and primary motor cortices transform sensory in

22 number of incoming synapses balanced between premotor and rhythmogenic neurons, then our simulations

23 distress was preferentially associated with premotor and somatosensory cortical activity.

24 Analysis of premotor and striatal dynamics, together with a large se

25 during low SNR strong entrainment emerged in premotor and superior frontal cortex.

26 and/or degree values in several prefrontal, premotor and temporal regions, as well as stronger intra

27 eriment shows that human posterior parietal, premotor, and body-selective visual brain areas respond

28 somatosensory cortex and neighboring motor, premotor, and inferior parietal regions, and tonic compo

29 r parietal, bilateral occipitotemporal, left premotor, and left middle frontal cortex.

30 ore cortical network of occipital, parietal, premotor, and prefrontal areas maximally activated by ta

31 and show that the supplementary motor area, premotor, and the right prefrontal cortex are involved i

32 Yet, inactivation of a downstream premotor area (ALM), but not orbitofrontal cortex, confi

33 Premotor area F5 acted as a hub that shared the visual c

34 , we compared the response of monkey ventral premotor area F5 neurons tested during pragmatic (PT) or

35 g of area HVC in the Bengalese finch brain-a premotor area homologous to the mammalian premotor corte

36 esponses in the owl's forebrain and midbrain premotor area that are consistent with coding schemes pr

37 s in medial frontal cortex, but not a nearby premotor area, encode the relative value of available op

38 These premotor areas are components of complex anatomical netw

39 What is the role of ipsilateral motor and premotor areas in motor learning?

40 rders indicates increased neural activity in premotor areas in patients with hypokinetic catatonia.

41 direct and prominent as that from any of the premotor areas in the frontal lobe.

42 the various layers of the primary motor and premotor areas varies depending on the target striatal z

43 k to their respective subpallial sensory and premotor areas, as found by previous studies.

44 shape includes, in addition to parietal and premotor areas, three clearly distinct regions in infero

45 al regions coordinated with sensorimotor and premotor areas.

46 al connectivity of M1 with somatosensory and premotor areas.

47 ty along the ventral stream and the auditory-premotor axis.

48 were associated with lesions in left dorsal premotor but not parietal cortex.

49 ned climbing fibre collateral input to large premotor CbN cells over development by virally expressin

50 ls in both regions were identified as likely premotor cells, with monosynaptic connections to motoneu

51 of the trigeminal motor system to elucidate premotor centers controlling Schnauzenorgan movements, w

52 om upstream/forebrain circuits to downstream premotor centers.

53 revealed that most of these structures share premotor characteristics, while some indeed constitute t

54 , acetylcholine can act directly on cortical premotor circuitry to adaptively shape behavior.

55 stream of anterior Wave neurons, we identify premotor circuits including the neuron A03a5, which toge

56 the mid- and hindbrain, where they activate premotor circuits involved in swimming and sensorimotor

57 Where and how the evaluative and premotor circuits operate within the brain to enable suc

58 by changes to functional connectivity within premotor circuits, but whether the specificity of learni

59 erating core of the preBotC, as well as some premotor circuits, consist of interneurons derived from

60 hanisms alone, but also depend on developing premotor circuits.

61 or elucidating the underlying evaluative and premotor circuits.

62 contrast, they receive input from divergent premotor circuits.

63 -making by retrogradely inhibiting a pair of premotor command interneurons, AVA, that control choline

64 However, little is known about the premotor control pathways that coordinate the movements

65 actile stimulus patterns, the primate dorsal premotor cortex (DPC) neurons exhibit a complex repertoi

66 eurons (PTNs) within macaque rostral ventral premotor cortex (F5) and (M1) provide direct input to sp

67 For example, classic studies of vocal-premotor cortex (HVC, acronym is name) in male zebra fin

68 al (v) and dorsal (d) regions of the lateral premotor cortex (LPMC) to spinal levels C5-T1.

69 ty emerged during learning, originating from premotor cortex (M2), and M2 became predictive of the ac

70 n show that neural populations in the medial premotor cortex (MPC) contain an accurate trial-by-trial

71 asked how oscillatory dynamics in the medial premotor cortex (MPC) contribute to supramodal perceptua

72 vioral data, ensemble recordings from medial premotor cortex (MPC) in macaque monkeys, and computatio

73 The premotor cortex (PM) receives inputs from parietal corti

74 ietal areas, from primary motor cortex (M1), premotor cortex (PM), the supplementary motor area (SMA)

75 a regular grid of 8 spots covering the left premotor cortex (PMC) and 2 Sham stimulations.

76 ections with functionally matched domains in premotor cortex (PMC) and motor cortex (M1).

77 agnetic stimulation spots covering the whole premotor cortex (PMC), to identify with accurate spatial

78 reaching tasks with multiple targets, dorsal premotor cortex (PMd) appears to represent all possible

79 amined population-level responses in macaque premotor cortex (PMd) during the preparatory stage of an

80 ENT For reach-to-grasp movements, the dorsal premotor cortex (PMd) has been implicated in the control

81 As part of these networks, the dorsal premotor cortex (PMd) has been implicated in the control

82 The dorsal premotor cortex (PMd) has long been thought to be a crit

83 d responses in dorsal premotor cortex.Dorsal premotor cortex (PMd) is thought to be involved in makin

84 ing cell activity simultaneously from dorsal premotor cortex (PMd) of two male interacting monkeys tr

85 appeared in both tasks, responses of dorsal premotor cortex (PMd) units covaried with action choices

86 Activity in anterior insular cortex (AIC), premotor cortex (PMd), and inferior parietal lobule (IPL

87 The premotor cortex-particularly the dorsal premotor cortex (PMd)-may be a promising alternative tar

88 Inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), ventral premotor cortex (PMv) and inferior parietal lobule (IPL)

89 ng movements of the arm, whereas the ventral premotor cortex (PMv) has been associated with the contr

90 ng movements of the arm, whereas the ventral premotor cortex (PMv) has been associated with the contr

91 posterior parietal cortex (PPC) and ventral premotor cortex (PMv) represent the position of the uppe

92 Other connections were with ventral premotor cortex (PMV), the caudal half of posterior pari

93 nts are represented in the hand knob area of premotor cortex (precentral gyrus) in people with tetrap

94 ral premotor cortex (rPMv), the right dorsal premotor cortex (rPMd) or the supplementary motor area (

95 d over the right M1 (rM1), the right ventral premotor cortex (rPMv), the right dorsal premotor cortex

96 e imaging (fMRI), we show that in the medial premotor cortex (supplementary motor area [SMA]) of the

97 rimary somatosensory cortex (S1) and ventral premotor cortex (vPM) in nonhuman primates presented wit

98 acellular filling in acute slices of ventral premotor cortex (vPMC) from rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulat

99 Caudal dorsal premotor cortex activity was associated with both psycho

100 er connectivity in the alpha band with right premotor cortex and left insular-temporal cortex a netwo

101 represent separate cerebellar inputs to the premotor cortex and M1.

102 tex may reveal cerebellar inputs to both the premotor cortex and M1.

103 eling to compare population dynamics between premotor cortex and striatum in mice performing a two-in

104 an attenuated reduction in beta power in the premotor cortex and supplementary motor area.

105 an attenuated reduction in beta power in the premotor cortex and supplementary motor area.

106 courtship songs by acting on a region of the premotor cortex called HVC.

107 Our data suggest premotor cortex could be tested as a target region for n

108 applied over either the motor hotspot or the premotor cortex demonstrated high inter-individual varia

109 profiles of individual neurons in the dorsal premotor cortex during comparison of tactile temporal pa

110 These findings suggest that premotor cortex generates different dynamics depending o

111 sterior-anterior gradient in the left dorsal premotor cortex gradually transitioned from selectivity

112 Supplementary motor area and premotor cortex had spectral power increases within ~200

113 vance of BBA and its laminar organization in premotor cortex have not been completely elucidated.

114 Corpus callosum bisections demonstrated that premotor cortex hemispheres can maintain preparatory act

115 20) provide evidence of a novel role for the premotor cortex in maintaining the context-dependent inf

116 h signals related to motor cortical state in premotor cortex influence effort value computations, ins

117 n suggests that supplementary motor area and premotor cortex interrupted the gait cycle, while poster

118 Dorsal premotor cortex is implicated in somatomotor decisions.

119 However, HD-tDCS over the premotor cortex led to a higher number of responders and

120 ural recording technique, we observed in the premotor cortex neural activation and suppression both b

121 orded using laminar electrodes in the dorsal premotor cortex of 2 male rhesus macaques performing a v

122 ordings from multiple cortical layers of the premotor cortex of monkeys performing a decision-making

123 We recorded neurons from dorsal premotor cortex of monkeys performing a visual discrimin

124 ruited areas in the visual dorsal stream and premotor cortex of the intact hemisphere to compensate f

125 he dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and dorsal premotor cortex onto the contralateral primary motor cor

126 when TMS was delivered over adjacent dorsal premotor cortex or when motor behaviors in late adaptati

127 ity in the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex and premotor cortex scaled with the cost of hierarchical pla

128 ified a subpopulation of neurons in marmoset premotor cortex that was activated or suppressed by voca

129 y and optogenetic perturbations in the mouse premotor cortex to probe the robustness of persistent ne

130 r the hypothesised contribution of motor and premotor cortex to the representation of action concepts

131 These findings provide clear evidence of the premotor cortex's involvement in self-initiated vocal pr

132 e observations provide clear evidence of the premotor cortex's involvement in vocal production in a N

133 cal (motor cortex, supplementary motor area, premotor cortex) and subcortical network (subthalamic nu

134 (primary sensory cortex, dorsal and ventral premotor cortex) and the supplementary motor area was co

135 ssing (amygdala), and motor planning (dorsal premotor cortex) to assess overlap of labeled projection

136 ted frontoparietal areas (i.e., parietal and premotor cortex).

137 e deficits correlated with lesions in dorsal premotor cortex, an area not previously associated with

138 rected), intraparietal sulcus, caudal dorsal premotor cortex, and cerebellar lobule VI (t >/= 4.18, w

139 production including inferior frontal gyrus, premotor cortex, and superior temporal gyrus during a pi

140 aparietal area, the hand area of the ventral premotor cortex, and the primary motor cortex is necessa

141 erged earliest in down-regulating neurons of premotor cortex, arguing for an initiation of selection

142 in the left intraparietal sulcus and dorsal premotor cortex, as well as in the basal ganglia and ant

143 left dorsal inferior frontal gyrus and left premotor cortex, children who stutter exhibited deactiva

144 d speech representations in sensorimotor and premotor cortex, combined with diffuse reactivation of h

145 e action representation system including the premotor cortex, has hitherto not been provided.

146 th left inferior parietal lobule and ventral premotor cortex, indicating that each LATL subregion exh

147 n and motor preparation localized to lateral premotor cortex, intraparietal sulcus, and posterior sup

148 in bilateral secondary somatosensory cortex, premotor cortex, primary motor cortex, insula and poster

149 rus, visual primary cortex, and motor areas (premotor cortex, putamen, anterior cerebellum).

150 he primary motor cortex, the ventral lateral premotor cortex, the supplementary motor area on the med

151 In motor cortex and dorsal premotor cortex, we find that the neural activity that s

152 In sensorimotor and premotor cortex, we observed reliable and temporally pre

153 ter the limb disturbance, and then in dorsal premotor cortex, with no effect in parietal regions unti

154 -a premotor area homologous to the mammalian premotor cortex-alters the statistics of the syllable se

155 The premotor cortex-particularly the dorsal premotor cortex

156 gyrus (BA6): the latter region is considered premotor cortex.

157 n of decision-related firing rates in dorsal premotor cortex.

158 right middle temporal gyrus (MTG), and right premotor cortex.

159 y-inhibitory balance in perilesional ventral premotor cortex.

160 tamen in the external capsule, and below the premotor cortex.

161 ion for decision-related responses in dorsal premotor cortex.Dorsal premotor cortex (PMd) is thought

162 abstract movement trajectories within dorsal premotor cortex.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The ability to im

163 ce between heterosexual men and women in the premotor cortex/supplementary motor cortex and left medi

164 re prevalent in superficial layers of dorsal premotor cortex; deeper layers contained more "decreased

165 Our data show that entorhinal and dorsal premotor cortical (dPMC) connections are segregated acro

166 als/electrocorticography from hand motor and premotor cortical area in human subjects with c (N = 10)

167 In contrast, androgen signaling in the premotor cortical-like brain region, HVC (proper name),

168 related with volume loss in the auditory and premotor cortices (P < .001), whereas worse performance

169 IGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The dorsal and ventral premotor cortices (PMd and PMv, respectively) are two sp

170 The dorsal and ventral premotor cortices (PMd and PMv, respectively) each take

171 network consisting of the primary motor and premotor cortices as well as the anterior intraparietal

172 t, primary somatosensory, motor, and ventral premotor cortices coded preferentially the number of dig

173 nhanced amygdala functional integration with premotor cortices compared to neutral faces.

174 cortical synchrony between primary motor and premotor cortices precedes motor high beta bursts, sugge

175 vealed neurons in the posterior parietal and premotor cortices that seem to implement and update such

176 identified in monkeys composed of bilateral premotor cortices, supplementary motor area, and the rig

177 showed increased connectivity between M1 and premotor cortices, whereas the bilateral CST group showe

178 hancing plasticity in perilesional motor and premotor cortices.

179 r in the ventrolateral prefrontal and dorsal premotor cortices.

180 s, but no systematic causal description of a premotor counterpart of a similar diffuse grasping repre

181 oneurons, correlating with the maturation of premotor descending and local spinal systems.

182 ons in primary somatosensory (S1) and dorsal premotor (DPC) cortex while trained monkeys reported whe

183 rvical spinal hemisection at C2 (SH) removes premotor drive to phrenic motoneurons located in segment

184 ever, how sensory cues are integrated within premotor escape circuits remains poorly understood.

185 We identify two pairs of higher-order premotor excitatory interneurons present in each abdomin

186 We tested the hypothesis that premotor, GABAergic neurons in the nucleus tractus solit

187 l depletion, as well as efferent sympathetic premotor glutamatergic neurons that regulate gastrointes

188 irmed in seven (50%) A53T SCNA carriers (ie, premotor), in whom [(123)I]FP-CIT SPECT confirmed the ab

189 hted the timing of early (<40 ms) prefrontal/premotor influences over M1.

190 ts develop first and provide the most potent premotor inhibition during the fastest movements, follow

191 However, it is not known how premotor inhibitory circuits are organized to ensure alt

192 ies, we found evidence for somatosensory and premotor input in superficial layers of M1 and for corti

193 ecific synaptic architectures unique to each premotor interneuron are unknown.

194 ing chemical and electrical synapses between premotor interneurons (AVA) and downstream motor neurons

195 ved to operate in a top-down manner in which premotor interneurons activate motor neurons that in tur

196 d for and identified two putative excitatory premotor interneurons in this system, termed CLI1 and CL

197 rd locomotion but commonly target a group of premotor interneurons that together provide excitatory i

198 Consistent with their being excitatory premotor interneurons, the CLIs formed GRASP- and ChAT-p

199 Here, by directly comparing premotor L5 and GrC activity during a forelimb movement

200 within and across sensory, sensorimotor, and premotor layers.

201 auditory response times decreased, and vocal premotor lead times shortened.

202 en disconnected or directly damaged: the (i) premotor loop (ii) limbic system, and (iii) ventral atte

203 ltaneous recordings of rodent motor (M1) and premotor (M2) cortex and computational methods, we show

204 sequently consolidated and stratified in the premotor-motor cortex.

205 ry motor cortex (M1) is highly influenced by premotor/motor areas both within and across hemispheres.

206 osophila larval muscle activity patterns and premotor/motor circuits to understand how they generate

207 uronal dynamics across the somatosensory and premotor network and suggest that a transitional state f

208 ly interconnecting somatosensory and ventral premotor network in non-human primates.

209 V2a interneurons, crucial components of the premotor networks.

210 People with Parkinson's disease can show premotor neurochemical changes in the dopaminergic and n

211 ons shape the spatiotemporal patterns of HVC premotor neuron activity.

212 We show that these bilaterally projecting premotor neurons (BPNs) reside primarily in the supratri

213 nstruct a full segment of all 60 MNs and 236 premotor neurons (PMNs), including differentially-recrui

214 ral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) sympathetic premotor neurons and its functional consequences.

215 If premotor neurons are interconnected in a so-called "smal

216 Premotor neurons can also contribute to "semantic" affor

217 distance, the activity of sensory and vocal premotor neurons changed such that auditory response tim

218 phe pallidus (rRPa), the site of sympathetic premotor neurons controlling thermogenesis of brown adip

219 In contrast, cumulatively deleting Dbx1 XII premotor neurons decreased motor output monotonically bu

220 An influential idea is that song premotor neurons in a forebrain nucleus (HVC) form a syn

221 e and convergent output to spinal-projecting premotor neurons in the brainstem.

222 ry respiratory network, including expiratory premotor neurons in the caudal ventral respiratory group

223 tutor's song drives spiking activity within premotor neurons in the juvenile, whereas inhibition sup

224 ch was applied to dissect how an ensemble of premotor neurons in the larval zebrafish brain drives a

225 These findings provide evidence of how premotor neurons integrate the time-varying representati

226 therefore preferentially connecting with the premotor neurons of muscles engaged in different steps o

227 KEY POINTS: Large premotor neurons of the cerebellar nuclei (CbN cells) in

228 n, which sends collaterals directly to large premotor neurons of the mouse cerebellar nuclei (CbN cel

229 ested whether preparatory neural activity in premotor neurons of the primate superior colliculus has

230 Premotor neurons play a fundamental role in transforming

231 lateral to the oculomotor nucleus, contains premotor neurons potentially involved in the neural cont

232 rmore, optogenetic activation of sympathetic premotor neurons projecting to lumbar spinal segments al

233 in the mouse, that the principal inspiratory premotor neurons share V0 identity with, and are connect

234 or oculomotility by proving that it contains premotor neurons supplying horizontal extraocular muscle

235 cal forebrain structure called HVC, contains premotor neurons that are active at precise time points

236 lel pathways to distinct pools of trigeminal premotor neurons that coordinate motor actions into a be

237 laryngeal nerve elicited primarily IPSPs in premotor neurons that could be blocked by a nicotinic re

238 via interactions with subsets of sympathetic premotor neurons that express sst2 .

239 notype, and connectivity patterns of phrenic premotor neurons, which are a crucial component of the i

240 s direct excitatory projections to abdominal premotor neurons.

241 eliminated the characteristic firing rate of premotor neurons.

242 tput by connecting phrenic MNs to inhibitory premotor neurons.

243 E, reaching several distinct associative and premotor nidopallial areas.

244 pendent motor noise, and 3) signal-dependent premotor noise entering within an internal feedback loop

245 t control orofacial actions shows that these premotor nuclei segregate their outputs.

246 ons in MCtx form gradients of boutons across premotor nuclei spinal trigeminal pars oralis (SpVO) and

247 Neural activity within the cortical premotor nucleus HVC (acronym is name) encodes the learn

248 rinsic physiology of neurons in the cortical premotor nucleus HVC (proper name) in juvenile zebra fin

249 The cortical premotor nucleus HVC (proper name) is necessary for audi

250 Cooling the premotor nucleus HVC (proper name) slows down the song t

251 etylcholine modulates the cortical (pallial) premotor nucleus HVC and shapes vocal output.

252 precise, temporally sparse sequence from the premotor nucleus HVC is crucial to the performance of so

253 ic tools, we observed neural activity in the premotor nucleus HVC(2-4) as canaries explored various p

254 nal projection from the motor nucleus to the premotor nucleus, indicating a recurrent pathway that ma

255 tation system that includes left-hemispheric premotor, parietal, and posterior temporal cortices is a

256 tation system that includes left-hemispheric premotor, parietal, and posterior temporal cortices.

257 onin transporters could be used to visualise premotor pathology of Parkinson's disease in vivo.

258 (indicative of an impairment in the saccadic premotor pathway), whereas abducens activation by the pr

259 to investigate the development of oculomotor premotor pathways and their associated human ocular diso

260 A) gene are an ideal population to study the premotor phase and evolution of Parkinson's pathology.

261 on's disease (PD) is preceded by a prolonged premotor phase with accumulating neuronal damage.

262 and psychiatric symptoms in the premanifest (premotor) phase of the disease (pre-HD), but the molecul

263 between reaching actions, neurons in dorsal premotor (PMd) and primary motor (M1) cortex reflect a d

264 Dorsal premotor (PMd) and primary motor (M1) cortices play a ce

265 cting somatosensory (S1) and frontal ventral premotor (PMv) network during a gradual behavioral trans

266 onnecting somatosensory (S1, S2) and ventral premotor (PMv) network in primates.

267 , we couple an existing preBotC model with a premotor population in several topological configuration

268 Premotor predictions facilitate vocal interactions.

269 We recorded from populations of neurons in premotor, primary motor and somatosensory cortices as mo

270 We show that transecting the motor-to-premotor projection eliminated the characteristic firing

271 c changes in the physiology and structure of premotor pyramidal neurons and support recovery of funct

272 laughter in the supplementary motor area, a premotor region thought to facilitate motor readiness to

273 usly unexplored connection from the motor to premotor region.

274 erior hypothalamic nucleus, targets multiple premotor regions and contributes to the regulation of ac

275 connectivity showed greatest similarity with premotor regions in the marmoset, rather than dorsolater

276 udy aimed to differentially excite motor and premotor regions using high-definition tDCS (HD-tDCS) wi

277 ation in bilateral insula, somatosensory and premotor regions, cingulate cortex, and temporal cortex

278 different sensory modalities and controlling premotor regions, we show that action sequences and turn

279 s decision regions in prefrontal cortex with premotor regions, where the motor plan for the response

280 parietal regions are connected to homologous premotor regions.

281 distinct CPG, but instead may function as a premotor relay that integrates activity generated by div

282 res also require the activation of motor and premotor representations, suggesting a strict link betwe

283 the first example of a CPG in which precise premotor rhythms are tuned by motor neuron activity.SIGN

284 sodium channel blocker QX-314 also disrupted premotor rhythms, as did blockade of nicotinic synapses

285 erent comprised of feedback collaterals from premotor rubrospinal neurons can directly modulate IN ou

286 Here, we investigate premotor sequences in HVC (proper name) of the adult zeb

287 We visualize these non-discrete premotor signals that drive the primary motor cortex M1

288 a chronic disorder that presents a range of premotor signs, such as sleep disturbances and cognitive

289 owever, whether spasms involve activation of premotor spinal excitatory neuronal circuits is unknown.

290 tipation and depression) appear at prodromic/premotor stage and evolve, along with cognitive impairme

291 ctive regional neuropathology resembling the premotor stage of idiopathic PD.

292 magnocellular red nucleus (RNm), a brainstem premotor structure, is a major target of the interposed

293 hway for control over midbrain and brainstem premotor structures.

294 inent descending projection to ascending and premotor, subpallial stages of these pathways.

295 ve behavior via the recruitment of brainstem premotor targets, whereas ablation of OXT neurons or los

296 Accordingly, based on the influential premotor theory of attention, which posits that even cov

297 most dramatic case, both SpVO and SpVIr are premotor to forelimb and vibrissa muscles, while only Sp

298 imb and vibrissa muscles, while only SpVO is premotor to jaw muscles.

299 ned by cortico-cortical interactions between premotor ventral (PMv)-motor cortex (M1), anterior infer

300 rrents recorded from the interneurons of the premotor ventral circuits.